Photograph by R. R. Earle

BULGARIAN LODGING GROUP IN SOUTH CHICAGO Eighteen men and the "boss" in the apartment; six men slept in this room

According to this each man was charged 75 cents a week for the use of a room, where as many men as could be crowded together were lodged. The men thus herded together purchased each his own food and otherwise shifted for himself. There were 63 men found in simple co-operative groups, 167 were found living with a boss as manager, while 40 were found in the transient lodging-houses.

The table which has been given shows the number of persons constituting these groups into which they organize themselves, and the number of rooms in the apartments occupied.

II. CROATIANS AND SERVIANS

Men from both of these nationalities frequently live in the same lodging-house groups. The language is common to the two and those who call themselves Servians come either from the same portion of Austria from which the Croatians come, or from the neighboring kingdom of Dalmatia or Bosnia. In a group of 141 men who claimed to be Servians, there was not one who had come from the kingdom of Servia.2 On this account it seems proper to present the facts about these two groups together.

Tall and broad shouldered, fairer than the Bulgarians and more nearly resembling the Poles, these men from the mountain farms of Austria and Dalmatia form a valuable addition to our workers, and the "Austrians," as our labor agencies call them, are eagerly sought for when work is hard and heavy.

The Croatian colony has its center near Eighteenth Street and Center Avenue on the west side of the city, within the limits of South Halsted Street, West Sixteenth Street, Blue Island Avenue, and West Twenty-second Street. In this neighborhood the Croatian newspapers are published, and there are also to be found a large Croatian church, Croatian lodge-halls, stores

As authority for their close relationship, see the statement made by Calhoun, The Whirlpool of Europe, 323: "There is no real distinction of race or language in this region inhabited by the Serve-Croats who spread across the Balkan states and through Croatia, Dalmatia, Slavonia, to the country of the Slavenes." The present distinctions are based rather more upon political or religious grounds than upon racial or linguistic distinctions. The Servians are adherents of the Greek Orthodox faith, while the Croatians are Roman Catholics.

of all varieties kept by the Croatians, and, in fact, a complete national colony. This section is that within which may be found a part of the large Bohemian colony, now rapidly spreading to the westward, besides many Servians and Slovaks. An editor of one of the Croatian newspapers estimated the Croatian population of the city to be between 28,000 and 30,000, with probably 20,000 living in this one colony. There is another group of probably 3,000 on Archer Avenue, near Robey Street, in which there is also a Croatian newspaper published. Still others are to be found in South Chicago, near the steel mills, where men from both nationalities may be found in the same group.

There are also two large Servian colonies. The larger is on Clybourn Avenue near Fullerton. A Servian newspaper is published in this locality, and there are Servian restaurants, stores, saloons, and lodge-halls in the neighborhood. The smaller is on Milwaukee Avenue near Wicker Park. It is an interesting fact that almost all the men in these colonies have come from Dalmatia, Bosnia, or Herzegovina.

Thirty-three groups, representing 183 Croatians and 141 Servians, of whom 82 came from Austria, and 59 from Dalmatia, were interviewed. This was done during the month of March when many of the men were unemployed. Detailed information was secured from groups from three of the colonies the colony about Center Street, that in South Chicago, and that on Clybourn Avenue near Fullerton.

The size of these groups, including the few women and children living in them, and the number of rooms in the apartments occupied by each group are shown in the table given below.

Among these the most common type of living arrangement is for a married couple to own a boarding-house. They pay the rent and own the furniture and charge each man in the group about three dollars a month for his lodging, the preparation of his food, and his washing. The cost of food is divided proportionately each month among the men, the husband counting as one of the boarders. A cruder method of accounting is that of keeping a grocery book, in which the grocer or