Road from Kyoto: Kyoto and the administration's fiscal year 1999 budget request - United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science - Google Books

Books

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AND THE ADMINISTRATION'S FIS-
CAL YEAR 1999 BUDGET REQUEST

United

57-716

HEARING

BEFORE THE

COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS

SECOND SESSION

FEBRUARY 12, 1998

Serial No. 105-74

Printed for the use of the Committee on Science

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON: 1999

For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office

Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402

COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE

KF27
.S39
1998 b
Pt.2
Сорчі
LL

F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., Wisconsin, Chairman

SHERWOOD L. BOEHLERT, New York
HARRIS W. FAWELL, Illinois
CONSTANCE A. MORELLA, Maryland
CURT WELDON, Pennsylvania
DANA ROHRABACHER, California
JOE BARTON, Texas

KEN CALVERT, California
ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland
VERNON J. EHLERS, Michigan +
DAVE WELDON, Florida
MATT SALMON, Arizona
THOMAS M. DAVIS, Virginia
GIL GUTKNECHT, Minnesota
MARK FOLEY, Florida

THOMAS W. EWING, Illinois

CHARLES W. (CHIP) PICKERING,
Mississippi

CHRIS CANNON, Utah

KEVIN BRADY, Texas

MERRILL COOK, Utah

PHIL ENGLISH, Pennsylvania

GEORGE R. NETHERCUTT, JR., Washington

TOM A. COBURN, Oklahoma

PETE SESSIONS, Texas
Vacancy

GEORGE E. BROWN, JR., California*
RALPH M. HALL, Texas

BART GORDON, Tennessee
JAMES A. TRAFICANT, JR., Ohio
TIM ROEMER, Indiana

JAMES A. BARCIA, Michigan

EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas
ALCEE L. HASTINGS, Florida
LYNN N. RIVERS, Michigan

ZOE LOFGREN, California

MICHAEL F. DOYLE, Pennsylvania
SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas
BILL LUTHER, Minnesota
DEBBIE STABENOW, Michigan

BOB ETHERIDGE, North Carolina
NICK LAMPSON, Texas
DARLENE HOOLEY, Oregon
LOIS CAPPS, California
BARBARA LEE, California
BRAD SHERMAN, California
Vacancy

† Vice Chairman.

TODD R. SCHULTZ, Chief of Staff
BARRY C. BERINGER, Chief Counsel

ROBERT E. PALMER, Democratic Staff Director

VIVIAN A. TESSIERI, Legislative Clerk

*Ranking Minority Member.

(See "History of Appointments" for further information concerning Membership on the Committee on Science.)

(II)

CONTENTS

WITNESSES

February 12, 1998: The Road from Kyoto-Part 2: Kyoto and the Administra-

tion's Fiscal Year 1999 Budget Request

Opening Statement by Representative F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr. (WI-

9), Chairman, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives

Opening Statement by Representative George E. Brown, Jr. (CA-42),

Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Rep-

Opening Statement by Representative Eddie Bernice Johnson (TX-30)

The Honorable John H. Gibbons, Assistant to the President for Science

and Technology, and Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy,

Executive Office of the President, Washington, DC:

Prepared Testimony

The Honorable Ernest J. Moniz, Under Secretary of Energy, U.S. Depart-
ment of Energy, Washington, DC:

Prepared Testimony

The Honorable David M. Gardiner, Assistant Administrator for Policy,

Planning and Evaluation U.S. Environmental, Protection Agency,

Washington, DC:

Prepared Testimony

Mr. Gary R. Bachula, Acting Under Secretary for Technology, U.S. De-

partment of Commerce, Washington, DC:

Prepared Testimony

Relationship of Senate Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol to the FY

1999 Budget Submission

Dependence of Budget Initiatives on Proposed Tobacco Settlement

Differences Between Climate Change Technology Initiative and Cli-

mate Change Action Plan

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U.S. Capability of Meeting Kyoto Protocol Emissions Target

Creation of Markets for Alternative Vehicles

Role of Federal Government in Automotive Industry Infrastructure

Page

Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Submitted by Members of the Committee

The Honorable John H. Gibbons, Assistant to the President for Science

and Technology, and Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy ..

Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Submitted by Chairman F. James

Sensenbrenner, Jr.:

"Clear and Compelling Evidence” That Human Activities Are Caus-

ing Climate Change

Climate Change and Extreme Events

Documentation of 1997 Temperature Statistics

"1997 Warmest Year of Century, NOAA Reports," U.S. Depart-

ment of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-

istration (NOAA) Press Release, NOAA 98-1, January 8, 1998

"Global Temperature Trends," National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA) Goddard Institute for Space Studies

D.E. Parker, E.B. Norton, and M. Gordon, “Global and Regional

Climate in 1997," Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and

Research, Meteorological Office, February 5, 1998

Rob Quayle, Tom Peterson, Catherine Godfrey, and Alan Basist

"The Climate of 1997 Global Temperature Index: 1997 Warm-

est Year of the Century," NOAA Ñational Climatic Data Cen-

ter, January 12, 1998

Land- and Sea-Based Versus Satellite Temperature Measurements

David R. Easterling et al., "Maximum and Minimum Tempera-

ture Trends for the Globe," Science 277, July 18, 1997, pp.

Evidence for Significant Regional Ecosystem Response to Warming

Experienced During the Period 1981-1991

R.B. Myneni et al., "Increased plant growth in the northern

high latitudes from 1981 to 1991,” Nature 386, April 17, 1997,

Records of Total Rainfall and Extreme Rainfall of the United States

Over the Last Century

Thomas R. Karl and Richard W. Knight, "Secular Trends of

Precipitation Amount, Frequency, and Intensity in the United

States," Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 79,

February, 1998, pp. 231-241

Extreme Weather Events

Kevin E. Trenberth, "Conceptual Framework for Changes of Ex-

tremes of the Hydrological Cycle with Climate Change," Cli-

matic Change 36, 1998

IPCC "Business As Usual" Scenario

J. Leggett, W.J. Pepper, and R.J. Smart, "Emissions Scenarios

for the IPCC: an Update," in Climate Change 1992: The Sup-

plementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment, Report

prepared for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

(IPCC) by Working Group I, J.T. Houghton, B.A. Callender

and S.K. Varney, eds. (New York: Cambridge University Press,

1992), pp. 69-95

Valuation of Ecosystems

Robert Constanza et al., "The value of the world's ecosystem

services and natural capital,” Nature 387, May 15, 1997, pp.

Objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Impacts on Global Agricultural Activity

Cynthia Rosenzweig, Martin L. Perry, and Günther Fischer,

"World Food Supply," in As Climate Change: International Im-

pacts and Implications, Kenneth M. Strzepek and Joel B.

Smith, eds. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995),

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