Chemicals in the Environment: Assessing and Managing RiskRonald E. Hester, R. M. Harrison, Roy M. Harrison Royal Society of Chemistry, 2006 - 158 pages Rising concern in recent years over the possible adverse environmental consequences of the use of chemicals has led to a steady increase in national activity towards greater regulation, in addition to voluntary agreements with manufacturers for risk management of certain products. This book begins by reviewing the current framework of legislation for the regulation of chemicals in the UK and then reports expert views on both the current situation and possible future developments. Subsequent chapters consider some of the scientific and technical issues, including the evaluation of the risks which chemicals can pose to human life and the environment, and the problems relating to evaluating the risks associated with metals in the environment. Finally, the predictive methods used to model the behaviour of organic chemicals within the environment are described.Highly topical, and with authoritative contributions from international experts, this book covers both the scientific underpinning and the legislative and practical issues of this emotive subject. The detailed coverage of a topic that affects many sectors of industry and society will make it popular with a wide audience of individuals from government organisations, industry or academic research - particularly those in environmental chemistry sectors. |
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Contents
The Current Regulation of Environmental Chemicals | 1 |
Protection of the Water Environment | 2 |
Classification and Labelling of Chemicals | 6 |
The Notification of New Substances Regulations | 7 |
Existing Substances Regulations | 8 |
New European Chemicals Policy REACH | 10 |
Other European and UK Regulations on Chemicals | 11 |
International Activities on Chemicals | 13 |
REACH | 40 |
Conclusions | 42 |
References | 43 |
Future Perspectives in Risk Assessment of Chemicals | 45 |
Difficulties in Risk Assessment | 49 |
Current Developments | 54 |
Future Perspectives | 59 |
Conclusions | 61 |
Voluntary Approaches to Control of Chemicals in the Environment | 15 |
References | 18 |
Chemicals Risk Assessment and Management | 21 |
Types of Risk | 24 |
Risks and Hazards | 26 |
The Evidence for Harm Caused by Industrial Chemicals | 29 |
CostBenefit | 34 |
Perception of Chemical Risks and The Roles of the Advocates | 36 |
The Problems in Controlling Risks from Chemicals | 38 |
Industry Initiatives | 39 |
The Changing Face of Chemical Regulation in Europe | 77 |
References | 99 |
Problems with the Application of Traditional | 107 |
Conclusions | 123 |
Partitioning Persistence and LongRange | 132 |
Contents xi | 134 |
Persistence | 142 |
LongRange Transport | 148 |
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Common terms and phrases
applied approach aquatic Assessing Risks Assessment and Management Assessment of Chemicals Assessment of Metals associated bioaccumulation bioavailability biological biomarkers cancer Chem chemical industry Chemicals Risk Assessment Chemistry chronic concern contaminants dangerous substances developed Donald Mackay dose ecological ecosystem emissions endocrine disrupting Environment Agency Environmental Risk Assessment estimated European Commission Eva Webster Evaluation example Existing Substances exposure assessment factors fugacity Half-life hazard human health icals identified impact levels Long-Range Transport Mackay measures ment metal concentrations models octanol OECD organic partition coefficients Persistence and Long-Range persistent organic pollutants pesticides phase Philip Holmes plant Pollution potential predicted properties protection QSAR QSPRs quantities REACH regime Regulation regulatory result risk management risks posed Risks to Human sediment soil solubilities speciation species studies synthetic chemicals Technol testing tion Todd Gouin tonnes toxicity toxicogenomic Toxicol Toxicology uncertainty uptake values