Jack, Homer A., "The Racial Factor in the Veterans Airport Housing Project," (Chicago: Chicago Council Against Racial and Religious Discrimination, December 1946). Johnson, C. P., "Georgetown's Democratic Housing," Interracial Review, (October 1944), pp. 153–155. La Farge, John, "Manhasset Houses Itself," Interracial Review, (February 1949), pp. 22-24. Logan, Milla Z., "Racial Discrimination not Allowed in Marin City Public War Multer, Hon. Abraham J., "The Case for Integrated Housing," Congressional Mummy, Lenore .O., and Phillips, Dorothy, "Negroes as Neighbors," Common Sense, (April 1944), pp. 134–136. Newark, Housing Authority of the City of Newark (New Jersey), Quarterly Bulletin, (July 1951). (Contains "An Evaluation of the Authority's Integration Policy" and an article by the Executive Director, Louis Danzig, "Tenants Become Neighbors.") "Racial Friction is Found Absent in Housing Unit," Herald Tribune, (New York, January 5, 1946). Rouzeau, Edgar T., "South Jamaica Non-Segregated Housing Works," Herald Tribune (New York, April 4, 1948). Ruark, Robert C., "Democracy Works in Rodger Young Village for Vets," The Washington Daily News, (D. C., August 5, 1946). (Syndicated column, Scripps-Howard newspapers.) Seattle, Housing Authority of the City of Seattle, "Some Characteristics of Families Living in Permanent Public War Housing Projects, Seattle May 1950," (Seattle: October 1950), 17 pp. Seattle, Housing Authority of the City of Seattle, "This is Public Housing," 10th Anniversary Report with which is combined the 9th Annual Report, (Seattle: 1950), 30 pp. Seltzer, Charles A., "Mirror of America," The Berea News (Ohio, August 3, 1951). Stewart, Frank, "Christianity's Grass Roots Grow at Berea Homes," The Cleveland Press, (May 14, 1945). The Christian Science Monitor, full page spread, Friday, June 30, 1950, page 9, Second Section. (Including by-line articles by Alice Myers Winther and Bicknell Eubanks.) B. RACIAL INTEGRATION IN HOUSING TECHNIQUES AND STUDIES Deutsch, Morton and Collins, Mary Evans, "Interracial Housing," Journal of Housing, Article I, (January 1950), pp. 14-16, 24; Article II, (March 1950), pp. 86-89; Article III, (April 1950), pp. 127–129, 134. Deutsch, Morton and Collins, Mary Evans, Interracial Housing, A Psychological Study of a Social Experiment, ((Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1951). Isaacs, Reginald R., "Are Urban Neighborhoods Possible?" and "The 'Neighborhood Unit' Is an Instrument for Segregation," Journal of Housing, (July 1948), pp. 177-180; (August 1948), pp. 215-219. Jahoda, Marie and West, Patricia Salter, "Race Relations in Public Housing," The Journal of Social Issues, (Vol. VII, Nos. 1 and 2, 1951), pp. 132–139. Jones, Clifford E., "Invasion and Racial Attitudes: A Study of Housing in a Border City," Social Forces (March 1949), pp. 285–290. Kilbourn, Charlotte, and Lantis, Margaret, "Elements of Tenant Instability in a War Housing Project," American Sociological Review, (February 1946), pp. 57-66. Livermore, Charles, "Segregation Is Not the Answer," American City, (September 1947), pp. 115-116. Merton, Robert K., West, Patricia Salter, and Jahoda, Marie, Patterns of Social Life; Explorations in the Sociology of Housing. (Publication pending.) Nesbitt, George B., "Negro Housing Problem is Complicated by Word Usage," Journal of Housing, (October 1949), pp. 332–333. Post, Langdon W., "Race Relations Training Improves Management Job," Journal of Housing, (June 1, 1947), pp. 175–177. Rutledge, Edward, Integration of Racial Minorities in Public Housing Projects, a Guide for Local Housing Authorities on How to Do it, (New York Field Office: Public Housing Administration, May 1951), 10 pp. Wilkinson, Frank, "The Pied Piper of Ramona Gardens," Journal of Housing, (June 1947), p. 73. C. RACIAL INTEGRATION AND INTERGROUP RELATIONS-GENERAL American Management Association, "The Negro Worker," Special Research Report Number 1, (New York: 1942). American Nurses' Association, “An American Challenge," (New York: American Nurses' Association, 1950). Bell, Juliet O., and Wilkins, Helen J., Interracial Practices in Community Y. W. C. A.'s, (New York: National Board, Young Women's Christian Association, 1944). Davis DuBois, Rachel, Get Together Americans, (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1943). Davis, John A., "How Management Can Integrate Negroes in War Industries," (Albany, New York State War Council, Committee on Discrimination in Employment: 1942). Desser, Hanna F., and Phillips, Ethel C., "Here's the Way to Secure These Rights," (Cincinnati: Women's Division of Christian Service, Board of Missions and Church Extension, The Methodist Church, 1948). Freeman, F. D., "Theory and Strategy of Action in Race Relations," Social Forces, (October 1951), pp. 77–87. Maslow, Will, "Prejudice, Discrimination, and the Law," The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, (May 1951), pp. 9-17. McCulloch, Margaret C., "Segregation: A Challenge to Democracy," (Nashville, Tennessee, Race Relations Department, American Missionary Association, Fisk University, 1950). Minneapolis, Mayor's Council on Human Relations, "Segregation Breeds Prejudice," (Minneapolis: March 1951), 3 pp. Murphy, Gardner, "The Psychology of Prejudice," United Nations World, (August 1951), pp. 25–28. Rose, Arnold M., "The Negro in Postwar America," Freedom Pamphlets, AntiDefamation League of B'nai B'rith, 1950. 