I refer first, Mr. Chairman, to a major point in your bill. For the first time, S. 2333 provides linkage between housing and community development, so that when a community moves forward with its housing plan, the Federal Government, the executive, is required to set aside the kinds of collateral housing commitments that will make housing production a reality.

Under this provision, a community cannot only provide relocation housing but replacement housing and, indeed, deal with the whole question of low- and moderate-income housing needs within the community.

Second, S. 2333 sets time limits on performance, specific time periods for Federal review of applications. We think this is terribly important because time limits indicate that somebody has to move these pieces of paper quickly through the governmental machinery so that localities can get on with the job of community development.

At the local level S. 2333 gives flexibility to the content of the program, which I have already indicated. By virtue of the number of programs consolidated, local flexibility is also increased. Moreover, it gives flexibility in the kinds of ways in which the community can invest to meet its local financial share. Finally, S. 2333 gives flexibility to the community in terms of how it is going to organize to do that job.

But, at the same time, S. 2333 says to the local community that it has to identify its needs and how these needs meet national priorities. At the same time, the community has to demonstrate that it has the capacity and ability to implement a program to meet these needs.

On this same point. Mr. Chairman, S. 2333 recognizes the importance of experience, expertise, and capacity to perform and absorb this money in an efficient manner.

Seventy-five percent of the money authorized under the bill will go to such communities, those with some solid experience in dealing with these programs. Too often, that experience has been described in terms of grantsmanship. Yet, grantsmanship itself is a recognition of the problems at the local level and the locality's determination to obtain Federal funds to implement programs to solve them.

S. 2333 says to those communities-regardless of size-with experience. "Get on with the job."

Those, we think, are the major advantages of this legislation as contrasted with other pieces of legislation before the Congress.

Mr. Chairman, I have a series of charts to my right, which are intended to describe some of the major features of S. 2333 in illustrative

terms.

I don't want to take a great deal of time to go over those, because I know that the committee must get on with other business. I would, however, like to take a few minutes to refer quickly to some major features of what we understand to be the operating implications of the Community Development Assistance Act.

The CHAIRMAN. All right.

Mr. MAFFIN. First of all, I think it is terribly important that the operating implications of S. 2333 be understood, because so often the procedures administrative rules and regulations that result from legislation have as much to do with the product that comes out of those programs as does the legislation itself. And I have here simply tried to identify, in hypothetical terms, a community, "community M." It is a river town, rather large in size. These dotted lines are freeways, this, the river, and the shaded areas are the so-called blighted or deteriorated areas in the community. These filled-in blotches are existing title I urban renewal projects. They may be rehabilitation or clearance projects. The outlined blotches are those areas which are in the planning stage for urban renewal. The black dots indicate other Federal activity, a neighborhood facility are an open space project. This indicates that the community is in fact participating in these programs. An infinite number of projects, sewer and water, and so forth, could be added to the map to point up additional Federal projects.

You have seen and heard described a number of eligible activities, but I want to try to lump them so everybody gets the feel of the comprehensive consolidation which is proposed by this legislation.

In the first place, S. 2333 permits communities to engage in a very vital public function; that is, the development and redevelopment of its land. These are functions which historically have been connected with the urban renewal program, but they are no less involved in rehabilitation, code enforcement, and other such programs. This is the whole land development program which permits cities to acquire and dispose of lands for the development of new uses, both public and private, when such development is necessary in the community's judg ment for the effective survival of that community as an entity.

Secondly, it permits communities to engage in a wide range of rehabilitation and conservation activities, to improve residential and other kinds of properties, through its police power, code enforcement, and other means, including interim assistance to forestall deterioration of areas pending more definitive action. S. 2333 allows communities to engage in a wide variety of public facility development, improvements, and amenities, those kinds of things that make the city work, for example, streets, sewers, streetlights, to eliminate and prevent crime, and open spaces that help ventilate communities, whether they be socalled vest parks, or larger areas.

S. 2333 permits the development of the whole range of so-called public infrastructure. Moreover, it allows the community to provide a range of public services, which will assist the families and persons who are affected by the process of change, resulting from community development. Such public services could encompass the whole relocation assistance program; assistance to effective organized citizens groups who are trying to participate or are participating in the development process; supplementary services which are essential in carrying out the program of change and development, including health, education, supplementary employment, recreational services; and other related activities which a community cannot at all times specify, but which it finds as absolutely essential in the course of carrying out

programs.

Finally, administrative, planning, and evaluation activities are components of a program. This will give the community the capacity to plan a program, to administer that program, and to evaluate it. We think that carrying out these programs on a day-to-day basis, being able to program ahead and being able to look behind and improve future activities based on this past experience are inherent features in any program of assistance. This capability is built into the community development program contained in S. 2333.

Now, just two or three quick notes on the community development

process.

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