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State of Maryland, 4 Wh., 316; Society z. New Haven, 8 Wh., 464; Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wh., 1; Foster and Elam v. Neilson, 2 Pet., 253; Buckner v. Finley, 2 Pet., 586; Worcester v. State of Georgia, 6 Pet., 515; Kennett et al. v. Chambers, 14 How., 38; Lodge v. Woolsey, 18 How., 331; State of New York . Dibble, 21 How., 366; Ableman v. Booth and United States 7. Booth, 21 How., 506; Sinnot v. Davenport, 22 How., 227; Foster v. Davenport, 22 How., 244; Haver v. Yaker, 9 Wall., 32; Whitney v. Robertson, 124 U. S., 190; In re Neagle, 135 U. S., 1; Cherokee Nation v. Kansas Ry. Co., 135 U. S., 641; Cook Co. v. Calumet & Chicago Canal Co., 138 U. S., 635; Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Rwy. Co. v. Hefley, 158 U. S., 98; In re Quarles v. Butler, 158 U. S., 532; De Lima v. Bidwell, 182 U. S., 1; Dooley v. United States, 182 U. S., 222; Downes z'. Bidwell, 182 U. S., 244; Fourteen Diamond Rings v. United States, 183 U. S., 176.

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.

Ex parte Garland, 4 Wall., 333; Davis v. Beason, 133 U. S., 333.

ARTICLE VII.

The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.

DONE in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independence of the United States of America the Twelfth. In Witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names,

GO WASHINGTON

Presidt and deputy from Virginia

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WILLIAM FEW

Attest:

Georgia.

ABR BALDWIN

WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary.

ARTICLES IN ADDITION TO, AND AMENDMENT OF, THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PROPOSED BY CONGRESS, AND RATIFIED BY THE LEGISLATURES OF THE SEVERAL STATES, PURSUANT TO THE FIFTH ARTICLE OF THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION. [Ellenbecker v. Plymouth County, 134 U. S., 3.] [ARTICLE I.]*

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

Terret et al. v. Taylor et al., 9 Cr., 43; Vidal et al. v. Girard et al., 2 How., 127; Ex parte Garland, 4 Wall., 333; United States v. Cruikshank et al., 92 U. S., 542; Reynolds v. United States, 98 U. S., 145; Davis z. Beason, 133 U. S., 333; In re Rapier, 143 U. S., HO; Homer v. U. S., 143 U. S., 192; Bradfield v. Roberts, 175 U. S., 291; Turner v. Williams, 194 U. S., 279.

[ARTICLE II.]

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

Presser v. Illinois, 116 U. S., 252.

*The first ten amendments to the Constitution of the United States were proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the First Congress, on the 25th of September, 1789. They were ratified by the following States, and the notifications of ratification by the governors thereof were successively communicated by the President to Congress: New Jersey, November 20, 1789; Maryland, December 19, 1789; North Carolina, December 22, 1789; South Carolina, January 19, 1790; New Hampshire, January 25, 1790; Delaware, January 28, 1790; Pennsylvania, March 10, 1790; New York, March 27, 1790; Rhode Island, June 15, 1790; Vermont, November 3, 1791, and Virginia, December 15, 1791. There is no evidence on the journals of Congress that the legislatures of Connecticut, Georgia, and Massachusetts ratified them.

[ARTICLE III.]

No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

[ARTICLE IV.]

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Smith v. State of Maryland, 18 How., 71.; Murray's Lessee et al. v. Hoboken Land and Improvement Company, 18 How., 272; Ex parte Milligan, 4 Wall., 2; Boyd v. United States, 116 U. S., 616; Fong Yuen Ting v. U. S., 149 U. S., 698; In re Chapman, 166 U. S., 661; Adams v. New York, 192 U. S., 585; Interstate Commerce Commission 7. Baird, 194 U. S., 25.

[ARTICLE V.]

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, w thout due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

United States v. Perez, 9 Wh., 579; Barron v. The City of Baltimore, 7 Pet., 243; Fox v. Ohio, 5 How., 410; West River Bridge Company 7. Dix et al., 6 How., 507; Mitchell v. Harmony, 13 How., 115; Moore, ex., 7. The People of the State of Illinois, 14 How., 13; Murray's Lessee et al. v. Hoboken Land and Improve

