and customs of warfare on land, 214-215, 470; belligerents, 217-219; occupation of hostile territory, 244-245; special mediation, 275; commissions of inquiry, 277-278, 282283, 287; obligatory arbitration, 305; forcible collection of debts, 349, 350; Permanent Court, 199, 372, 375, 379, 385386, 416; arbitral procedure, 391, 394, 398, 400, 401. In 1907: 16, 34, 479-480, 499-500; origin of conference, 50; exemption. of private property, 135, 139; delay of favor, 141; exemption of certain ships, 144; neutrals on the sea, 148; blockade, 157-158; contraband, 160; neutral prizes, 163; laws and customs of naval war, 167; special mediation, 276-277; commissions of inquiry, 289292, 296-297; obligatory arbitration, 320, 323, 328, 330, 339; forcible collection of debts, 356-357; Permanent Court, 389-390; arbitral procedure, 404, 407; Court of Arbitral Justice, 416-417, 418; International Prize Court, 437, 439. Matte, M. (1907), forcible col lection of debts, 362. Merey, M. de (1907), obligatory arbitration, 314, 324, 325, 337339, 343-346; International Prize Court, 439. Merignac, 356. Mexico, 80, 97, 106, 108, 138, 175, 222, 334, 359, 418, 419, 425, 464. See also Esteva, La Barra, Zenil. Mexico, Treaty of, 362. Michelson, Colonel (1907), belliger ents, 222; opening of hostilities, Mill, John Stuart, 135. tory arbitration, 317, 318; forci- Mirza Riza Khan (1899), occu Monroe Doctrine, 311, 362, 491. 138, 143, 162, 175, 222, 259, national Prize Court, 444. Mounier, General (1899), armaments, 62; warfare in the air, 77; bullets, 182; spies, 239; flags of truce, 240. Mouravieff, Count, 2, 3, 6, 45, 53-54, 315. Münster, Count (1899), 13; ad- Napoleon I, 1, 499. V. Nelidow, M. (1907), 16; Peace Palace address, 20; president of the conference, 33, 41; address at opening session, 41-42; address at closing session, 43; armaments, programme, 51; 70, 74-75; exemption of private property, 134; obligatory arbitration, 346, 347, 348; Court of Arbitral Justice, 425, 426; In ternational Prize Court, 441442; warfare on the sea, 479480. Nesselrode, Count, 130, 135. Netherlands, 6, 7, 8, 11, 17-19, 34, 37, 39, 49, 86, 91, 92, 95, 136, 138, 142, 159, 174, 175, 186, 220, 243, 256, 264, 282-283, 288-290, 311, 319, 334, 371, 408, 438, 501. See also Asser, Beaufort, Karnebeek, Loeff, Poortugael, Rahusen, Tets. New York Peace Congress, 412, 415. New York State Bar Association, 141, 458. Nicaragua, 97, 108, 138, 143, 359, Norway, 14, 135, 138, 162, 334, Odier, M. (1899), Geneva Con- 141. Palmerston, Lord, 134, 356. Panama, 97, 138, 162, 230, 420. 316-317, 319. 5, Papiniu, M. (1899), arbitral procedure, 393. Paraguay, 97, 108, 138, 143, 359, 360, 363, 370. Paris, Declaration of, 1856, 105, 108, 133, 157-158, 430, 432, 466, 479, 483. Paris, Treaty of, 1856, 268. Pauncefote, Sir Julian (1899), 13; exemption of private property, 128, 133; Geneva Convention, 191; hostile territory, 255; occupation of offices and good mediation, 268; commissions of inquiry, 284; forcible collection of debts, 349; Permanent Court, 371-373, 379, 382, 385, 386, 387. Peace Palace, 19-20, 41, 43. 513 Penn, William, 417, 495. Péphau, Admiral (1899), new arms and methods, 83; marine cannon, 86; explosives, 87. Pérez Triana, M. (1907), address at closing session, 44; exemption of private property, 136; forcible collection of debts, 364-366. Persia, 80, 92, 108, 115, 116, 118, 138, 174, 175, 339, 368, 408, 420, 425, 439, 447. See also Mirza, Samad. new Peru, 80, 138, 320, 322, 324, 325, Porter, General Horace (1907), opening forcible of hostilities, 266; Portsmouth, N.H., Peace of, 5, Portugal, 80, 87, 93, 135, 138, Programme, 45-51. Soveral, Public Opinion, 23-27, 464, 498 499. 