arbitration, 331, 334, 345; forcible collection of debts, 350, 351, 370; arbitral procedure, 404; Court of Arbitral Justice, 421; International Prize Court, 42, 427, 438, 442. See also Crowe, Fry, Howard, Ottley, Reay, Sat w.

Broglie, Duc de, 496.

Brussels, Conference and Declaration of, 1874, 213-218, 225228, 233, 238-242, 244-247, 254255, 467.

Bryce, Dr. James, 341.

Bulgaria, 11, 14, 93, 138, 172, 174,

175, 259, 282 345, 368, 419, 420. See also Stancioff.

Bülow, Count and Chancellor von, 50, 71, 387.

Bustamente, M. (1907), International Prize Court, 431.

Cæsar, Julius, 499. California Pious Funds, 405. Candamo, M. (1907), obligatory arbitration, 320-321, 323; forcible collection of debts, 359360.

Carnegie, Andrew, 19, 41, 411, 412,
500.
Castro, M. (1907), obligatory ar-
bitration, 317, 318; forcible col-
lection of debts, 359.
Chili, 74, 80, 97, 103, 138, 162, 222,

311, 322, 323, 325, 425, 445, 447,
450, 457, 458. See also Gana,
Matte.

China, 80, 94, 102, 108, 138, 143,

175, 264, 339, 403, 425, 464. See also Foster. Chino-Japanese War, 120. Choate, Joseph H. (1907), 15; exemption of private property, 134-135, 137-138, 140-141, 458; exemption of certain ships, 145; mediation, 275; obligatory arbitration, 314-317, 322-323, 339, 341-342, 346, 348, 455; arbitral procedure, 408; Court of Arbitral Justice, 412-415, 418, 423,

424, 426, 495; International Prize Court, 430-437, 496. Coanda, Colonel (1899), armaments, 62.

Cobden, Richard, 134. Collins, Lord Justice, 391. Columbia, 80, 108, 138, 360, 363, 370. See also Pérez Triana. Conference of 1899, forerunners, 1; origin, 1-3; place of meeting, 6-8; members, 10-13; leaders, 13; festivities and ceremonies, 17-18; publicity and public opinion, 21-24; organization, 28; commissions and sub-commissions, 28-30; method of work, 29-30; officers, 30-31; meetings, 35-40; programme, 45-47; results, 449-456, 463– 476, 496-500; armaments, 35, 46, 52-69, 449-450; warfare in the air, 76-79, 465; warfare on the sea: 465-466; new arms and methods, 83-85; marine cannon, 85-86, 451; explosives and asphyxiating gases, 87-90, 466; torpedo boats and rams, 91-92, 451; bombardment, 100, 234, 452-453; Geneva Convention, 109-124, 466-467 (hospital ships, 109-116; Red Cross officials and refugees, 118-124); emption of private property, 126-133, 451-452; neutral rights and duties, 146-147, 452; laws and customs, 166, 452453; warfare on land: 467; new arms and methods, 169-170, 453 (explosives, 170-171, 453; field guns, 171-172, 453; muskets, 172-181, 453; bullets, 181187, 468); Geneva Convention, 190-193, [Revision of 1906, 193199], 468-469; neutral rights and duties, 199-201, 453; laws and customs, 35, 213-215 (belligerents, 215-220, 469; prisoners of war, 222-228, 469; means of injuring the enemy, 232-234, 469; bombardment, 234, 469

ex

508

390-402.

Conference of 1907, origin, 3-5; place of meeting, 8-9; members, 13-16; leaders, 15-16; festivities and ceremonies, 18-20; publicity and public opinion, 24-27; organization, 31-32; commissions and sub-commissions, 32-33; method of work, 33; officers, 33-34; meetings, 40-44; programme, 47-51; results, 449, 456-464, 477-503; Third Peace Conference, 500503; armaments, 42, 49, 69-75, 315, 456-457; warfare in the air, 79-82, 236-237, 478; warfare on the sea: 479-480; new arms and methods, 93; submarine mines, 93-100, 480-482; bombardment, 100-104, 100-104, 482483; merchant ships transformed into cruisers, 104-108, 483-484; Geneva Convention, 116-118, 124-126 (hospital ships, 116-118; Red Cross officials and refugees, 124-126); exemption of private property, 133-141, 458-459; delay of favor to merchant ships, 141144, 484; captured merchant crews, 144, 485; exemption of certain ships, 144-146, 485; ex

