iment stations, and private industry. A staff headquartered at Rutgers University maintains files, tracks projects, prepares research protocols and develops petitions for submittal to regulatory agencies and the chemical registrants. The program is guided by an Administrative Advisory Committee and a Technical Committee.

ARS contributes efficacy, phytotoxicity and residue data for IR-4 projects. These data are used to support the establishment of tolerances for IR-4 by EPA and to support the registration of minor uses by the pesticide industry. ARS conducts studies on about 130 food projects and 300 ornamental projects each year.

Mr. MCHUGH. How are IR-4 projects selected?

Dr. PLOWMAN. Minor use needs are identified by growers, researchers and extension specialists. The researchable needs are prioritized at national IR-4 workshops. Annual selection of tentative projects are made at regional meetings by the IR-4 State and ARS liaison representatives. These selections are based in part on the priorities established by workshops and by regional and national needs. Final selection of projects is coordinated with the States and ARS and with the field and chemical residue studies at a national meeting each year. Availability of scientific expertise and resources to conduct the studies are the final determining factors in project selection.

Mr. McHUGH. By location, what is the funding and staff for IR-4 research for fiscal years 1991, 1992 and 1993?

Mr. MCHUGH. What is the total USDA budget for IR-4 for fiscal years 1991, 1992 and 1993 by agency and by program?

Dr. PLOWMAN. The total USDA funding for IR-4 research in fiscal year 1992 is $6,011,100. Of this, $2,133,100 is with ARS and $3,878,000 is with CSRS.

[Additional information follows:]

Mr. McHUGH. Please describe for the record the funding for the human nutrition research facilities for fiscal years 1991, 1992, and 1993. Indicate for the record the funding and staff required for each of those facilities if they were operated at full capacity. [The information follows:]

Mr. MCHUGH. Please describe for the record the type of research carried out at each of the five centers.

[The information follows:]

The type of research carried out at each of the ARS Human Nutrition Research Centers is as follows:

Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD.-Composition of foods and bioavailability of food nutrients required by humans; energy metabolism and energy requirements for weight maintenance; dietary reduction of risk factors for nutrition-related chronic disorders such as coronary heart disease, cancer, and maturity onset diabetes; human requirements and metabolic roles of carbohydrates, dietary fibers, lipids, zinc, chromium, selenium, vitamin E, and vitamin A; and family economics.

Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND.-Nutritional requirements for zinc, magnesium, boron, copper, and other minor elements and their relationship to optimal health, function, and performance; physiological and biochemical factors influencing minor element requirements in all age groups and biological availability of minerals.

Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA.— Nutritional requirements of the elderly for optimal health, function, and performance; the relationship of nutrition to the aging process; role of diet in the prevention of major chronic degenerative conditions; the role of diet on bone health, prevention of cataracts, immune response; the importance of exercise on body composition; and the requirements and/or tolerances of the elderly for folacin, vitamin B-12, vitamin A, vitamin B-6, vitamin K, and vitamin D.

Children's Nutrition Research Center at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX-Nutrient requirements in infants, children, pregnant and lactating women; role of diet for optimum growth and physical and mental development-specifically, the use of stable nonradioactive isotopes as markers in studies related to energy, protein, iron, and calcium requirements for growth of young infants and improved lactation in women.

Western Human Nutrition Research Center, San Francisco, CA.-Development of reliable, efficient, inexpensive methods for defining nutritional status; effects of marginal nutrient levels on performance and immune function; development of nutritional criteria for evaluation of intervention programs; and research on human nutritional requirements, including omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin C, folacin, and molybdenum.

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH

Mr. McHUGH. For the record please describe the major research programs in the field of human nutrition carried out at various universities around the country.

Dr. PLOWMAN. The major research programs in the field of human nutrition research at the various universities in the U.S. include those at land-grant institutions as well as medical schools. These include Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; University of California, Davis, CA; Iowa State University, Ames, IA; and the University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI. Medical schools which have NIHfunded Clinical Nutrition Research Units are University of Chicago, University of California at Davis, University of Washington, Vanderbilt University, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Cornell University at New York City, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Oregon Health Sciences Center, and Vanderbilt University. Columbia University has an NIH-funded Obesity Center, a Special Center of Research on arteriosclerosis, and a program on nutrition of low birth-weight infants. The University of California at San Diego and San Francisco, University of Chicago, and the University of Iowa also have SCOR programs on arteriosclerosis. The University of California at Berkeley has a program on child nutrition and chronic disease; the University of Texas Health Science Center at Dallas has a program of research on lipid metabolism; and Creighton University has a SCOR program on osteoporosis.

Mr. MCHUGH. Does USDA provide any funding for human nutrition research other than for the work at the five centers?

