civil action, brought in a court of record, except as specially prescribed by law. § 1192. A juror shall not be questioned, and is not subJect to an action, or other liability, civil or criminal, for a verdict rendered by him, in an action in a court of record, or not of record, or in a special proceeding before an officer, except by indictment, for corrupt conduct, in a case prescribed by law. § 1193. A person, drawn or notified to attend, as a trial juror, in an action in a court of record, or not of record, or in a special proceeding before an officer, who takes anything to render his verdict, or receives, from a party to the action or special proceeding, a gift or gratuity, forfeits ten times the sum, or ten times the value of that, which he took or received, to the party to the action or special proceeding, aggrieved thereby; and is also liable to that party, for his damages sustained thereby; besides being subject to the punishment prescribed by law. § 1194. An embraceor, who procures a person, drawn or notified to attend, as a trial juror, to take gain or profit, contrary to the last section, forfeits ten times the sum, or ten times the value of that, which was so taken, to the party aggrieved thereby; and is also liable to that party for his damages sustained thereby; besides being subject to the punishment, prescribed by law. 1195. A person, who has been lawfully and personally notified to attend, as a trial juror, to inquire into a matter or thing, or to hear and try a controversy, in a special proceeding, pending before a judge, justice of the peace, commissioner, or other officer, and who wilfully neglects to attend, as required by the notice, may be fined by the officer, in a sum not exceeding twenty-five dollars. But this section does not extend to a case, where special provision is made by law, for punishing the default of a trial juror. § 1196. A sheriff, constable, or other officer, who notified jurors to attend, in a case specified in the last section, must, when directed by the officer, before whom the special proceeding is pending, attend, and take charge of the jury. For a wilful neglect to obey such a direction, or for any misconduct, while attending the jury, by which a right or remedy of a party to the special proceeding may be impaired or prejudiced, he must be fined by that officer, in a sum not exceeding twenty-five dollars. 1197. Where a fine is imposed, in a case specified in the last two sections, written notice thereof must be served upon the person fined, to the end that he may apply to the officer imposing it, for the remission of the whole or a part thereof, upon proof that he had a reasonable excuse for his neglect or misconduct, or that other good cause exists for the remission. § 1198. If, within thirty days after the service of the notice, the fine has not been remitted by the officer imposing it, he must make a special return of the delinquency or misconduct, for which the fine was imposed, and of the amount of the fine, accompanied with proof, by affidavit, of service of the notice specified in the last section, to the next term of the county court of the county, in which the delinquent resides. $1199. The county clerk must deliver to the district attorney, a copy of the return and of the affidavit, at the time when he delivers to him copies of the minutes of fines, imposed by the county court. The fine must be collected, or it may be remitted or reduced, in the same manner as a fine imposed by the county court, upon a defaulting trial juror. CHAPTER XI. TITLE I.—JUDGMENT IN AN ACTION. TITLE II.-JUDGMENTS TAKEN WITHOUT PROCESS. TITLE I. Judgment in an action. ARTICLE 1. General provisions. 2. Mode of taking, entering, and enforcing a judgment. § 1200. [Am'd 1877.] A judgment is either interlocutory or the final determination of the rights of the parties in the action. § 1201. [Repealed 1877.] § 1202. Judgment may be entered in term or vacation. S1203. Judgment must be entered, in the first instance, pursuant to the direction of the court, at a term held by one judge; except where special provision is otherwise made by law. § 1204. Judgment may be given for or against one or more plaintiffs, and for or against one or more defendants. It may determine the ultimate rights of the parties on the same side, as between themselves; and it may grant, to a defendant, any affirmative relief, to which he is entitled. 26 Hun, 619; 43 Id. 521. 1205. Where the action is against two or more defendants, and a several judgment is proper, the court may, in its discretion, render judgment, or require the plaintiff to take judgment, against one or more of the defendants; and direct that the action be severed, and proceed against the others, as the only defendants therein. 1 Month. L. 60 How. Pr. 498. 47 N. Y.Sup- 1 Month. L. Bul. 14. § 1206. Judgment for or against a married woman, may be rendered and enforced, in a court of record, or not of record, as if she was single. § 1207. Where there is no answer, the judgment shall not be more favorable to the plaintiff, than that demanded in the complaint. Where there is an answer, the court may permit the plaintiff to take any judgment, consistent with the case made by the complaint, and embraced within the issue. 96 N.Y. 108; 5 N. Y. State Rep. 216; 15 Id. 644. § 1208. Where either party is entitled to recover damages, he may recover any rate of damages, which he might have heretofore recovered, for the same cause of action. § 1209. [Am'd 1877.] A final judgment, dismissing the complaint, either before or after a trial, rendered in an action hereafter commenced, does not prevent a new action for the same cause of action, unless it expressly declares or it appears by the judgment-roll, that it is rendered upon the merits. 1210. Where a judgment for a sum of money, or directing the payment of money, is entered against a party, after his death, in a case where it may be so taken, by special provision of law, a memorandum of the party's death must be entered, with the judgment, in the judgment-book, indorsed on the judgment-roll, and noted on the margin of the docket of the judgment. Such a judgment does not become a lien upon the real property, or chattels real, of the decedent; but it establishes a debt, to be paid in the course of administration. § 1211. A judgment for a sum of money, rendered in a court of record, or not of record, or a judgment rendered in a court of record, directing the payment of money, bears interest from the time when it is entered. But where a judgment directs that money paid out shall be refunded or repaid, the direction includes interest from the time when the money was paid, unless the contrary is expressed. ARTICLE SECOND. MODE OF TAKING, ENTERING, AND ENFORCING A JUDGMENT. 1212. Judgment by default, in ? 