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and extending northward from the Zoological Park to the northwest corner of the District. The park is under the joint control of the Commissioners of the District of Columbia and the Chief of Engineers of the United States Army, whose duty it is "to lay out and prepare roadways and bridle paths, to be used for driving and for horseback riding, respectively, and footways for pedestrians.

991

1AN ACT authorizing the establishing of a public park in the District of Columbia.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That a tract of land lying on both sides of Rock Creek, beginning at Klingle Ford Bridge, and running northwardly, following the course of said creek, of a width not less at any point than six hundred feet, nor more than twelve hundred feet, including the bed of the creek, of which not less than two hundred feet shall be on either side of said creek, south of Broad Branch road and Blagden Mill road and of such greater width north of said roads as the commissioners designated in this act may select, shall be secured, as hereinafter set out, and be perpetuallly dedicated and set apart as a public park or pleasure ground for the benefit and enjoyment of the people of the United States, to be known by the name of Rock Creek Park: Provided, however, That the whole tract so to be selected and condemned under the provisions of this act shall not exceed two thousand acres nor the total cost thereof exceed the amount of money herein appropriated.

SEC. 2. That the Chief of Engineers of the United States Army, the Engineer Commissioner of the District of Columbia, and three citizens to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, be, and they are hereby, created a commission to select the land for said park, of the quantity and within the limits aforesaid, and to have the same surveyed by the assistant to the said Engineer Commissioner of the District of Columbia in charge of public highways, which said assistant shall also act as executive officer to the said commission.

SEC. 3. That the said commission shall cause to be made an accurate map of said Rock Creek Park, showing the location, quantity, and character of each parcel of private property to be taken for such purpose, with the names of the respective owners inscribed thereon, which map shall be filed and recorded in the public records of the District of Columbia, and from and after the date of filing said map the several tracts and parcels of land embraced in said Rock Creek Park shall be held as condemned for public uses, and the title thereof vested in the United States, subject to the payment of just compensation, to be determined by said commission, and approved by the President of the United States: Provided, That such compensation be accepted by the owner or owners of the several parcels of land.

That if the said commission shall be unable by agreement with the respective owners to purchase all of the land so selected and condemned within thirty days after such condemnation, at the price approved by the President of the United States, it shall, at the expiration of such period of thirty days, make application to the supreme court of the District of Columbia, by petition, at a general or special term, for an assessment of the value of such land as it has been unable to purchase.

Said petition shall contain a particular description of the property selected and condemned, with the name of the owner or owners thereof, if known, and their residences, as far as the same may be ascertained, together with a copy of the recorded map of the park; and the said court is hereby authorized and required, upon such application, without delay, to notify the owners and occupants of the land, if known, by personal service, and if unknown, by service by publication, and to ascertain and assess the value of the land so selected and condemned, by appointing three competent and disinterested commissioners to appraise the value or values thereof, and to return the appraisement to the court; and when the value or values of such land are

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Rock Creek Park is unimproved save for a single road now building along the right bank of the creek and one or two roads crossing the

thus ascertained, and the President of the United States shall decide the same to be reasonable, said value or values shall be paid to the owner or owners, and the United States shall be deemed to have a valid title to said land; and if in any case the owner or owners of any portion of said land shall refuse or neglect, after the appraisement of the cash value of said lands and improvements, to demand or receive the same from said court, upon depositing the appraised value in said court to the credit of such owner or owners, respectively, the fee simple shall in like manner be vested in the United States.

SEC. 4. That said court may direct the time and manner in which possession of the property condemned shall be taken or delivered, and may, if necessary, enforce any order or issue any process for giving possession.

In

SEC. 5. That no delay in making an assessment of compensation, or in taking possession, shall be occasioned by any doubt which may arise as to the ownership of the property, or any part thereof, or as to the interests of the respective owners. such cases the court shall require a deposit of the money allowed as compensation for the whole property or the part in dispute. In all cases as soon as the said commission shall have paid the compensation assessed, or secured its payment by a deposit of money under the order of the court, possession of the property may be taken. All proceedings hereunder shall be in the name of the United States of America and managed by the commission.

SEC. 6. That the commission having ascertained the cost of the land, including expenses, shall assess such proportion of such cost and expenses upon the lands, lots, and blocks situated in the District of Columbia specially benefited by reason of the location and improvement of said park, as nearly as may be, in proportion to the benefits resulting to such real estate.