Dr. PLOWMAN. Yes, ARS supports a total of $2.25 million of human nutrition research in addition to its five Human Nutrition Research Centers. In FY 1992, this will include $384,500 at the ARS Soil, Plant and Nutrition Laboratory, Ithaca, NY; $738,400 at the ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research at Peoria, IL; $530,200 at the ARS Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA; and $600,100 at the ARS Family Economics Research Group, Hyattsville, MD. Other USDA agencies which have appropriated funds for human nutrition research in fiscal year 1992 include the Cooperative State Research Service, $13.0 million, including $6.5 million for competitive grants; Human Nutrition Information Service, $9.4 million; Economic Research Service, $1.1 million; and Food and Nutrition Service, $8.9 million.

CALICIVIRUS

Mr. McHUGH. Please describe the work you have underway on calicivirus.

DR. PLOWMAN. Research is underway on sequencing of the gene of the virus responsibile for the disease. Known caliciviruses, namely,

vesicular exanthema virus in swine, San Miguel virus in sea lions, and calicivirus in cats are being studied to identify the sequences that determine virulence, serologic variability, and host specificity. Viral genomic RNA is being used to determine how the viral infection is initiated at the cellular level.

These studies on the factors that control host range specificity are of practical value because it is hypothesized that vesicular exanthema virus of swine was a host-adapted variant of a common calicivirus of marine mammals.

Mr. MCHUGH. By location, what is the funding and staff for calicivirus research for fiscal years 1991, 1992 and 1993?

Dr. PLOWMAN. The funding and scientific staff for calicivirus research for fiscal year 1991 was $211,600, and will be $219,900 in both 1992 and 1993 and supported by 1.0 SY each year.

NARCOTICS RESEARCH

Mr. McHUGH. Please describe the work you have underway on narcotics research.

Dr. PLOWMAN. The Agricultural Research Service has no direct operational role in narcotics control; all of the agency's efforts are in support of other agency programs. We currently cooperate with the Department of State, the Drug Enforcement Administration and the Office of National Narcotics Control Policy. Some cooperative efforts are also underway with the United Nations.

Our programs include research into control methods, including herbicides, for illicit narcotic crops and application techniques. We also investigate alternative crops to narcotics in developing countries, illicit crop estimation techniques, and basic science relating to illicit crop chemistry and plant physiology.

Mr. MCHUGH. By location, what is the funding and staff for narcotics research for fiscal years 1991, 1992 and 1993?

Dr. PLOWMAN. All of the research activities are centrally administered through the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center. In addition to the Beltsville activities, there is a permanent scientist in College Station, Texas. The budget for 1991, 1992 and 1993 is $6,484,000, $6,666,000, and $6,666,000, respectively. Permanent staffing for all three years consists of eight authorized scientific positions, and sixteen technical and clerical positions.

OATS RESEARCH

Mr. MCHUGH. Please describe the work you have underway on oats research.

Dr. PLOWMAN. ARS oat research focuses on germplasm preservation, evaluation, and enhancement; host-plant resistance to major disease threats, primarily crown rust and barley yellow dwarf virus; increasing hardiness in winter oats; and expanding the spectrum of quality and nutritional characteristics so as to allow maximum utilization of oats for food or feed. These research efforts are cooperative with and complementary to university supported oat improvement programs and industry sponsored research.

Mr. MCHUGH. By location, what is the funding and staff for oats research for fiscal years 1991, 1992 and 1993?

[The information follows:]

Mr. MCHUGH. Please describe for the record the work you have underway on peach research.

[The information follows:]

RESEARCH ON PEACHES

ARS Headquarters.-Staffing and funding for peach germplasm at the National Clonal Germplasm Repositories.

Booneville, AR.-Production systems for small farms.

Albany, CA.-Methods for detecting pesticide residues, control of toxic microbial metabolites, value added products, and fruit processing.

Davis, CA.-Control of fungal diseases and germplasm maintenance and evaluation.

Fresno, CA.-Biocontrol of insects, germplasm evaluation and enhancement, and variety development.

Athens, GA.-Flavor and texture assessment, postharvest quality, and nondestructive measurements of fruit maturity.

Byron, GA.-Biological control of ring nematode, identify low soil pH tolerant rootstocks, control of diseases and nematodes, development of improved pest-resistant varieties, and insect control.

Beltsville, MD.-Detection and control of viruses and viroids, in vitro culture of endomycorrhyzae, gene transfer and tissue culture technologies, internal mechanisms of resistance to postharvest decay, and maintenance of quarantine facilities. Lane, OK.-Cultural and postharvest studies relating to fruit quality and disease control.

Wyndmoor, PA.-Carbohydrate based biopolymers.

Wenatchee, WA.-Control of virus diseases.

Yakima, WA.-Control of green peach aphid and other peach insects. Kearneysville, WV.-Breeding and variety development, peach fruit development and ripening, adaptation to biological and environmental stress, management of insect and disease pests, crop production using aquaculture effluent, mechanical harvesting, cultural practices, weed control, and postharvest quality.

Mr. McHUGH. By location, what is the funding and staff for peach research for fiscal years 1991, 1992, and 1993?