At the close of the Howard University phase of the project, the D.C. Public School System, in cooperation with the Social Research Group of The George Washington University, has provided three years of enriched education for these children. The classroom programs have been enriched by means of additional teaching staff, special equipment and supplies, frequent trips to educational and recreational facilities and the provision of essential social services to the children and their families. Individual mental tests have been administered to this experimental group and a control group at yearly intervals since the beginning of the program. The criteria necessary to the definitive evaluation of the success of the project will not be available, however, until all the children have completed at least three years in public school, when the extent of the pre-school and subsequent educational enrichment will be measured in terms of school performance and achievement. Feb. 1, 1964_ $84,191 103,039 40,150 53,708 65,478 Principal investigators: Elizabeth Prescott, Research Director, Elizabeth Jones, Institution: Pacific Oaks College, 714 West California Blvd., Pasadena, California. The purpose of this study is to describe the institutional framework within which day care programs operate. The final report will be organized around two basic questions: How does a community get day care? and What factors determine quality in day care programs? To answer these questions we have developed a conceptual framework and gathered data on the history of group day care, on individual centers under different types of sponsorship, on the role of public agencies in administration, licensing, and legislation, on teacher education, and on professional leadership in day care. We are proposing that day care, because of its marginal status, will not be characterized by high quality unless program goals are clearly formulated and are implemented by effective leadership. Title: Predictability in Adoption-Delaware Family Study. Principal investigators: Project director, Byron W. Lindholm, Ph.D. Full-time research worker, Gary C. Dolde, M.S.W., Part-time research workers Sally Diodato, M.S.W. Other professional personnel: Barbara Green, M.S. W., Phoebe Gesregan, M.S.W., Carol Snow, M.S.S., Mildred Stern, M.S.W., Elizabeth von Frankenberg, M.S.S. Institution: Children's Bureau of Delaware, 1310 Delaware Avenue, Wilmington, Delaware. The basic purpose of this study is to determine some of the factors before placement that can be used to predict successful adoptions and to identify some of the differences and similarities that exist between adoptive and natural families. Data are collected before placement on children and families being considered for adoption by the Children's Bureau of Delaware and are related to later data gathered on these same individuals six months after placement as well as when the children are 2, 5, 8, 11, and 14 years of age. Similar data are collected on natural children and families just before and just after birth as well as at 2, 5, 8, 11, and 14 years of age. The adoptive families consist mainly of white families with children who are placed for adoption as infants, although there are also families with older children and negro families in the project. In addition, data are collected on adoptive families who declined to continue in the project after adoption, children not placed for adoption, and families whose applications for adoption were rejected or withdrawn. Title: Group care of infants-a demonstration project. Professional personnel: Dr. Elizabeth L. Ford, M.D., Medical Advisor; Mrs. Institution: Institute for Child and Family Development. Enrollment in the Nursery Center has increased to a total of 31, including now a group of three-year-olds. One-fourth of the children are from low-income families. The Home Study group has been enlarged accordingly, with matching subjects. Daily health records covering a period of fifteen months to evaluate provision of Sick Bay indicate an "illness rate" of only seven per cent. Matched pairs of babies show no systematic differences between Center and Home children in mental, motor, and social test performance. In preparation are: (1) Handbook for Training of Non-Professional Staff; (2) Hints for Health Protection of Infants in Group Care; and (3) Criteria ("standards") for the care of Infants and Toddlers in Groups (part of a statewide effort to revise standards for licensing daytime facilities for children. Plans are being made to phase out federal support for the project in June 1970. January 1, 1966. January 1, 1968. July 1, 1968- $ 22, 290 108, 385 58,399 147, 130 120, 734 Title: Field Study of the Neighborhood Family Day Care System (R-287). Principal investigators: Arthur C. Emlen, Ph. D., Project Director; Alice H. Collins, ACSW, Director, Day Care Neighbor Service; Eunice L. Watson, ACSW, Consultant, Day Care Neighbor Service; Betty Donoghue, B.A., Research Associate; Rolfe LaForge, Ph. D., Prof. Psy., U. of Portland-Statistician/Methodologist; Paul Bamford, B.A., Research Assistant; Joseph LeBaron, Research Assistant. Institution: Tri-County Community Council, 718 S.W. Burnside, Portland, Oregon. Project office: 2856 N.W. Savier, Portland, Oregon. The problem of discontinuity of care in private family day care arrangements is the focus of research on how neighborhood intervention can stabilize and enrich child care situations. The Day Care Neighbor Service, developed by the Day Care Exchange Project (D-135), provides consultation to a network of neighborhood women in a two-year replication demonstrating