1220. When action may be severed, if issues of law and issues of fact presented. certain actions on con. 1213. Amount of judgment in 1214. Application to court for 1216. Application for judgment, 1217. Attachment and under- 1218. When judgment cannot 1 1219. When a defendant in de- 1221. Judgment how taken, af ter trial of issues of law and issues of fact, in the same action. 1222. Id.; after trial of issue of law only. Proceedings upon application under the last two sections. 1223. 1224. Id.; upon interlocutory judgment, affirmed on appeal to the general term. 1225. Judgment, after trial by jury of specific questions of fact. 1226. Id.; after reference to determine specific questions of fact. 1227. Id.; upon motion for new trial, heard at general term. 1228. Id.; upon trial by court or referee of the whole issue of fact. 1229. In matrimonial causes, judgment can be rendered only by the court. 1230. Final judgment upon decision or report awarding interlocutory judgment, etc. 1231. Id.; how final judgment entered and settled in certain cases. 1232. Interlocutory reference or inquisition; how reviewed. 1233. Motion for judgment upon a special verdict, etc. 1234. Id.; upon verdict subject to opinion of court. 1235. Interest on verdict, etc.; to be included in recovery. 1236. Clerk to keep judgment- 1242. 1243. 1244. Conveyance ; what to state. § 1212. [Am'd 1877, 1879.] In an action specified in section four hundred and twenty of this act, where the summons was personally served upon the defendant, and a copy of the complaint, or a notice stating the sum of money for which judgment will be taken was served with the summons, or where the defendant has appeared, but has made default in pleading, the plaintiff may take judgment by default, as follows: 1. If the defendant has made default in appearing, the plaintiff must file proof of the service of the summons, and of a copy of the complaint or the notice; and also proof, by affidavit, that the defendant has not appeared. Whereupon the clerk must enter final judgment in his favor. 2. If the defendant has seasonably appeared, but has made default in pleading, the plaintiff must file proof of the service of the summons and of the appearance, or of the appearance only; and also proof, by affidavit, of the default. Whereupon the clerk must enter final judgment in his favor. If the defendant has made default in appearing or pleading, and the case is not one where the clerk can enter final judg ment, as prescribed in either of the foregoing subdivisions of this section, the plaintiff must apply to the court for judgment, as prescribed in section twelve hundred and fourteen of this act. § 1213. Where final judgment may be entered by the clerk, as prescribed in the last section, the amount thereof must be determined as follows: 1. If the complaint is verified, the judgment must be entered for the sum, for which the complaint demands judgment; or, at the plaintiff's option, for a smaller sum; and if a computation of interest is necessary it may be made by the clerk. 2. If the complaint is not verified, the clerk must assess the amount due to the plaintiff, by computing the sum due upon an instrument for the payment of money only, the non-payment of which constitutes a cause of action, stated in the complaint; and by ascertaining, by the examination of the plaintiff, upon oath, or by other competent proof, the amount due to him for any other cause of action, stated in the com 80. plaint. If an instrument, specified in this subdivision, has been lost, so that it cannot be produced to the clerk, he must take proof of its loss, and of its contents. Either party may require the clerk to reduce to writing and file the assessment, and the oral proof, if any, taken thereupon. § 1214. [Am'd 1877.] Where the summons was personally served upon the defendant, within the State, and he has made default in appearing, or where the defendant has appeared, but has made default in pleading; and the case is not one, where the clerk can enter final judgment, as prescribed in the last two sections, the plaintiff must apply to the court for judgment. Upon the application he must file, if the default was in appearing, proof of service of the summons; or, if the default was in pleading, proof of appearance, and also, if a copy of the complaint was demanded, proof of service thereof, upon the defendant's attorney; and in either case, proof, by affidavit, of the default which entitles him to judgment. § 1215. [Am'd 1877.] The court must thereupon render 4 Abb. N. C. the judgment, to which the plaintiff is entitled. It may, without a jury, or with a jury, if one is present in court, make a computation or assessment, or take an account, or proof of a fact, for the purpose of enabling it to render the judgment, or to carry it into effect; or it may, in its discretion, direct a reference, or a writ of inquiry, for either purpose; except that where the action is brought to recover damages for a personal injury, or an injury to property, the damages must be ascertained by means of a writ of inquiry. Where a reference or a writ of inquiry is directed, the court may direct, that the report or inquisition be returned to the court for its further action; or it may, in its discretion, except where special provision is otherwise made by law, omit that direction; in which case, final judgment may be entered by the clerk, in accordance with the report of the referee, or for the damages ascertained by the inquisition, without any further application. 6 Civ. Pro. $66. 132 N.Y. 363. 134 Id. 527. upon § 1216. [Am'd 1877.] Where the summons was served the defendant without the State, or otherwise than perSonally, if the defendant does not demand a copy of the complaint, or plead, as the case requires, within twenty days after the service is complete, the plaintiff may apply to the court for the judgment demanded in the complaint. Upon such an application, he must file proof that the service is complete, and proof, by affidavit of the defendant's default. The court must require proof of the cause of action, set forth in the complaint to be made, either before the court, or before a referee appointed for that purpose. If the defendant is a non-resident, or a foreign corporation, the court must require the plaintiff, or his agent or attorney, to be examined on oath, respecting any payments to the plaintiff, or to any one for his use, on account of his demand, and must render the judgment to which the plaintiff is entitled. But before rendering judgment, the court may, in any case, in its discretion, require the plaintiff to file an undertaking, to abide the order of the court touching the restitution of any estate or effects which may be directed by the judgment to be transferred or delivered, or the restitution of any money that may be collected under or by virtue of the judgment, in case the defendant or his repre |