514 THE TWO HAGUE CONFERENCES Raffalovich, M. (1899), bullets, 183. Rahusen, M. (1899), exemption of private property, 129. Reay, Lord (1907), warfare in the air, 80; merchant ships transformed into cruisers, 105; contraband, 160-161, 162; asphyxiating gases, 188; neutral rights and duties on land, 204, 207, 209; occupation of hostile territory, 261. Renault, Professor Louis. In 1899: hospital ships, 112; Permanent Court, 386. In 1907: 15; warfare in the air, 82, 237; hospital ships, 117; exemption of private property, 135; obligatory arbitration, 339, 341, 344; arbitral procedure, 408; International Prize Court, 427. Rivier, A., 356. Rolin, M. (1899) [and 1907], explosives, 87; prisoners of war, 227; armistice, 241; capitulations, 242-243. Roman Papacy, 11, 39. Roosevelt, President, 5, 8, 13, 40 41, 133, 356, 412, 417, 473, 494. Root, Secretary, 415, 457, 472, 500-501, 502-503. Rotterdam, 19. Roumania, 80, 86, 92, 138, 162, 171, 174, 175, 176, 182, 230, 259, 280, 283, 284, 295, 296, 302, 303, 325, 345, 348, 369, 370, 408, 419, 422, 425, 444, 447. See also Beldiman, Coanda, Papiniu, Sturdza. Russia, 2, 3, 5, 33, 36, 38, 45, 47, 50, 55, 69-70, 71, 76, 80, 86, 87, 91, 93, 97, 106, 112, 118, 124, 127, 129, 133, 134, 135, 138, 141, 142, 143, 152-155, 162, 164, 171-176, 179, 186, 205, 220, 235, 237, 259, 260, 261, 264, 277, 286, 288-291, 293, 297-300, 326-328, 330, 331, 334, 345, 349, 350, 370, 404, 410, 420, 439, 447, 456, 473, 474, 501. See also Gi linsky, Martens, Michelson, Nelidow, Raffalovich, Schéine, Staal, Yermolow. Russo-Japanese War, 4, 5, 93, 94, 126, 203, 473, 479. Saenz Peña, M. (1907), address at closing session, 44. St. Petersburg, Declaration of, 89, 169-170, 185, 453, 468. Sakomoto, Captain (1899), new arms and methods, 83. Salisbury, Lord, 356, 415. Salvador, 108, 138. Samad Khan (1907), address at closing session, 44; obligatory arbitration, 317, 318-319. San Marino, II. Satow, Sir Ernest (1907), submarine mines, 98-99; blockade, 158; neutral prizes, 164-165; laws and customs of naval war, 168. new Schéine, Captain (1899), armaments, 56-57,. 65-66; arms and methods, 83, 84; marine cannon, 85; explosives and asphyxiating gases, 87; rams, 92; hospital ships, 112; Red Cross refugees, 120; exemption of private property, 128; neutral rights and duties, 147. Scheveningen, 17. Schwarzhoff, Colonel von (1899), armaments, 58-59, 60-62; muskets, 174, 175, 178, 179, 181; belligerents, 221-222; prisoners of war, 224; spies, 238; flags of truce, 240; armistice, 241, 242; occupation of hostile territory, 245, 248-251. Scott, Sir Charles, 53Scott, Dr. J. B. (1907), commissions of inquiry, 294; obligatory arbitration, 338, 339, 344; Court of Arbitral Justice, 415416, 421, 422, 423, 495. Servia, 138, 272, 280, 283, 284, 290, 296, 308, 310, 332, 334, 339, 360, 363, 368, 419, 444, 447. See also Milovanovitch, Veljkovitch. In In Siam, 10, 11, 86, 91, 93, 97, 115, 116, 121, 138, 175, 282, 339, 425. See also Rolin. Siegel, Captain and Admiral. 1899: hospital ships, 114. 1907: submarine mines, 95; hospital ships, 117. Soltyk, Count (1899), asphyxiating gases, 87. South II. African Republic, IO, Soveral, Marquis de (1907), 16; contraband, 162; obligatory arbitration, 317-318, 331, 339. Spain, 49, 71, 74, 80, 93, 102, 103-104, 108, 137, 138, 153, 171, 175, 230, 368, 464. See also Mortera. Sperry, Admiral Charles S. (1907), submarine mines, 95; delay of favor to merchant ships, 142; belligerents in neutral ports, 157. Staal, Baron de (189), 13; president of the conference, 28; address at opening sessions, 36-38, 46, 47; address at closing session, 39; armaments, 55; warfare on land, 169; arbitration, 298; forcible collection of debts, 349; Permanent Court, 372, 476. Stancioff, Dr. (1899), armaments, 61-62; commissions of inquiry, 287-288. Stead, Wm. T., vii. Story, Justice, 434. Stowell, Lord Justice, 434. Sturdza, Captain (1907), occupation of hostile territory, 258. Suttner, Baroness von, 24. Sweden, 67, 80, 86, 91, 93, 135, 138, 162, 171, 175, 176, 237, 323, 325, 332, 334, 351, 363, 37°, 438. See also Bildt, Brändström, Hammarskjöld, Hjul hammar. 