31 pp. Saenger, Gerhart, "How Can We Fight Discrimination?" The Survey (December 1950), pp. 545–548. Washington, D.C., President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, "Freedom to Serve," (Washington: 1950), 82 pp. Williams, Robin M., Jr., "The Reduction of Intergroup Tensions: A Survey of Research on Problems of Ethnic, Racial, and Religious Group Relations," Bulletin 57, Social Science Research Council, (New York, 1947), 153 pp. D. BACKGROUND-RACIAL RELATIONS IN HOUSING Abrams, Charles, "Race Bias in Housing," (New York: American Civil Liberties Union Pamphlet, 1947). Abrams, Charles, "The Segregation Threat in Housing," Commentary, (February 1949), pp. 123–131. Bauer, Catherine, "Good Neighborhoods," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, (November 1945), pp. 104–116. Bauer, Catherine, "Social Questions in Housing and Community Planning," Journal of Social Forces, (Vol. VII, 1 & 2, 1951), pp. 21–25. Clark, Tom C. and Perlman, Philip B., Prejudice and Property, (Washington: Public Affairs Press, 1948). Division of Law and Racial Relations Service, Housing and Home Finance Agency, "Non-Discrimination Clauses in Regard to Public Housing and Urban Redevelopment Undertakings," Washington, D.C., (November 1952), 29 pp. Festinger, Leon; Schachter, Stanley; and Back, Kurt, Social Pressures in Informal Groups, (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1950), 240 pp. (See Catherine Bauer, "Social Research as a Tool for Community Planning," and Robert W. Kennedy, "Sociopsychological Problems of Housing Design.") Housing and Home Finance Agency, "Housing of the Non-white Population 1940 to 1950," (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, July 1952), 42 pp. Hovde, Bryn J., "Report on Population Movements and Housing Trends," (Pittsburgh, Pa.: The Civic Unity Council, 1951). National Community Relations Advisory Council, "Equality of Opportunity in Housing," (New York: June 1952), 66 pp. Racial Relations Service, Housing and Home Finance Agency, "Selected References on Housing of Minorities," Washington, D.C., (September 1951), 60 pp. Weaver, Robert C., The Negro Ghetto, (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1948), 404 pp. E. BACKGROUND-GENERAL FIELD OF RACIAL RELATIONS Alpenfels, E. J., "Sense and Nonsense about Race," (New York: Friendship Press, 1946). Benedict, Ruth and Weltfish, Gene, "The Races of Mankind," (New York: Public Affairs Committee, 1946). Berry, Brewton, Race Relations, (New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1951), 487 pp. Brower, William, "15,000,000 Americans," reprinted from the Toledo Blade (Toledo: Blade Five Inch Books, 1952), 43 pp. Frazier, E. Franklin, The Negro in the United States, (New York: Macmillan Merton, Robert, "The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy," Antioch Review, (Summer 1948). U.S. President's Committee on Civil Rights, To Secure These Rights, The Report of the President's Committee on Civil Rights, (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1947), 178 pp. Every contract made pursuant to this Act for annual contributions for any lowrent housing project initiated after March 1, 1949, shall provide that (c) in the selection of tenants (i) the public housing agency shall not discriminate against families, otherwise eligible for admission to such housing, because their incomes are derived in whole or in part from public assistance and (ii) in initially selecting families for admission to dwellings of given sizes and at specified rents the public housing agency shall (subject to the preferences prescribed in subsection 10(g) of this Act) give preference to families having the most urgent housing needs and thereafter, in selecting families for admission to such dwellings, shall give due consideration to the urgency of the families' housing needs *** (Section 15 (8) (c) United States Housing Act of 1937 As Amended.) Every contract made pursuant to this Act for annual contributions for any low-rent housing project shall require that the public housing agency, as among low-income families which are eligible applicants for occupancy in dwellings of given sizes and at specified rents, shall extend the following preferences in the selection of tenants: First, to families which are to be displaced by any low-rent housing project or by any public slum-clearance or development project initiated after January 1, 1947, or which were so displaced within three years prior to making application to such public housing agency for admission to any low-rent housing; and as among such families first preference shall be given to families of disabled veterans whose disability has been determined by the Veterans' Administration