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Mr. KURZMAN. And that is necessary, Mr. Chairman, in part, because of the time which has elapsed since the proposal was first introduced.

As I said earlier, when it was introduced, the formula was designed to provide an extra margin of $200 million above what was already appropriated for the 33 programs that would be consolidated in this bill.

Chairman PERKINS. Mr. Quie.

Mr. QUIE. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

I will yield to the gentleman from New York for a question, but first I want to say that for a long time I have been for consolidation of the categorical programs, and what you two gentlemen have given to us this morning is the best statement I have ever seen in support of consolidation.

Mr. KURZMAN. Thank you very much.

Mr. QUIE. I know it does not take much to convince me on it, since I was convinced before.

Mr. KURZMAN. Your leadership on the subject is well known.
Mr. QUIE. I think it is the direction that we have to go.

I am convinced the Federal Government will have to assume more than just 7 percent of the elementary and secondary costs, but we just cannot write adequate general aid legislation unless we first consolidate the categorical aid programs and have resolved the question of church and state.

I think you made here another step forward. I will ask some other questions about that, but I promised to yield to my colleague from New York, who has to leave.

Mr. REID. I wish to thank the gentleman for yielding.

I just want to say I am delighted to be here and to hear the thoughtful testimony from Secretary Kurzman and Commissioner Marland. I just want to ask whether either of you could present briefly a general status report including specific economic facts on the school districts across the country, specifically, how critical is their condition, and to the extent you think it appropriate, we would welcome any figures you could subsequently submit. My impression is that school districts across the country are increasingly in great difficulty, and certainly this is true in a number in New York. Any economic facts on that would be most welcome.

Commissioner MARLAND. Congressman, we are not in a position to deliver detailed facts.

I could give you a position from my point of view, which I think equips me to make such judgments. I would have to testify that conditions are very grave in many of our communities around the country, and especially in the big cities.

My work in the past week has taken me across the country from Portland, Ore., to Chicago, to New York. It is no accident that in those communities I was surrounded by very anxious school board members, very anxious leaders in those communities, very anxious community press, wondering what is going to happen. I can assure you the conditions are grave and I can assure you the administration is taking them with equal seriousness.

Mr. REID. Thank you.

Mr. QUIE. Now, I would like to pursue the question of nonpublic school children a little bit more.

Could you go into a little more detail, or at least express yourself on the results of this proposed exchange in two regards.

First, the change in title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, where now there is no bypass available. As you know, this is the most sizable chunk of money there is in the field of elementary education. Second, in title III, which I understand will be over in the renewal centers. How will this new concept of the bypass be utilized in all of the programs, except Impact Aid? How will it affect your centers to give some assistance to the nonpublic schoolchildren?

Commissioner MARLAND. I would like to introduce Dr. Mattheis to answer that.

Mr. QUIE. I would like to introduce him too.

He is the former Commissioner of Education of Minnesota, and the best Commissioner of Education we have had in Minnesota.

Prior to that, he was the superintendent of schools in a fine community in Minnesota, and I am especially interested that he answer this question because the nonpublic schools do not like him very well. Dr. MATTHEIS. Mr. Chairman, Congressman Quie, members of the committee, I think that there is a new breakthrough in the legislation that we have before us with regard to the nonpublic schools.

You are correct in stating that under title I there is not very much involvement of nonpublic schools at present.

We recognize this as a great concern, and we are trying to improve that status.

There are several problems associated with it, one of which is identification of disadvantaged students in the nonpublic school who should be eligible.

There are not the kind of assessments made in the public schools or nonpublic schools to identify these children.

This identification would open up those funds to the kind of followthrough program by which the Secretary furnishes services to children in the nonpublic schools which were not being served.

This is a very great change indeed.

Under title III programs that you alluded to, in fact, our present stature is to move only 15 percent, the Commissioner's discretionary funds, to the renewal centers.

