and customs of warfare on
land, 214-215, 470; belliger-
ents, 217-219; occupation of
hostile territory, 244-245; spe-
cial mediation, 275; commis-
sions of inquiry, 277-278, 282-
283, 287; obligatory arbitra-
tion, 305; forcible collection of
debts, 349, 350; Permanent
Court, 199, 372, 375, 379, 385-
386, 416; arbitral procedure,
391, 394, 398, 400, 401. In 1907:
16, 34, 479-480, 499-500; ori-
gin of conference, 50; exemp-
tion of private property, 135,
139; delay of favor, 141; ex-
emption of certain ships, 144;
neutrals on the sea, 148; block-
ade, 157-158; contraband, 160;
neutral prizes, 163; laws and
customs of naval war, 167;
special mediation, 276–277;
commissions of inquiry, 289-
292, 296-297; obligatory arbi-
tration, 320, 323, 328, 330, 339;
forcible collection of debts,
356-357; Permanent Court,
389-390; arbitral procedure,
404, 407; Court of Arbitral
Justice, 416-417, 418; Inter-
national Prize Court, 437, 439.
Matte, M. (1907), forcible col-

lection of debts, 362.

Merey, M. de (1907), obligatory
arbitration, 314, 324, 325, 337-
339, 343-346; International
Prize Court, 439.
Merignac, 356.

Mexico, 80, 97, 106, 108, 138,
175, 222, 334, 359, 418, 419,
425, 464. See also Esteva,
La Barra, Zenil.

Mexico, Treaty of, 362.
Michelson, Colonel (1907), belliger-
ents, 222; opening of hostilities,
263, 264.

Mill, John Stuart, 135.
Milovanovitch, M. (1907), obliga-

tory arbitration, 317, 318; forci-
ble collection of debts, 362, 367+

Mirza Riza Khan (1899), occu-
pation of hostile territory, 253-

254-
Monaco, II.

Monroe Doctrine, 311, 362, 491.
Montenegro, 10, 11, 14, 80, 97,

138, 143, 162, 175, 222, 259,
325, 345, 447-
Mortera, Count (1907), Inter-
national Prize Court, 444.
Mounier, General (1899), arma-
ments, 62; warfare in the air,
77; bullets, 182; spies, 239;
flags of truce, 240.
Mouravieff, Count, 2, 3, 6, 45,
53-54, 315.

Münster, Count (1899), 13; ad-
dress at closing session, 39;
Permanent Court, 387; public
opinion, 499.

Napoleon I, 1, 499.

National Educational Association,

V.

Nelidow, M. (1907), 16; Peace
Palace address, 20; president
of the conference, 33, 41; address
at opening session, 41-42; ad-
dress at closing session, 43;
programme, 51; armaments,
70, 74-75; exemption of private
property, 134; obligatory arbi-
tration, 346, 347, 348; Court of
Arbitral Justice, 425, 426; In-
ternational Prize Court, 441–
442; warfare on the sea, 479–
480.
Nesselrode, Count, 130, 135-
Netherlands, 6, 7, 8, 11, 17-19,
34, 37, 39, 49, 86, 91, 92, 95,
136, 138, 142, 159, 174, 175, 186,
220, 243, 256, 264, 282-283,
288-290, 311, 319, 334, 371,
408, 438, 501. See also Asser,
Beaufort, Karnebeek, Loeff, Poor-
tugael, Rahusen, Tets.

New York Peace Congress, 412,
415.

New York State Bar Association,
141, 458.

Nicaragua, 97, 108, 138, 143, 359,
360, 363, 370.
Nigra, Count (1899), 13; exemp-
tion of private property, 132;
naval bombardment, 166; flags
of truce, 240; good offices and
mediation, 268-270; commis-
sions of inquiry, 284; obliga-
tory arbitration, 303, 309, 328;
Permanent Court of Arbitra-
tion, 372, 375, 386.

Norway, 14, 135, 138, 162, 334,
368, 425, 438, 445, 447. See
also Hagerup.
Nys, 356.

Odier, M. (1899), Geneva Con-
vention, 1907, 192; commis-
sions of inquiry, 288; obligatory
arbitration, 307-308; Perma-
nent Court, 372, 375-376.
Ottley, Captain C. L. (1907), 15;
submarine mines, 94; naval
bombardment, 101-102, 103;
delay of favor to merchant ships,

141.

Palmerston, Lord, 134, 356.
Panama, 97, 138, 162, 230, 420.
Pan-American Conferences,

5,

316-317, 319.
Papiniu, M. (1899), arbitral pro-
cedure, 393.

Paraguay, 97, 108, 138, 143, 359,
360, 363, 370.

Paris, Declaration of, 1856, 105,
108, 133, 157-158, 430, 432,
466, 479, 483.

Paris, Treaty of, 1856, 268.
Pauncefote, Sir Julian (1899),

13; exemption of private prop-
erty, 128, 133; Geneva Con-
vention, 191; occupation of
hostile territory, 255; good
offices and mediation, 268;
commissions of inquiry, 284;
forcible collection of debts, 349;
Permanent Court, 371-373, 379,
382, 385, 386, 387.

Peace Palace, 19-20, 41, 43.

Penn, William, 417, 495.
Péphau, Admiral (1899), new
arms and methods, 83; marine
cannon, 86; explosives, 87.
Pérez Triana, M. (1907), address
at closing session, 44; exemp-
tion of private property, 136;
forcible collection of debts,
364-366.