emption of mail, 146, 485; neutral rights and duties, 148-166, 459-460, 485-487 (belligerents in neutral waters, 149-157, 485487; blockade, 157-159, 459; contraband, 160-163, 459-460; destruction of neutral prizes, 163-166, 460); laws and customs, 166-168, 460-461; warfare on land: 487; bullets, 187-190, 468; neutral rights and duties, 201213, 487-488; laws and customs (belligerents, 220-222, 489; prisoners of war, 228-232, 489; means of injuring the enemy, 235-236, 489; bombardment, 236-237, 489; capitulations, 243; occupation of hostile territory, 256-262, 489-490; opening of hostilities, 262-266, 488-489); arbitration: 43, 490-491; good offices and mediation, 275-277; commissions of inquiry, 288297, 461; obligatory, 311-326, 369, 461-463; specific cases, 331-348; forcible collection of debts, 350-370, 456, 491–492; Permanent Court, 387-390; arbitral procedure, 402-409, 492493; Court of Arbitral Justice, 410-426, 493-495, 496; International Prize Court, 427-448, 480, 495-496. Corea, 14, 27, 199. Costa Rica, 14. Crimean War, 139. Crowe, Mr. (1907), arbitral procedure, 406; International Prize Court, 442-443, 445. Crozier, Captain W. (1899), armaments, 62, 67-68; warfare in the air, 77-79, 82, 465; exemption of private property, 166, 233; explosives, 170, 180; bullets, 185-186, 190; belligerents, 220; occupation of hostile territory, 247. Cuba, 138, 222, 230, 232, 237 263-264, 266. See also Busta

mente.

Davis, General G. B. (1907), bullets, 187, 189; neutral rights and duties on land, 207-208; opening of hostilities, 265. "Deerhound," The, 123. De Floecker, 356.

Denmark, 49, 87, 91, 93, 138, 171, 175, 255, 261, 311, 319, 339, 422, 425, 447. See also Bille. Descamps, Chevalier (1899), 13; occupation of hostile territory, 248-249, 251; good offices and mediation, 267; special mediation, 274; commissions of inquiry, 282; obligatory arbitration, 300-301, 303, 328; Permanent Court, 371-375, 376, 476. Despagnet, 356.

D'Estournelles de Constant. In 1899: 13; address at closing session, 39; warfare in the air, 76; commissions of inquiry, 279-280, 287; obligatory arbitration, 305, 306; Permanent Court, 372, 471.

In 1907: 15; Peace Palace resolution, 20, 43; obligatory arbitration, 322, 325, 342; Court of Arbitral Justice,

412.

Dogger Bank (Hull Fishermen), 292, 296-297, 474, 492. D'Oliviera, M. (1907), obligatory arbitration, 334

Dominican Republic, 97, 108, 138, 263, 319, 363, 368, 369, 370, 425, 461-462.

Drago, Dr. Luis M. (1907), 15; belligerents in neutral waters, 151; obligatory arbitration, 320, 333, 339, 340-341; forcible collection of debts, 357, 358-364. Drago Doctrine, 358-367, 370.

Ecuador, 108, 138, 359, 370. Esteva, M. (1907), International Prize Court, 444, 445, 446. Eyschen, M. In 1899: 13; neutral rights on land, 199-200; commissions of inquiry, 285. In

509

1907: neutral rights on land,

211-212.

Fish, Hamilton, 356. Fisher, Admiral (1899), new arms and methods, 84; explosives,

87.

Foster, John W. (1907), exemp

tion of private property, 137. France, 71, 74, 78, 80, 82, 87, 91, 93, 97, 102, 107, 112, 116, 119, 124, 126, 127, 129, 135, 138, 139, 142, 161, 162, 171, 174, 175, 179, 201, 237, 263-265, 288, 292, 295, 296, 334, 345, 349, 369, 370, 408, 4II, 438, 442, 460. See also Amourel, Bourgeois, D'Estournelles, Fromageot, Mounier, Péphau, Renault.

Francis I, 178.
Frederick II, 411.