If said commission shall find that the real estate in said District directly benefited by reason of the location of the park is not benefited to the full extent of the estimated cost and expenses, then they shall assess each tract or parcel of land specially benefited to the extent of such benefits as they shall deem the said real estate specially benefited. The commission shall give at least ten days' notice, in one daily newspaper published in the city of Washington, of the time and place of their meeting for the purpose of making such assessment and may adjourn from time to time till the same be completed. In making the assessment the real estate benefited shall be assessed by the description as appears of record in the District on the day of the first meeting; but no error in description shall vitiate the assessment: Provided, That the premises are described with substantial accuracy. The commission shall estimate the value of the different parcels of real estate benefited as aforesaid and the amount assessed against each tract or parcel, and enter all in an assessment book. All persons interested may appear and be heard. When the assessment shall be completed it shall be signed by the commission, or a majority (which majority shall have power always to act), and be filed in the office of the clerk of the supreme court of the District of Columbia. The commissión shall apply to the court for a confirmation of said assessment, giving at least ten days' notice of the time thereof by publication in one daily newspaper published in the city of Washington, which notice shall state in general terms the subject and the object of the application.

The said court shall have power, after said notice shall have been duly given, to hear and determine all matters connected with said assessment; and may revise, correct, amend, and confirm said assessment, in whole or in part, or order a new assessment, in whole or in part, with or without further notice or on such notice as it shall prescribe; but no order for a new assessment in part, or any partial adverse action, shall hinder or delay confirmation of the residue, or collection of the assess

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PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

park from east to west, built for the sake of giving access between the eastern and western portions of the District that have long been cut

ment thereon.

Confirmation of any part of the assessment shall make the same a

lien on the real estate assessed.

The assessment, when confirmed, shall be divided into four equal installments, and may be paid by any party interested in full or in one, two, three, and four years, on or before which times all shall be payable, with six per centum annual interest on all deferred payments. All payments shall be made to the Treasurer of the United States, who shall keep the account as a separate fund. The orders of the court shall be conclusive evidence of the regularity of all previous proceedings necessary to the validity thereof, and of all matters recited in said orders. The clerk of said court shall keep a record of all proceedings in regard to said assessment and confirmation. The commission shall furnish the said clerk with a duplicate of its assessment book, and in both shall be entered any change made or ordered by the court as to any real estate. Such book filed with the clerk when completed and certified shall be prima facie evidence of all facts recited therein. In case assessments are not paid as aforesaid the book of assessments certified by the clerk of the court shall be delivered to the officer charged by law with the duty of collecting delinquent taxes in the District of Columbia, who shall proceed to collect the same as delinquent real estate taxes are collected. No sale for any installment of assessment shall discharge the real estate from any subsequent installment; and proceedings for subsequent installments shall be as if no default had been made in prior ones.

All money so collected may be paid by the Treasurer on the order of the commission to any persons entitled thereto as compensation for land or services. Such order on the Treasurer shall be signed by a majority of the commission and shall specify fully the purpose for which it is drawn. If the proceeds of assessment exceed the cost of the park the excess shall be used in its improvement, under the direction of the officers named in section eight, if such excess shall not exceed the amount of ten thousand dollars. If it shall exceed that amount, that part above ten thousand dollars shall be refunded ratably. Public officers performing any duty hereunder shall be allowed such fees and compensation as they would be entitled to in like cases of collecting taxes. The civilian members of the commission shall be allowed ten dollars per day each for each day of actual service. Deeds made to purchasers at sales for delinquent assessments hereunder shall be prima facie evidence of the right of the purchaser, and anyone claiming under him, that the real estate was subject to assessment and directly benefited, and that the assessment was regularly made; that the assessment was not paid; that due advertisement had been made; that the grantee in the deed was the purchaser or assignee of the purchaser, and that the sale was conducted legally.

Any judgment for the sale of any real estate for unpaid assessments shall be conclusive evidence of its regularity and validity in all collateral proceedings except when the assessment was actually paid, and the judgment shall estop all persons from raising any objection thereto, or to any sale or deed based thereon, which existed at the date of its rendition, and could have been presented as a defense to the application for such judgment.

To pay the expenses of inquiry, survey, assessment, cost of lands taken, and all other necessary expenses incidental thereto, the sum of one million two hundred thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated: Provided, That onehalf of said sum of one million two hundred thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be expended, shall be reimbursed to the Treasury of the United States out of the revenues of the District of Columbia, in four equal annual installments, with interest at the rate of three per centum per annum upon the deferred payments: And

PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

13

off by the park. Rock Creek Park as it exists to-day is practically isolated, the only public entrance to it being through the Zoological Park. Capt. Lansing H. Beach, the Engineer Commissioner of the District of Columbia, replying to inquiries of Senator McMillan in the letter dated February 2, 1901, says:

Massachusetts avenue, Connecticut avenue, and Sixteenth street are likely to become main drives or thoroughfares, and it is important to provide means of quickly and easily reaching the park in leaving the city by those avenues. Following Sixteenth street, the first and most natural entrance to Rock Creek Valley is where Sixteenth street crosses Piney Branch.. An excellent grade can be obtained by following Piney Branch, and the natural scenery along such road makes it a desirable addition to Rock Creek Park.

