Somalia: Economy Without StateInternational African Institute, 2003 - 206 pages Does statelessness necessarily mean anarchy and disorder? Clan elders, religious leaders and businessmen have worked together to provide stability and security in large parts of Somalia. Urban centres continue to suffer violence, political chaos and economic disruption. Do money, international trade and investment survive without a state? Somalia has been without a state, a Ministry of Finance, or a central bank, but the Somali Shilling was more stable during the second half of the 1990s than during the 1980s. Economic agreements with transnational firms and sovereign states go ahead. Do town-dwellers fare as well as pastoralists? With the collapse of the state, herders and traders have benefited from reduced restrictions on movement and there is a booming unofficial export and import trade. Settled populations have fared less well. Do pastoralists care about development and social improvement? Throughout the Horn western-funded development projects have had disastrous results. Nevertheless the Somalis have selectively accepted certain elements; phone and internet services are surprisingly cheap.BR> Published in association with the International African Institute North America: Indiana U Press |
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Page 17
... period during 1987 and 1988 , and during the summers of 1996 , 1998 , and 2001. In 1987-8 data on marketing were gathered from seasonal surveys of herder households in Afmadow and Kismayo Districts , Lower Jubba Region ; structured and ...
... period during 1987 and 1988 , and during the summers of 1996 , 1998 , and 2001. In 1987-8 data on marketing were gathered from seasonal surveys of herder households in Afmadow and Kismayo Districts , Lower Jubba Region ; structured and ...
Page 90
... period covered was January 1987 to February 1988 , although data were not available for each market every month . Exchange rate for the period averaged approximately 120SoSh = $ 1 . 3 Based on data from interviews with 84 traders . Period ...
... period covered was January 1987 to February 1988 , although data were not available for each market every month . Exchange rate for the period averaged approximately 120SoSh = $ 1 . 3 Based on data from interviews with 84 traders . Period ...
Page 141
... period 1991-98 , floating between SoSh 6,500 and 8,000 per U.S. dollar ' ( ibid : 13 ) , when a central government was not in existence . If one compares the period from 1995 to 1999 with the last few years ( 1986 to 1990 ) of the Siad ...
... period 1991-98 , floating between SoSh 6,500 and 8,000 per U.S. dollar ' ( ibid : 13 ) , when a central government was not in existence . If one compares the period from 1995 to 1999 with the last few years ( 1986 to 1990 ) of the Siad ...
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Common terms and phrases
Absame activities Afmadow Ahmed animals annual Aulihan author's field notes Baidoa Barre Besteman border region brokers camel cattle cattle trade Chapter conflict costs cross-border trade Development Dinsoor drought dry season earlier Ethiopia export trade faction Food Security FSAU Garissa District global government's collapse grazing groups Harti herders herds Horn of Africa important Jamaame Jubba River Jubba Valley Kenya Kenyan markets Kismayo town livestock livestock exports livestock trade Lower Jubba Region major Marehan Menkhaus merchants middlemen militia milk mobility Mogadishu Mohamed Zubeyr Mombasa moved Nairobi nomadic Ogadeen overseas export pastoral pastoralists percent political population Puntland purchase recent refugee remittances rural Samatar Saudi sector segmentary Siad Barre social Somali borderlands Somali economy Somali herders Somali shilling Somaliland SoSh southern Somalia stateless trader interview trans-border transport UNDP UNOSOM urban warlords water points