It has not been determined at this point to move into the program the 85 percent, which now is at the discretion of the States so we would not contemplate any change in that program, but, in fact, title III would be the basis for the relationship with the nonpublic schools in the legislation.

Mr. QUIE. In title I, there is a requirement that the public schools give equitable, I may not be using the right word, comparable assistance to the nonpublic school children. If they are not doing it, and there are many reasons for not doing it, would this authority allow the schools to come directly to the Secretary similar to the provisions in title II?

Commissioner MARLAND. It is not precisely that way.

It would be in the case where a review of the local state legal authorities demonstrated that they were unable within their laws to deal directly with nonpublic schools. Under those circumstances the Secretary would then set aside the proportionate amounts of money to which those schools would be eligible, and deal directly with those schools.

Only when the laws of the State would prohibit, as is the case with two or three States, the distribution of public funds to nonpublic schools

Mr. QUIE. Could I just make one statement.

If the school district can under its own laws provide the comparable services, for the nonpublic schools, you will require them to do that, as it is required now?

Commissioner MARLAND. Well

Mr. QUIE. Only to the extent the attorneys say you are able to do it, you will bypass that.

Commissioner MARLAND. To modify your statement very slightly, you said provide for the schools, and we would say to provide for the eligible children in those schools.

Chairman PERKINS. Mrs. Green.

Mrs. GREEN. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.

I listened with great interest to Doctor Kurzman and to Doctor Marland and I am very sympathetic to some of the general questions which you have outlined, because I think that the innumerable categorical programs cannot continue. We certainly cannot keep adding to the number of categorical mechanisms and expect any wise use of funds. You have stated that you would phase out, or would replace 33 of the categorical programs.

Since you speak so disrespectfully of the categorical approach, why do you propose to phase out 33 programs, and yet retain 67 programs? That does not, in my book, give you quite a passing grade.

Commissioner MARLAND. That needs more explanation, Congresswoman Green.

There are 33 programs in the Office of Education that relate to elementary and secondary formula grants.

The remaining 66 or more programs relate to other things in the Office of Education, as distinct from elementary and secondary formula grants, such as higher education and bilingual education. These are not affected. Those affected are formula grants that are customarily distributed in categorical terms, totaling in all 33 that relate to elementary and secondary.

There is no decision as to which one stays or goes. All formula grants for elementary and secondary are included in this.

Mr. KURZMAN. That represents something like two-thirds of the funds expended by the Office of Education. These 33 programs are the big items.

Mrs. GREEN. You are saying that 33 represents the total number of categorical programs in elementary and secondary education?

Mr. KURZMAN. It is the total number of formula grants for elementary and secondary education which represents the bulk of OE's funding.

It excludes the project grants.

Mrs. GREEN. I will be interested in seeing the actual list.

It seems to me that the number is actually higher but I may be wrong.

Commissioner MARLAND. We will be glad to submit that list for the

record.

Chairman PERKINS. Without objection, the list will be submitted for the record.

You send it to me, and I will see that it is included in the record.

it.

Mr. QUIE. We will put it in at this point.

Mrs. GREEN. If you would also send me a copy, I would appreciate

Sometimes I never see items which have been requested by the committee and are subsequently sent up here.

(The list referred to follows:)

EXISTING EDUCATION PROGRAMS REPEALED BY EDUCATION REVENUE SHARING Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965

Title I-Education of the Disadvantaged

Title II-School Library Resources, Textbooks, and other Instructional

Materials

Title III-Supplementary Educational Centers and Services; Guidance, Counseling, and Testing

Title V-Strengthening State and Local Educational Agencies

Education of the Handicapped Act

Part B-Assistance to States for Education of Handicapped Children

The Smith Hughes Act (Vocational Education Act of 1917)

Public Law 81-874

Section 3(a)-Children of persons who reside and work on Federal property Section 3(b)-Children of persons who reside or work on Federal property Section 4-Sudden and substantial increases in attendance

