Trade, Investment, and Development in the Middle East and North Africa: Engaging with the World, Volume 763

Front Cover
Dipak Das Gupta, Mustapha K. Nabli
World Bank Publications, 2003 M01 1 - 273 pages
Trade, Investment, and Development in the Middle East and North Africa: Engaging with the World describes why expanding trade and investment is vital for this region. The greatest economic challenge is to create enough jobs for its rapidly growing labor force, which is increasingly young and educated, to ward off threats to social and political stability inherent in high unemployment rates. This effort requires higher, and more sustainable, economic growth than has been achieved in the past two decades. Expanding trade and private investment offers the best hope. The potential is enormous given the region's human resources, skills, location, history, and opportunities. The book analyzes why the region has yet to tap fully into the rich stream of global commerce and investment--and the measures needed to do so, including improvements in the domestic investment climate and reforms in the policies of the region's trading partners. Its findings will appeal to policymakers in the region, the private sector and civil society, trade specialists, donors and partners, and anyone with an interest in the history and prospects of the Middle East and North Africa. This is by far one of the most detailed analytical works undertaken on trade and investment in the Middle East and North Africa countries. It is very well-written and easy to read: the text flows naturally with arguments and analysis that are both solid and convincing. Raed Safadi, Lead Economist and Chief of the Trade Policy Dialogue Division, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
 

Contents

Potential Impact on Growth and Productivity
44
CrossCountry Evidence
49
The Critical Role of Investment Climate
54
Potential Impact on Womens Participation
55
Trade Investment and Employment
58
Notes
59
Missed Opportunities in Global Integration
61
Three Types of Countries
62
Trade Outcomes
64
Fewer Dynamic Export Products
71
Intraregional Trade Remains at Low Levels
72
Foreign Direct Investment and Global Production
74
Little Participation in Global Production Sharing
76
Falling World Market Share of Trade in Other Services
77
Labor Migration
78
Structural and External Constraints to Trade Expansion in MENA
83
PartnerCountry Trade Restraints
85
Conclusions
86
Identifying the Barriers Trade Policy Investment Climate and the Political Economy
89
Timing Intensity and Persistence of Past Reforms
90
Later More Gradual Sporadic Reformers in LaborAbundant ResourceRich Countries
92
Trade Protection and Competitiveness
95
An Exporters Perspective
100
Exchange Rate Misalignment and Decline in Competitiveness
101
Behindthe Border Constraints
105
Political Economy of Trade and Investment Climate Reform
111
Some Empirical Evidence
112
Changing Opportunities for Reform
115
Achieving the Gains from Economic Integration
117
The Broader Reform Agenda
119
Specialization and Exports
120
Sequencing and the Speed of Reforms
121
Managing Transition Costs and Job Losses
124
Export Processing Zones
127
Anchoring Reforms in Regional Integration Agreements
128
the Arab Republic of Egypt Jordan Lebanon Morocco and Tunisia
130
Tariffs and Nontariff Barriers
131
Customs Reforms
132

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