ment Company, 18 How., 272; Dynes v. Hoover, 20 How., 65; Withers . Buckley et al., 20 How., 84; Gilman v. The City of Sheboygan, 2 Black, 510; Ex parte Milligan, 4 Wall., 2; Twitchell v. The Commonwealth, 7 Wall., 321; Hepburn . Griswold, 8 Wall., 603; Miller v. United States, II Wall., 268; Legal Tender Cases, 12 Wall., 457; Pumpelly 7. Green Bay Company, 13 Wall., 166; Osborn v. Nicholson, 13 Wall., 654; Ex parte Lange, 18 Wall., 163; Kohl et al. v. United States, 91 U. S., 367; Sinking Fund Cases, 99 U. S., 700; Cole v. La Grange, 113 U. S., 1; Ex parte Wilson, 114 U. S., 417; Brown 7. Grant, 116 U S., 207; Boyd v. United States, 116 U. S., 616; Makin v. United States, 117 U. S., 348; Ex parte Bain, 121 U. S., 1; Parkinson v. United States, 121 U. S., 281; Spies v. Illinois, 123 U. S., 131; Sands v. Manistee River Improvement Company, 123 U. S., 288; Mugler 7. Kansas, 123 U. S., 623; Great Falls Manufacturing Company . The Attorney-General, 124 U. S., 581; United States v. De Walt, 128 U. S., 393; Huling v. Kaw Valley Railway and Improvement Company, 130 U. S., 559; Freeland v. Williams, 131 U. S., 405; Cross 7. North Carolina, 132 U. S., 131; Manning . French, 133 U. S., 186; Searle 7. School Dist. No. 2, 133 U. S., 553; Palmer v. McMahon, 133 U. S., 660; Ellenbecker v. Plymouth County, 134 U. S., 31; Chic., Mil. & St. Paul Rwy. Co. v. Minnesota, 134 U. S., 418; Wheeler v. Jackson, 137 U. S., 245; Holden 7. Minnesota, 137 U. S., 245; Caldwell v. Texas, 137 U. S., 692; Cherokee Nation 7. Kansas Ry. Co., 135 U. S., 641; Kaukauna Water Power Co. v. Miss. Canal Co., 142 U. S., 254; New Orleans v. N. O. Water W'ks, 142 U. S., 79; Counselman v. Hitchcock, 142 U. S., 547; Simmonds v. U. S., 142 U. S., 148; Horn Silver Mining Co. v. N. Y., 143 U. S., 305; Hallinger v. Davis, 146 U. S., 314; Shoemaker z. U. S., 147 U. S., 282; Thorington 2. Montgomery, 147 U. S., 490; Yesler v. Wash'n Harbor Line Coms'rs, 146 U. S., 646; Monongahela Nav. Co. v. U. S., 148 U. S., 312; Fong Yuen Ting v. U. S., 149 U. S., 698; In re Lennon, 150 Ü. S., 393; Pitts., C., C. & St. L. v. Backus, 154 U. S., 421; Interstate Com. Comsn. v. Brimson, 154 U. S., 447; Pearce 7. Texas, 155 U. S., 311; Linford v. Ellison, 155 U. S., 503; Andrews . Swartz, 156 U. S., 272; Pittsburgh & Southern Coal Co. v. La., 156 U. S., 590; St. L. & S. F. Rwy. Co. v. Gill, 156 U. S., 649; Johnson v. Sayre, 158 U. S., 109; Sweet v. Rechel, 159 U. S., 380; Brown v. Walker, 161 U. S., 591; Wong Wing 2. U. S., 163 U. S., 228; Talton 7. Mayes, 163 U. S., 376; In re Chapman, 166 U. S., 661; Bauman v. Ross, 167 U. S., 548; Wilson v. Lambert, 168 U. S., 611; Green Bay &c. Canal Co. v. Patten Paper Co., 172 U. S., 58; Henderson Bridge Co. v. Henderson City, 173 U. S., 592; Scranton 2. Wheeler, 179 Ü. S., 141; Wight 2. Davidson, 181 U. S., 371; Capitol City Dairy Co. v. Ohio, 183 U. S., 238; Hanover Ntl. Bank v. Moyses, 186 Ú. S., 181; Dreyer v. Illinois, 187 U. S., 71; Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, 187 U. S., 553; United States v. Lynah, 188 U. S., 445; The Japanese Immigrant Case, 189 U. S., 86; Hawaii 7. Mankichi, 190 U. S., 197; Bedford v. United States, 192 U. S., 217; Buttfield v. Stranahan, 192 U. S., 470; Interstate Commerce Commission 7. Baird, 194 U. S., 25; Beavers v. Henkel, 194 U. S., 73; Turner v. Williams, 194 U. S., 279; Public Clearing House v. Coyne; 194 U. S., 497; McCray v. United States, 195 U. S., 27; Schick v. United States, 195 U. S., 65; Kepner v. United States, 195 U. S., 100.

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