National Defense Education Act of 1958

Title III-Financial Assistance for Strengthening Instruction in Science, Mathematics, Modern Foreign Languages, and other Critical Subjects

Education Professions Development Act

Part A-General Provisions

Part B-State vocational education programs

Part C-Research and training in vocational education

Part D-Exemplary programs and projects

Part E-Residential vocational education

Part F-Consumer and homemaking education

Part G-Cooperative vocational education programs

Part H-Work-study programs for vocational education students

Part I-Curriculum development in vocational and technical education

Adult Education Act (except for Sec. 309: Special Experimental Demonstration Projects and Teacher Training)

Public Law 81-815 (except for sections 9, 10, 14, and 16)

Child Nutrition Act of 1966

Section 5-Nonfood Assistance Program
Section 7-State Administrative Expenses

National School Lunch Act

Section 4 Apportionments to States

Section 5-Nonfood Assistance

Section 7-Payments to States

Section 8-State Disbursement to Schools

Section 10-Nonprofit Private Schools

Mrs. GREEN. You also state that educational programs are administered through 26 other Federal agencies.

What will your proposal be with regard to those educational programs?

Commissioner MARLAND. At this stage, it does not embrace those other programs.

We only cite that as a condition equally difficult in terms of relationships that surround the local administrator, the State offices, as

they attempt to deal with these programs in the Department of Agriculture, the Department of the Interior, and so on. We are simply a part of the problem, and we are trying to solve our part.

It may be useful to you to know that the organization known as the Federal Inter-Agency Committee on Education, consisting of 24 different departments and agencies of Government, is considering this issue as one of its many topics. It is trying to bring simplistic and efficient solutions to some of these problems among us.

Mrs. GREEN. It seems to me that you are really misleading the public, if you talk about revenue sharing and elimination of categorical programs, while, at the same time, proposing nothing with regard to those educational programs administered in all of the other agencies. You would still have numerous categorical programs, and you will not solve the basic problem until you touch on those programs as well. Mr. KURZMAN. Mrs. Green, we have proposed in our bill to create a new Department of Human Resources, which is pending before the Government Operations Committees in both Houses to bring many of those special programs both in higher education and in elementary and secondary education under the umbrella of the Department of Human Resources.

Mrs. GREEN. I am not sure that legislative proposal has much future so I suggest you look at another kind of reorganization that would accomplish the purpose.

May I ask you if you think that the material you have presented to the committee this morning will represent your views come next March, when the task force has completed its study? Surely the Office of Education is giving great consideration to the Serrano decision in California, which is now under appeal, the Minnesota case, and a case in Oregon, all having tremendous impact on the financial support of elementary and secondary education. In other words, if I understand your response to the chairman's question, and also to Mr. Quie's, your statements this morning do not envision going beyond the 7 percent contribution of the Federal Government?

You are saying you are going to reorganize the existing programs, making up 7 percent of the Federal contribution to education. In your proposal for revenue sharing, do you intend to go beyond 7 percent? Mr. KURZMAN. Mrs. Green, we have already gone beyond 7 percent in respect to general revenue sharing, which, as you know, would provide aid to State and local governments in the original proposal.

Mrs. GREEN. But in terms of special revenue sharing for education? Mr. KURZMAN. In addition we have proposed $5 billion in consideration of how much State and local governments now contribute to local education agencies.

Mrs. GREEN. General revenue sharing is $5 billion?

Mr. KURZMAN. That is correct.

Mrs. GREEN. In my judgment, to meet the desperate needs of the school districts of the country, that are closing early and turning kids out on the street, $5 billion really would be required just for elementary and secondary education. It seems to me, until the administration is ready to reevaluate their recommendations, we are not going to find any cooperation between the legislative and the executive branch.

I cannot vote for a bill that continues the 7 percent contribution to the cost of education at the elementary and secondary level, with the

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