that one consultant through 12 Day Care Neighbors can reach 600 families. The second two-year phase proposes replication under the auspices of a Public Welfare contribution to the Portland Model Cities Program, a group day care facility, an elementary school system, and a state day care program. Research on the social processes by which family day care arrangements of different types are made, maintained, and discontinued, predicts continuity by multivariate analysis from sources of stability and instability in the circumstances, attitudes, and social interaction behaviors of mothers and sitters. Pilot study interviews with 146 working mothers, and 106 care givers were factor analyzed for scale development for use in a panel study of mother-sitter pairs followed for one arrangement. A proposed two-year continuation will make special comparisons of discontinuous and low quality care and explore how protective responsibilities are assumed informally by neighborhood women. Title: A Work-Related Child Development Center. Principal investigators: David F. Hawkins, Associate Professor, Business Administration, Harvard Business School; John W. Jordan, Assistant Dean, College of Business Adm., Northeastern Univ.; Thomas Raymond, Professor, Business Administration, Harvard Business School; F. Kate Bulls, KLH Child Development Center, Inc. Institution: KLH Child Development Center, Inc., 30 Cross Street, Cambridge, Mass. The primary goal of this research will be to describe and to evaluate those unique elements of the KLH Child Development Center, Inc.'s demonstration project which flow from educationally oriented day care in an industrial setting. The research will be broken into two segments. The first to be completed April, 1969 and the second by April, 1970. The initial segment will assume the Center has a satisfactory viable educationally-oriented day care program. Consequently, it will focus on the involvement of industry in the field of pre-school education as a unique feature of the national day care program. Accordingly, the first report due April, 1969 will analyze the reasons why the government and private sectors became interested in child day care (CDC) and will also document the critical decision points in the creation of the KLH Child Development Center, Inc. (KLH CDC) In the second report due in April, 1970 the research team will present data which will provide cost-benefit analysis from the varying points of view of the government and industry sectors with particular emphasis on the KLH Research and Development Corp. in order to evaluate the investment worthiness of such programs. This report will also examine the sociological and educational aspects of the program. July 1, 1967 $110,000 112, 118 147, 782 Title: Aiding Cognitive Growth in Disadvantaged Preschoolers. Institution: Family Service Association of Nassau County, Inc., Mineola, New During 1967-1968, the Verbal Interaction Project studied the intellectual and verbal effects on 54 low-income preschoolers of a home-based cognitive intervention fostering verbal interaction in mother-child dyads. The subjects were divided into an Experimental and two Comparison Groups, with one of the latter receiving home visits without stimulation of verbal interaction. Dyads were tested before and after seven months of intervention. The E Group demonstrated highly significant cognitive gains on verbal and general intelligence tests as compared to the other two groups. In 1968-1969, the investigation of the same cognitive intervention program was replicated, with one major change (besides elimination of home visits without stimulation of verbal interaction); the substitution of paid (previous E Group mother-participants) and unpaid (agency volunteers) non-professional personnel for the research social workers, to investigate the competence of such personnel to produce similar results under the supervision of the professional staff. The third year of research, 1969-1970, will continue the intervention program to test out the training and paid employment of additional non-professional per 39-081-70-pt. 1--18 sonnel with limited education and job experience, the best means of program dissemination, the expansion of the subject population, the reinforcement of gains and to serve as a demonstration program for providing consultation to interested agencies. At the same time, follow-up studies of former subjects will be conducted. Title: Early Child Stimulation Through Parent Education. A group of 21 women, from disadvantaged backgrounds have been trained to perform the role of Parent Educator, a new career. They teach mothers at home a series of stimulation experiences and tasks designed to increase the cognitive and affective development of the child and competence and feelings of self-worth of the mother. Stimulation begins at three months of age and terminates when the child reaches two. This project investigates the effectiveness of the use of the non-professional in a parent education role. Approximately 270 disadvantaged families are in experimental or control groups all located in 12 counties in the vicinity of Gainesville, Florida, and drawn from rural, small-town and small-city backgrounds. Treatment variables are type, content, length, and presence of instruction; dependent variables are changes in mother and child. Certain environmental settings will also be examined for their effect. Data on the effects of the program of those children who have reached one year of age indicate differences in intellectual development between experimental and control children. Results will be of both