A Numerical Study of the Pressure Response to Liquid-water Drag in a Three-dimensional Convective System

altitude analysis anelastic antenna appears apply approximation assumption azimuth balance equation bottom boundary conditions cells cloud coarse column combination computation consistent constant convection conversion coordinate corresponds curve deep defined density derivative determined difference digitized direction discussed distribution disturbance domain drag force dynamic East-West echo effects expressed factor field Figure finite function gm/m³ grams grid hydrostatic identified implied incremented indicated iteration liquid water liquid-water mass mathematical measured mesh miles models North-South noted numerical obtained operator partial perturbation plan view pressure pressure forces radar beam range reference reflectivity represents residual sampled scales scattering selected shading side slabs Solid solution specified storm subscript substituted successive technique temperature term thermal buoyancy three-dimensional tions top panel units values variables vector vertical accelerations volume zero