Probably it will be thought judicious to extend this farther up the valley of the Piney Branch, certainly to Fourteenth street and possibly beyond that point. Captain Beach further says:

Following Connecticut avenue, it is found that the elevation of the avenue precludes any natural entrance into Rock Creek Valley until the ravine leading toward Rock Creek and lying north of the Zoological Park is reached. The first natural entrance is noted on the map as starting from a point near Cleveland Park and running to the Klingle road, at the southern boundary of Rock Creek Park. It follows a natural depression, affords a good grade, and is capable of being made into an exceedingly pretty and picturesque drive. It has the advantage of reaching the extreme southern limit of the park, thus affording entrance at a very desirable point. It is to be noted also that the entrance from Connecticut avenue is almost opposite the one on Sixteenth street leading down Piney Branch Valley.

This entrance has already been laid out and is to-day more park-like in appearance than the park itself.

The proposition to purchase the lands along this ravine came before Congress at the recent session; and while it was admitted that the purchase must be made at an early date, it was not thought judicious to buy land at that time. It is probable that the new Bureau of Standards will take a portion of this land for a building, to cost $250,000, which provided further, That one-half of the sum which shall be annually appropriated and expended for the maintenance and improvement of said lands as a public park shall be charged against and paid out of the revenues of the District of Columbia, in the manner now provided by law in respect to other appropriations for the District of Columbia, and the other half shall be appropriated out of the Treasury of the United States.

SEC. 7. That the public park authorized and established by this act shall be under the joint control of the Commissioners of the District of Columbia and the Chief of Engineers of the United States Army, whose duty it shall be, as soon as practicable, to lay out and prepare roadways and bridle paths, to be used for driving and for horseback riding, respectively, and footways for pedestrians; and whose duty it shall also be to make and publish such regulations as they deem necessary or proper for the care and management of the same. Such regulations shall provide for the preservation from injury or spoliation of all timber, animals, or curiosities within said park, and their retention in their natural condition, as nearly as possible.

Approved, September 27, 1890.

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PARK SYSTEM OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

building would naturally and almost of necessity be in one of the parks in order to secure the necessary seclusion, light, and air. Further, Captain Beach says:

Following the line of Massachusetts avenue, the natural entrance to the park is, of course, along the banks of Rock Creek, and the extension of the Zoological Park to Massachusetts avenue has been suggested a number of times in previous years. The parties owning the land embraced within the several proposed extensions are, as far as known to the office, gentlemen of public spirit, who would be willing to sell the land at very reasonable rates.

Under these conditions it would seem to be good public policy to acquire the land as soon as possible, as land values are probably much less now than they will be if the acquirement of the property is postponed for any length of time. Parties owning the land adjacent to Connecticut avenue have offered it at a price which is believed to be considerably less than that on the surrounding property; and as the tract has been much improved, this is an exceedingly good chance to obtain possession of the ground. They also offer to dedicate streets on each side, as shown by the highwayextension plans.

A large part of the connection with Massachusetts avenue is held by a gentleman who has informed the Commissioners that the ground was purchased by him with the idea that it would eventually go to the park and that it can be obtained at any time at the price he paid for it some years ago. The owners of a large portion of the tract along Piney Branch leading to Sixteenth street have informed the Commissioners that they are willing to sell at a very reasonable rate.

FORT DRIVE.

North of the city and near the District line is a chain of forts that were constructed during the rebellion for the defense of Washington. Among these is Fort Stevens, where President Lincoln was under fire. Several of those earthworks are now in a fairly good state of preservation. Fort Reno is the site of a Government reservation, another of the forts is within Rock Creek Park, and still others are adjacent to the streets laid down in the highway-extension plans. A statement has been prepared giving the history of these forts and the public expressions of opinion favoring a drive to connect them.1

CONNECTION BETWEEN ROCK CREEK PARK AND THE SOLDIERS' HOME GROUNDS.

The connection between Rock Creek and the Soldiers' Home grounds is a subject that will force itself upon the consideration of the commission.

RECLAMATION OF THE ANACOSTIA FLATS.

The reclamation of the Anacostia flats and the creation of a park in the eastern portion of the city, to correspond with Rock Creek Park in the west, is a subject in which there is great popular interest. The Potomac Park was created at the expense entirely of the United States, the appropriations being made in the river and harbor acts from year

1 This statement has been printed for the use of the Senate Committee on the District of Columbia as No. 4 of the park-improvement papers.