to be service connected, and second preference shall be given to families of deceased veterans and servicemen whose death has been determined by the Veterans' Administration to be service connected, and third preference shall be given to families of other veterans and servicemen; Second, to families of other veterans and servicemen and as among such families first preference shall be given to families of disabled veterans whose disability has been determined by the Veterans' Administration to be service connected, and second preference shall be given to families of deceased veterans and servicemen whose death has been determined by the Veterans' Administration to be service connected. (Section 10(g), United States Housing Act of 1937 As Amended.) B. FEDERAL AGENCY REGULATIONS The following general statement of racial policy shall be applicable to all low-rent housing projects developed and operated under the United States Housing Act of 1937, as amended: "1. Programs for the development of low-rent housing, in order to be eligible for PHA assistance, must reflect equitable provision for eligible families of all races determined on the approximate volume and urgency of their respective needs for such housing. "2. While the selection of tenants and the assigning of dwelling units are primarily matters for local determination, urgency of need and the preferences prescribed in the Housing Act of 1949 are the basic statutory standards for the selection of tenants. (Low-Rent Housing Manual, 102.1, Racial Policy, HHFAPHA, Feb. 21, 1951.) "The housing provided for all races shall be of substantially the same quality, services, facilities, and conveniences with respect to all standards and criteria for planning and designing contained in this manual" (Low-Rent Housing Manual, 207.1, Minimum Physical Standards, HHFA-PHA, Dec. 13, 1949). Defense housing provided directly by the Housing and Home Finance Administrator pursuant to title III of the Defense Housing and Community Facilities and Services Act shall be developed so that it can be readily made available for occupancy by any eligible defense worker. Occupancy of any such defense housing shall not be denied to any eligible defense worker on the basis of race, color, creed, or national origin ("Statement of Policy With Respect to Defense Housing and Community Facilities Assisted or Provided by the Housing and Home Finance Agency Under the Defense Housing and Community Facilities and Services Act of 1951," Nov. 15, 1951). Personnel policy of the Public Housing Administration Nondiscrimination.-Personnel actions within the PHA shall be taken without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin, in accordance with Executive Order 9980 and regulations implementing the Order (PHA Manual of Policy and Procedure, 3110: 1, Nov. 2, 1951). Fair employment practices Purpose. On July 26, 1948, the President issued Executive Order 9980 on "Fair Employment Practices," which states that "the principles on which our Government is based require a policy of fair employment throughout the Federal Establishment, without discrimination because of race, color, religion, or national origin," and that “it is desirable and in the public interest that all steps be taken necessary to insure that this long-established policy shall be more effectively carried out." In accordance with the provisions of the Executive order, and in keeping with previously issued PHA regulations, all personnel actions taken within the PHA (including appointments, transfers, and promotions) shall be taken solely on the basis of merit and fitness without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin (from PHA Manual of Policy and Procedure, 3112: 14, Dec. 6, 1951). Section 304-Nondiscrimination in employment (a) Each contract (other than contracts or purchase orders for the furnishing of standard commercial articles or raw materials) entered into by the local authority in connection with the development or operation of any project shall require that the contractor and his subcontractors will not discriminate, and the local authority in connection with the development or operation of any project shall not itself discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, creed, color, or national origin (from form No. 2172, revised September 1, 1951, "Terms and Conditions," constituting part 2 of an annual contributions contract between local authority and Public Housing Administration). C. EXAMPLES OF STATE LAWS AND CITY ORDINANCES "For all purposes of this chapter, no person shall, because of race, color, creed, or religion, be subjected to any discrimination or segregation" (Public Housing; from Sec. 26FF of ch. 121 of the General Laws of Massachusetts). "The practice of discrimination because of race, color, religion, national origin, or ancestry in any publicly assisted housing accommodations is hereby declared to be against public policy. "The term 'discriminate' includes to segregate or separate (Public Housing; from ch. 287, Laws 1950, New York). 513401 0-598 |