Fromageot, M. (1907), Permanent Court, 388; arbitral procedure, 405.

294;

Fry, Sir Edward (1907), 15; address at closing session, 44; armaments, 71-75; asphyxiating gases, 90; commissions of inquiry, 289-290, 292, obligatory arbitration, 314, 323, 334, 339, 342-343, 346, 348; forcible collection of debts, 367; arbitral procedure, 405, 406, 409; Court of Arbitral Justice, 417, 420, 424; International Prize Court, 427, 429, 430, 432433, 437, 441, 443, 480. Fusinato, Professor (1907), commissions of inquiry, 292.

Gana, M. (1907), obligatory arbitration, 321-322.

Germany, 176, 342, 377, 417. German Delegation in 1899, publicity, 22; public opinion, 2324; marine cannon, 86; torpedo boats, 91; rams, 93; Red Cross refugees, 123, 124; muskets, 179; bullets, 182; Geneva Convention, 191; belligerents,

Howard, Sir Henry (1907), International Prize Court, 435, 437, 438, 439.

Hull Fishermen (Dogger Bank), 292, 296-297, 474, 492.

Institute of International Law,

200.

International Peace Bureau, 457. International Peace Congresses, I, 457

Interparliamentary Union, 4, 27, 71, 331, 500.

Italy, 43, 71, 80, 86, 91, 92, 94, 106, 132, 134, 138, 145-146, 153, 156, 158, 159, 179, 191, 229, 234, 237, 264, 277, 288, 311, 319, 330, 334, 407, 408, 438, 451-452. also Fusinato, Nigra, Tornielli, Zuccari.

See

Japan, 49, 71, 80, 81, 86, 91, 92,

95, 96, 102, 105, 107, 119, 120, 121, 138, 141, 152, 153, 155, 159, 162, 164, 179, 191, 199, 203, 204, 228-232, 259, 264, 325, 326, 345, 348, 368, 438, 447, 460, 473. See also Sakomoto, Tsudzuki. Jomini, Baron, 177. Journalists. In 1899, 21-23. 1907, 25-26.

In

Karnebeek, A. P. C. van (1899), 13; armaments, 60-61, 67; asphyxiating gases, 89; muskets, 180; occupation of hostile territory, 249-250. Peace Palace

address, 1907, 19-20. Karnebeek, H. A. van (1907), laws and customs of naval war, 167– 168. Khuepach, Lieut. Col. von (1899), armaments, 62; muskets, 173; prisoners of war, 227. Kriege, Dr. (1907), obligatory arbitration, 335-336, 337; Permanent Court, 387-388; arbitral procedure, 403, 405, 406; International Prize Court, 427, 431-433, 435, 437, 438.

Künzli, Colonel (1899), bullets, 181, 182; belligerents, 218. Kuropatkin, General, 2.

La Barra, M. (1907), forcible collection of debts, 359; Court of Arbitral Justice, 417. Lammasch, Professor. In 1899: prisoners of war, 226; occupation of hostile territory, 251; commissions of inquiry, 277; obligatory arbitration, 393; Permanent Court, 372, 376, 384. In 1907: Permanent Court, 389; arbitral procedure, 404; International Prize Court, 445. "La Pérouse," 145.

Larreta, M. (1907), International Prize Court, 446.

Lieber, Professor, 215.

Lincoln, President, 214, 377, 401.
Liszt, F. von, 356.

Loeff, M. (1907), arbitral procedure, 406.

London, Treaty of, 200.

Low, Seth (1899), Hugo Grotius address, 18; arbitral procedure, 395.

Luxemburg, 10, 97, 138, 175, 187, 200, 325, 345, 384. See also Eyschen.

Macedo, Count (1899), arbitration, 379..

Mahan, Captain A. T. (1899), armaments, 68; new naval arms and methods, 85; marine cannon, 85, 86; asphyxiating gases, 88-90; torpedo boats, 91; rams, 92; hospital ships, 112-113, 114, 115, 117; Red Cross officials, 119; Red Cross refugees, 123-124; bullets, 186; Geneva Convention, 192. Marshall, Chief Justice, 434. Martens, Professor Fedor de. In 1899: 13, 34; exemption of private property, 127-128; Geneva Convention, 191, 199; neutrals on land, 200; laws