515 Switzerland, 109, 138, 162, 175, 179, 191-193, 210, 219-220, 221, 222, 252, 323, 334, 338, 339, 345, 359, 369, 370, 384, 408, 422, 425, 426, 444, 464. See also Borel, Künzli, Odier. Tennyson, Alfred, 497. Tets van Goudriaan, Jonkheer (1907), address at session, 40-41; opening address at closing session, 44. Third Peace Conference, 43, 500 503. Tocqueville, M. de, 341. Tornielli, Count (1907), 16, 34; address at closing session, 44; exemption of certain ships, 145; neutral prizes, 165; prisoners of war, 228; obligatory arbitration, 338, 347; forcible collection of debts, 369. Tsudzuki, M. (1907), address at closing session, 44; obligatory arbitration, 324; International Prize Court, 429. Turkey, 11, 67, 80, 93, 97, 104, 108, 115, 116, 118, 120, 123, 138, 159, 162, 171, 179, 203, 237, 290, 325, 326, 339, 345, 348, 369, 447. See also Turk han. Turkhan Pacha (1899) [and 1907], capitulations, 243. United States: Civil War, 133; Congress, 133, 434; ConstituGeneral tion, 359, 361, 494; Order No. 100, 227, 228, 233, 248, 254, 255, 467; Senate, 329, 335, 337, 338, 344, 368, 464, 485, 486, 496; Supreme Court, 433, 434. United States Delegation in 1899, seats, 12; Delft celebration, 18; armaments, 68-69; new naval arms and methods, 8485; marine cannon, 86; phyxiating gases, 88-90; pedo boats, 91; rams, 92; as tor 516 THE TWO HAGUE CONFERENCES mer Red Cross refugees, 122, 123, 124; exemption of private property, 126-132, 451-452; muskets, 179, 180, bullets, 182 185, 187, 468; Geneva Convention, 192; belligerents, 220; obligatory arbitration, 310-311, 329, 330; forcible collection of debts, 349, 350; Permanent Court, 376, 383; arbitral procedure, 401, 404; signature, 463-464. See also Crozier, Holls, Low, Mahan, White. United States Delegation in 1907, seats, 15; honorary offices, 34; forcible collection of debts, 42, 49, 50; armaments, 49, 71, 73-74; programme, 50; warfare in the air, 82; submarine mines, 95, 96; naval bombardment, 100-101; chant ships transformed into cruisers, 108; exemption of private property, 133-141, 458459; delay of favor to merchant ships, 143-144, 485; belligerents in neutral ports, 157, 486; blockade, 159, 459; contraband, 161, 162, 460; neutral prizes, 163-164, 165; bullets, 188-189; neutral rights and duties on land, 208; prisoners of war, 230, 231; occupation of hostile territory, 259; opening of hostilities, 264, 266; special mediation, 277; commissions of inquiry, 293; obligatory arbitration, 315-317, 326, 332, 334, 336-338, 345, 348, 462-463; forcible collection of debts, 352, 354-355; arbitral procedure, 404; Court of Arbitral Justice, 410, 421, 425-426, 493; International Prize Court, 43, 442, 445; signature, 464; Third Peace Conference, 501. See also Choate, Davis, Hill, Porter, Scott, Sperry. Universal Postal Union, 382. Uruguay, 108, 138, 359, 360, 370, 419, 422, 425. See also Castro. Vasconcellos, M. (1899), mediation, 275. Veljkovitch, Professor (1899), occupation of hostile territory, 247; good offices and mediation, 270; commissions of inquiry, 281-282; obligatory arbitration, 306, 331. Venezuela, 80, 138, 278, 359, 363, 370, 419, 420, 425, 447, 499. Venezuela Arbitration, 390, 391, 417. Walker, T. A., 356. White, Andrew D. (1899), 13; Hugo Grotius address at Delft, 18; asphyxiating gases, 90; exemption of private property, 127-132, 166, 451-452; bullets, 186; Geneva Convention, 192; Permanent Court, 387. Wilson and Tucker, 356. Witte, M., 2. Woolsey, T. D., 356. Yermolow, General (1907), occupation of hostile territory, 257; opening of hostilities, 263. Zenil, M. (1899), capitulations, 243. Zorn, Professor (1899) [and 1907], 13; obligatory arbitration, 307, 311, 312, 328, 330; Permanent Court, 372, 374-376, 378, 380, 382, 386, 387; laws and customs of warfare on land, 470. Zuccari, . General (1899), armaments, 62; muskets, 173; armistice, 241-242. 1 |