a basic and applied nature; increasing understanding of child development, effects of environmental intervention, and the creation of new career roles. July 1, 1967__ July 1, 1968_ $158, 767 156, 448 Title: Day Care for Children of Mothers Training or Employed. Principal investigators: Project staff to be employed. Mr. George Perkins, Acting Commissioner. Institution: Kentucky Department of Child Welfare, 403 Wapping Street, Frankfort, Kentucky. Day care will be provided as a part of the Neighborhood Service Center program designed to bring the resources of all major service systems to neighborhoods where poor people live by housing these services in a common facility, and to coordinate the services to meet the needs of every individual. Since one of the major focuses of the overall design is training and placing women in the labor force, day care is essential to the success and effectiveness of the program. This project is designed as the beginning phase of providing the child care plans necessary to carry out the program. It provides for the establishment and operation of a day care center located in the target area for full day care of pre-school children and after-school care for school-age children and for family day care for infants. It is recognized that the numbers of children to be cared for in this proposal will only begin to meet the anticipated needs. Therefore, expansion of the day care component will be necessary as the components of the Neighborhood Service Center move toward maximum operation. The project proposes to utilize the other components of the Neighborhood Service Center by providing social services to the families of the children in day care through the Social Service Unit, and by providing health services to the children in day care through the Health Service Center. July 1, 1968__. $48,000 Title: A Child Care Project for Services, Education and Research. Mrs. Doris C. Phillips, Associate Professor and Director, Child Care Project, Principal Investigator. Institution: George Warren Brown School of Social Work-Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. The Child Care Center for Services, Education and Research of the George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University will provide daytime group child care for children from infancy through twelve years of age, as the program is developed through successive phases. The group programs at every age level will provide both care and education. The primary focus of child care will be the "Living Centers" staffed by "Child Care Companions"; child education will occur in the activity and special interest areas staffed by teachers. Group and individual counseling and parent-group participation in service development will be emphasized. Professional activities include field instruction and research practicums for Master's and Doctor's Degree students; direct and video-taped observational experiences for students in the Human Behavior sequence and in advanced Child Development studies; participation of students in training of technical personnel, in-service training of staff members; and applied study and practice for students of Social Policy Issues annd Community Development. Research opportunities will be made available in child development and parentchild relationships, social work education, service evaluation, and community development. July 1, 1966... Title: Development of a Day Care Center for Young Children. $35, 293 200, 000 250, 038 Principal investigators: Bettye M. Caldwell, Ph.D., Professor of Child Development and Education, College of Home Economics, Syracuse University-Principal investigator; Lucille Smith, M.A., Director of Day Care; Jordan Tannenbaum, A.B.. Research Coordinator; Alice Honig, M.A., Program Supervisor; Marjorie Dibble, M.A., Supervisor of Nutrition Research. Institution: Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York. The major purpose of this project has been to design and actuate a supportive environment (day care, tutoring, short contact sessions) in which young children can develop optimally. The sample consists of children from economically deprived families and includes all ages from early infancy up to five years. The basic research which undergirds the service program has been concerned with patterns of early cognitive and social development and with the relationship between early development and the environment in which development occurs. Title: A Special Facility for Child Development and Education (spinn off from PR-156-1. Principal investigator: Bettye M. Caldwell, Ph.D., Professor of Education, College of Education, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas. Institution: University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas. From the literature dealing with the effects on disadvantaged children of early intervention, at least three currently valid conclusions may be drawn: (a) enrichment helps, though (b) the effects appear to dissipate quickly unless continued support is provided, and (c) early enrichment efforts have a greater likelihood of producing lasting gains. This proposal has presented a plan for a Special Facility for Child Development and Education which utilizes these conclusions as a baseline from which to formulate a model of the kinds of services to children and families needed to foster optimal development. The Facility will be jointly sponsored by the University of Arkansas and the Little Rock School District. It will provide for early enrichment, for continuity of development: supports through the end of the elementary school years, and for maximu |