Social ExperimentationJerry A. Hausman, David A. Wise University of Chicago Press, 2007 M12 1 - 300 pages Since 1970 the United States government has spent over half a billion dollars on social experiments intended to assess the effect of potential tax policies, health insurance plans, housing subsidies, and other programs. Was it worth it? Was anything learned from these experiments that could not have been learned by other, and cheaper, means? Could the experiments have been better designed or analyzed? These are some of the questions addressed by the contributors to this volume, the result of a conference on social experimentation sponsored in 1981 by the National Bureau of Economic Research. The first section of the book looks at four types of experiments and what each accomplished. Frank P. Stafford examines the negative income tax experiments, Dennis J. Aigner considers the experiments with electricity pricing based on time of use, Harvey S. Rosen evaluates housing allowance experiments, and Jeffrey E. Harris reports on health experiments. In the second section, addressing experimental design and analysis, Jerry A. Hausman and David A. Wise highlight the absence of random selection of participants in social experiments, Frederick Mosteller and Milton C. Weinstein look specifically at the design of medical experiments, and Ernst W. Stromsdorfer examines the effects of experiments on policy. Each chapter is followed by the commentary of one or more distinguished economists. |
From inside the book
Results 1-5 of 45
Page 3
... elasticity estimates than is found in the labor - supply studies of the NIT experi- ments . However , he does find that the results lead to the conclusion that peak - period demands are inelastic when expenditure is held constant ...
... elasticity estimates than is found in the labor - supply studies of the NIT experi- ments . However , he does find that the results lead to the conclusion that peak - period demands are inelastic when expenditure is held constant ...
Page 12
... elasticity results are summarized and discussed . Section 1.3 presents the basis for a welfare analysis of a move to TOU rates . In section 1.4 , the question of implementation is considered . Finally , in the concluding section , we ...
... elasticity results are summarized and discussed . Section 1.3 presents the basis for a welfare analysis of a move to TOU rates . In section 1.4 , the question of implementation is considered . Finally , in the concluding section , we ...
Page 14
... elasticity of demand and introductions to the topic of TOU - demand modeling and elasticity estimation . Each of the studies cited contains a more detailed exposition of the models and methods used . General references are Aigner and ...
... elasticity of demand and introductions to the topic of TOU - demand modeling and elasticity estimation . Each of the studies cited contains a more detailed exposition of the models and methods used . General references are Aigner and ...
Page 17
... elasticity estimates given here are those estimated using the MIN assumption concerning appliance kWh requirements ( see Lawrence and Braithwait 1979 , 69 ) . Arizona : Since Atkinson ( AT ) pools the data over months , the ranged are ...
... elasticity estimates given here are those estimated using the MIN assumption concerning appliance kWh requirements ( see Lawrence and Braithwait 1979 , 69 ) . Arizona : Since Atkinson ( AT ) pools the data over months , the ranged are ...
Page 18
... elasticity estimate . 4 By way of contrast , Atkinson , Aigner and Hausman , Lau and Lillard , and Hill et al . all estimate significant price effects , although their esti- mates are dissimilar . These researchers take a neoclassical ...
... elasticity estimate . 4 By way of contrast , Atkinson , Aigner and Hausman , Lau and Lillard , and Hill et al . all estimate significant price effects , although their esti- mates are dissimilar . These researchers take a neoclassical ...
Contents
1 | |
11 | |
2 Housing Behavior and the Experimental HousingAllowance Program What Have We Learned? | 55 |
3 IncomeMaintenance Policy and Work Effort Learning from Experiments and LaborMarket Studies | 95 |
4 Macroexperiments versus Microexperiments for Health Policy | 145 |
5 Technical Problems in Social Experimentation Cost versus Ease of Analysis | 187 |
6 Toward Evaluating the CostEffectiveness of Medical and Social Experiments | 221 |
7 The Use of Information in the Policy Process Are SocialPolicy Experiments Worthwhile? | 251 |
8 Social Science Analysis and the Formulation of Public Policy Illustrations of What the President Knows and How He Comes to Know It | 257 |
List of Contributors | 283 |
Author Index | 285 |
Subject Index | 288 |
Common terms and phrases
Aigner analysis ANOVA assess assumptions attrition behavior benefits Broad Peak budget changes cholesterol clinical trials control group cost-effectiveness costs decision demand experiment discussion econometric economic efficacy EHAP elasticity estimates electricity eligible endogenous equation evaluation example exogenous experimental data experimental design experimental effect function Hausman and Wise Hawthorne effects hedonic households housing allowances housing services hypertension impact important incentive income maintenance increase individual Institute intervention issues Journal labor supply labor-market likelihood function macroexperimentation macroexperiments measure ment Mosteller MRFIT negative income tax nonexperimental observations off-peak outcomes paper parameters payments peak percent perimental period policy makers population potential pre-experimental predict price elasticity problems procedure projects question random residential response Rosen selection selectivity bias social experiments specific statistical Stromsdorfer studies subjects supply experiment time-of-day tion TOU pricing TOU rates treatment assignment treatment effect treatment groups U.S. Congress unemployment utility variables variation wage welfare
Popular passages
Page 188 - Five-year findings of the hypertension detection and follow-up program. I. Reduction in mortality of persons with high blood pressure, including mild hypertension.
Page 192 - Professor of Political Economy, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, and research associate. National Bureau of Economic Research.
Page 253 - CHALMERS. 1966. The present status of shunts for portal hypertension in cirrhosis.
Page 99 - An Explicit Model of Intra Metropolitan Mobility." Land Economics (November):41 1-428. (1979). "The Dynamics of the Housing Market: A Stock Adjustment Model of Housing Consumption." Journal of Urban Economics (January):90-lll. - ( 1981 ). "Complex Public Subsidies and Complex Household Behavior: Consumption Aspects of Housing Allowances." In K. Bradbury and A. Downs (eds.). Do Housing Allowances Work? Washington. DC: The Brookings Institution. Kain. JF. and JM Quigley (1975), Housing Markets and...
Page 150 - Professor of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research, both in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Page 226 - This research was supported in part by a grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation to the Center for the Analysis of Health Practices and by National Science Foundation grant SES-75-15702.
Page 289 - Department of Biostatistics Harvard School of Public Health 677 Huntington Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02115 Subcommittee on Research Needs for Carbon Monoxide Dr.
Page 90 - HALL. RE and HAUSMAN, JA (1974), "Estimation and Inference in Nonlinear Structural Models", Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, 653-665. BURTLESS. G. and HAUSMAN, J. (1978), "The Effect of Taxes on Labor Supply: Evaluating the Gary NIT Experiment ", Journal of Political Economy.