in the more serious crimes including murder and manslaughter and an increase in the less serious forms.

The last execution in Belgium was in 1863. From 1857 to 1863, 97 per cent of the death sentences were commuted. Of the 325 sentenced to death from 1831 to 1863, only 55 were executed. TABLE 23

Table 23 gives the number sentenced to death from 1865, and the number sentenced to death from 1865 to 1905. It also gives the number of persons condemned for assassination, murder, parricide, and poisoning in annual averages from 1861 to 1895 and in absolute numbers from 1896 to 1903. The number of assassinations and murders has not varied much since 1861 to

1903.

The number sentenced for capital crimes has decreased from 1861 to 1903. but with variations.

SWEDEN

The penal law of 1864 gives the conditions of the death penalty. The two chambers of the Swedish Parliament recently have refused to abolish the penalty.

In Table 24 are given the number convicted per million population of punishable age for murder, manslaughter, and crimes in general from 1866 to 1904. There has been a slight increase in murder and manslaughter and decrease in all crimes against property.

Capital punishment was abolished in Holland in 1870. In fact there has been no execution since 1860. From 1811 to 1869 as many as 501 were sentenced to death, but only 101

16 Statistik Tidskrift, Stockholm, 1904.

executed, showing the great frequency of pardons. The most severe punishment is imprisonment for life, which is applicable to two kinds of crime, assassination and murder. The code of 1881 maintained the abolishment of the death penalty. Table 25 shows that the proportion per million population for crimes against life to be 10.0 in 1850-59, 15.1 in 1860-69, periods when the death penalty was in the code. When the death penalty was abolished in 1871-80, the proportion of these crimes decreased to 8.5, but subsequently increased to 12.1 in 1881-90.

In Table 26 are given the numbers convicted per 100,000 population for crime in general from 1893 to 1906, showing no great increase or decrease. The absolute numbers of murder or attempts at murder since 1903 indicate a large increase (45) in 1906.

The number sentenced to imprisonment for life, while varying much from year to year, shows no general increase.

DENMARK

Denmark's penal code of 1866 provides a death penalty, applied especially to assassination. Only four executions have taken place since 1866.

Table 27 shows the number of males convicted in Denmark from 1901 to 1905 for murder, assassination, wounding, and crimes against public order. This table indicates variations from year to year, but no important increases.

17 Annuaire statistique de Finelande, Helsingfors, 1908.

Capital punishment is maintained in Bulgaria by the code of 1857, in Greece by the code of 1834, and in Servia by the penal law of 1860.

NORWAY

The penal code of 1842 provides the death penalty in Norway. But the code of 1902 abolishes it, to take effect in 1904.

CHILI

In Chili from 1895 to 1904, there was a general increase of crime, but a large decrease for 1907, as indicated in Table 28, where the quinquennial averages are given.

In Table 28 are given the percentages convicted of homicide, wounding, etc., showing an increase from 1904 to 1907.

18 Annuaire statistique du Danemark, Copenhagen, 1907.

The large decrease in crime in general (Table 29) is striking when compared with the large increase in homicide and woundings (Table 28) for the same year.

The number of homicides, woundings, and robberies officially reported from 1892-1902 are given in Table 30, for Rio de Janeiro.

21 Directoria General de Estatistica, Rio de Janeiro, 1902.