Hail Resistance of Roofing ProductsBuilding Research Division, U.S. Institute for Applied Technology, 1969 - 9 pages A test was developed for evaluating the hail resistance of roofings, in which synthetic hailstones (ice spheres) of various sizes were shot at roof assemblies at their free-fall terminal v * elocities.Indentations, granule loss and roofing fracture were observed.The principal conclusion is that:All roofing materials have some resistance to hail damage, but as the size of the hail increases, a level of impact energy is reached at which damage occurs.This level lies in the range of 1 1/2 to 2 inch (3.8-5.1 cm) hailstones for most prepared roofings.(Author). |
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... Shooting hailstones at roofing 3.2 . Evaluating failure 4. Results 4.1 . Asphalt shingles 4.2 . Built - up roofs 4.3 . Nonbituminous roofing 5. Conclusions 6. References 9 9 66 Hail Resistance of Roofing Products Sidney H. Greenfeld A test.
... Shooting hailstones at roofing 3.2 . Evaluating failure 4. Results 4.1 . Asphalt shingles 4.2 . Built - up roofs 4.3 . Nonbituminous roofing 5. Conclusions 6. References 9 9 66 Hail Resistance of Roofing Products Sidney H. Greenfeld A test.
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... references [ 2-6 ] . Two types of damaging hailstorms are en- countered in the United States [ 5 ] . The most prevalent type is known as the frontal storm . It involves the encounter of a cold , high air mass with a low , moist , warm ...
... references [ 2-6 ] . Two types of damaging hailstorms are en- countered in the United States [ 5 ] . The most prevalent type is known as the frontal storm . It involves the encounter of a cold , high air mass with a low , moist , warm ...
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... References to specific articles in the description of apparatus used in these experiments are for the purpose of definition of the experimental details , and should not be construed as preferential endorsements of these articles . The ...
... References to specific articles in the description of apparatus used in these experiments are for the purpose of definition of the experimental details , and should not be construed as preferential endorsements of these articles . The ...
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... 72 ( 32.0 ) 22 ( 29.80 ) 212 ( 6.4 ) 117 80 ( 35.7 ) 53 ( 71.9 ) ( 7.0 ) 124 85 ( 37.8 ) 81 ( 109.8 ) 3 ( 7.6 ) 130 88 ( 39.6 ) 120 ( 162.7 ) Read from graphs in reference [ 9 ] . All of the results reported are based on hail- stones 5.
... 72 ( 32.0 ) 22 ( 29.80 ) 212 ( 6.4 ) 117 80 ( 35.7 ) 53 ( 71.9 ) ( 7.0 ) 124 85 ( 37.8 ) 81 ( 109.8 ) 3 ( 7.6 ) 130 88 ( 39.6 ) 120 ( 162.7 ) Read from graphs in reference [ 9 ] . All of the results reported are based on hail- stones 5.
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... References ( cut here ) Announcement of New Publications in Building. Diameter of smallest hailstone causing damage Description -in ( 0.3 cm ) Asbestos cement shingles .... -in ( 0.6 cm ) Asbestos cement shingles .. in ( 1.3 cm ) Cedar ...
... References ( cut here ) Announcement of New Publications in Building. Diameter of smallest hailstone causing damage Description -in ( 0.3 cm ) Asbestos cement shingles .... -in ( 0.6 cm ) Asbestos cement shingles .. in ( 1.3 cm ) Cedar ...
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15 cents air gun apparatus Applied Technology areas of different Asbestos cement asphalt flood coat Asphalt Roofing asphalt shingles automatic data processing building damage Building Research Building Science Series Built-up roofs Bureau of Standards Cement and Concrete Center Class C shingle Coal tar Concrete Properties cracking cylinder dense decks dents DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE diameter different vulnerability felt damage Fiberboard on 1-in Foamboard free-fall terminal velocity freezing ft 61 cm Gas cylinder Glass fiber insulation hail damage hail resistance hailstone carrier Hailstone Molds Hailstorms ice spheres indentation Institute for Applied interply asphalt Interrelations Between Cement Joules kg/m² kg/m³ large hailstones launcher lb/sq Meteorol microswitches National Bureau Nonbituminous Roofing organic felt polyethylene Portland Cement prepared roofings reported Resistance of Roofing resistant to hail shingles showed Sidney H sizes of hailstones slag solidly supported areas specimen steel decking substrates tested Type 235 shingles U.S. DEPARTMENT U.S. Government Printing velocity 9 ст