A DIRECTORY OF FEDERALLY FINANCED STUDENT LOANS, FELLOWSHIPS, AND CAREER TRAINING PROGRAMS IN THE FIELD OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES METHOD OF REPORTING DATA This directory lists 295 federally financed student loans, fellowships, and career training programs in the field of higher education in the United States. In reporting each of these the following items are listed where this information was available. 1. Name of specific training program. 2. Brief description of program and its purposes, if required. 3. Level of education at which program is offered, usually either college undergraduate or university postgraduate training. 4. Number of students, trainees, graduate fellows admitted per year. 5. Amount of stipend or fellowship available to individual student. 6. Duration of training period or course. 7. Total amount of money allocated by agency to program, by fiscal year. 8. Statutory authorization. KEY TO PROGRAM CLASSIFICATION Career training programs-"inservice training"-within U.S. departments or agencies: Government school or academy (GS). On-the-job training (J). University contract (C). Foreign programs (F). Student loans (L). Scholarships (S). Fellowships (FS). DEFINITIONS In order to understand the above key, the following definitions must be borne in mind: Career training programs Technically speaking, inservice training, or, as it is referred to in this report, career training, cannot be considered either a scholarship, fellowship, or loan. In most cases, the training carries a condition that the recipient be employed or will accept employment in a particular career or position within the specific department or agency concerned. Usually such training is offered by the department or agency itself rather than through a recognized institution of higher learning. 1 8178562- 2 Career training programs operated within the Federal Government have been classified under two general headings: either "Government school-academy" or "On-the-job." The term "Government school (GS) refers to an existing, physically defined, separately operated institution offering academically oriented courses in a system based on semesters and college credits similar to, although not necessarily identical with, that of a university or privately endowed college. The U.S. Coast Guard Academy, the Foreign Service Institute, the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies, the National War College, the U.S. Navy Postgraduate School in Monterey, Calif., have all been placed in the category of Government-operated school. On-the-job training (J) is frequently referred to as "inservice" training within the Federal Government. Courses included in this category could range from 8- to 12-week orientation classes for new employees, such as offered by USIA, to full-year training programs in various fields of specialization-for example, conversational Russian, safety programs pertaining to air pollution or radioisotopes. Generally, in this preliminary overview of federally supported education, we have included only those inservice training programs which most readily fit into the classification of higher academic education. University contract (C) may be defined as including those colleges and universities operating programs with Federal funds under contract with the Federal Government. The National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, and, most important of all, the Office of Education allocate a great portion of all present educational funds for specific courses of instruction and for traineeship and fellowship programs in the biological, social, and physical sciences offered by colleges and universities in the United States. Foreign programs (F) refers to both Federal programs for the technical or academic training of foreign nationals coming to the United States and to those few programs within our Federal Government which improve the language skills, understanding, and professional competency of U.S. officials to be sent abroad. Student loans (L).-Any advance or financial credit or funds, whether called a loan, scholarship, fellowship, or something else, to an undergraduate or college graduate student, which enable him to continue his education, for which repayment is required after the student leaves the institution, either in the form of service or in cash. In this directory, the term refers to loans underwritten by Congress in the National Defense Education Act of 1958. Scholarship (S)-Any grant, whether called a scholarship, fellowship, remission of tuition and fees, or something else, to an undergraduate college student, which enables him to further his education, for which no return of service or repayment is required, either while the student is in college or after he leaves college. Although very few Federal scholarships for college students at the undergraduate level exist at this time, there are several important exceptions; namely, the traineeships for student nurses awarded by the Public Health Service, the Federal scholarships for our native Indian citizens awarded by the Department of the Interior, and the scholarships to war orphans awarded by the Veterans' Administration. Fellowship (FS).-Any grant, whether called a fellowship, scholarship, remission of tuition and fees, traineeship, or something else, to a graduate college student which enables him to further his education, for which no return of service or repayment is required, while the student is in college or after he leaves college. In this directory, the term refers to predoctoral, postdoctoral, senior faculty, senior scientist, or special fellowship programs. Hospital (H). Some inservice, on-the-job training programs offered by the Federal Government are given in Government-operated hospitals, such as St. Elizabeths, and the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health. Mixed (M). This code key refers to programs supported by the Federal Government which operate at both secondary school and higher educational levels. When (J) above is employed, instruction is offered only at college or graduate levels. Federal support for educational programs for the 1958-59 school year Source: "Federal Funds for Education," 1958-59 and 1959-60, U.S. Department of Health, Education. and Welfare, Office of Education, Bulletin 1961 No. 14, Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare is the Office of Education, founded in 1867 as a Federal department and charged with the responsibility of leadership in the shaping of educational goals and policies. One of the major responsibilities of the Office is the administration of the National Defense Education Act of 1958, perhaps the most important program of college and university student assistance enacted by Congress in the past decade. Also operating under the aegis of HEW is the U.S. Public Health Service of which the National Institutes of Health has become recognized and respected throughout the world for its activities in spearheading pure and clinical medical research and training programs in the social and biological sciences. The Social Security Administration's Children's Bureau, the Office of Vocational Rehabilitation, and federally financed, widely acclaimed Howard University, Gallaudet School for the Deaf, and St. Elizabeths Hospital are also part of HEW activities. I. U.S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION 1. The National Defense Education Act of 1958 The 10 titles to this act authorized more than $1 billion for grants and loans to students and to institutions of higher learning in the first few years of operation. (a) The National Defense Education Act student loan program (C)(L).—Title II of the National Defense Education Act provides for loans to colleges to assist needy students on the basis of "9 to 1"that is, for every $9 from the Federal Government, each university or college adds $1 from State or private financial sources. Students may borrow $1,000 a year to a maximum of $5,000 at interest rates of 3 percent. Those who become teachers, however, in a public elementary or secondary school are "forgiven" up to 50 percent of the entire loan if they devote 5 years to teaching. Level: undergraduate and graduate. Participating institutions: 1,181 in 1959. Loan: averaged $470 in 1961. Number: 36,497 students received loans in 1958-59; 151,000 students received loans in 1959-60; and 190,000 students received loans in 1960-61. Cost: $31 million in fiscal year 1959; $40,700,000 in fiscal year 1960; $71 million in fiscal year 1961;1 and $95 million in fiscal year 1962, estimated.1 Authority: Public Law 85-684, title II. 1 Federal capital contribution: 1961, $57,451,289; 1962, $73,845,000. |