Persia, 80, 92, 108, 115, 116, 118,

138, 174, 175, 339, 368, 408,
420, 425, 439, 447. See also
Mirza, Samad.

Peru, 80, 138, 320, 322, 324, 325,
359, 360, 370. See also Can-
damo.
Poortugael, General den Beer. In
1899: armaments, 55-56, 61;
warfare in the air, 77; new
arms and methods, 84; naval
bombardment, 234; muskets,
175-179; bullets, 181. In 1907:
16; naval bombardment, 101;
exemption of mail, 146; occu-
pation of hostile territory, 256-
257, 259-260; opening of hos-
tilities, 263-264; International
Prize Court, 434.

Porter, General Horace (1907),
15; merchant ships transformed
into cruisers, 108; delay of
favor to merchant ships, 143;
blockade, 158-159; opening
of hostilities, 266; forcible
collection of debts, 352-370;
International Prize Court, 427.
Porter Proposition, 351-352, 358-
370, 491-492.

Portsmouth, N.H., Peace of, 5,
473.

Portugal, 80, 87, 93, 135, 138,
144-145, 153, 162, 179, 185,
187, 188, 259, 319, 334, 369,
419, 444, 462, 468. See also
D'Oliveira, Macedo, Soveral,
Vasconcellos.

Programme, 45-51.
Publicity, 21-26.

Public Opinion, 23-27, 464, 498-

499.

Potterdam, 19.

Roumania, Mo, 86, 02, 138, 162,
175, 174, 175, 176, 182, 230,
250, 480, 283, 284, 205, 206,
304, 303, 34, 34%, 348, 300,
376, 468, 110, 422, 425, 444, 447.
Beldiman, Coanda,

Pupinin, Sturdza.
Rueda, 2, 3. 5. 33. 36, 38, 45, 47,
50% 55. 00 70, 71, 76, 80, 86,
87. 01. 0.5, 07, 160, 112, 118,
144, 147, 120, 133, 134, 135,
138, 114, 114, 143, 152 155,
105, 101, 171 170, 170, 186,

240, 235, 237, 250, 200,
901. 204. 277, 286, 288 201,
90.1. 207 300, 326 328, 330,
331 334 345. 340, 350, 370,
404 410, 420, 430, 447, 450,

Satow, Sir Ernest (1907), sub-
marine mines, 98-99; blockade,
158; neutral prizes, 164-165;
laws and customs of naval war,
168.
Schéine, Captain (1899), arma-

ments, 56-57, 65-66; new
arms and methods, 83, 84;
marine cannon, 85; explosives
and asphyxiating gases, 87;
rams, 92; hospital ships, 112;
Red Cross refugees, 120; ex-
emption of private property, 128;
neutral rights and duties, 147.
Scheveningen, 17.

Schwarzhoff, Colonel von (1899),
armaments, 58-59, 60-62; mus-
kets, 174, 175, 178, 179, 181;
belligerents, 221-222; prisoners
of war, 224; spies, 238; flags
of truce, 240; armistice, 241,
242; occupation of hostile
territory, 245, 248-251.
Scott, Sir Charles, 53.
Scott, Dr. J. B. (1907), commis-
sions of inquiry, 294; obliga-
tory arbitration, 338, 339, 344;
Court of Arbitral Justice, 415-
416, 421, 422, 423, 495.
Servia, 138, 272, 280, 283, 284,

290, 296, 308, 310, 332, 334,

Soveral, Marquis de (1907), 16;
contraband, 162; obligatory
arbitration, 317-318, 331, 339.
Spain, 49, 71, 74, 80, 93, 102,

103-104, 108, 137, 138, 153,
171, 175, 230, 368, 464. See
also Mortera.

Sperry, Admiral Charles S. (1907),
submarine mines, 95; delay
of favor to merchant ships,
142; belligerents in neutral
ports, 157.

Staal, Baron de (1899), 13; presi-
dent of the conference, 28;
address at opening sessions,
36-38, 46, 47; address at
closing session, 39; armaments,
55; warfare on land, 169;
arbitration, 298; forcible col-
lection of debts, 349; Perma-
nent Court, 372, 476.
Stancioff, Dr. (1899), armaments,
61-62; commissions of inquiry,
287-288.

Stead, Wm. T., vii.

Story, Justice, 434.
Stowell, Lord Justice, 434.
Sturdza, Captain (1907), occupa-
tion of hostile territory, 258.
Suttner, Baroness von, 24.
Sweden, 67, 80, 86, 91, 93, 135,
138, 162, 171, 175, 176, 237,
323, 325, 332, 334, 351, 363,
370, 438. See also Bildt, Bränd-
ström, Hammarskjöld, Hjul-
hammar.

503.

Tocqueville, M. de, 341.
Tornielli, Count (1907), 16, 34;
address at closing session, 44;
exemption of certain ships,
145; neutral prizes, 165; pris-
oners of war, 228; obligatory
arbitration, 338, 347; forcible
collection of debts, 369.
Tsudzuki, M. (1907), address at
closing session, 44; obligatory
arbitration, 324; International
Prize Court, 429.

Turkey, 11, 67, 80, 93, 97, 104,

108, 115, 116, 118, 120, 123,
138, 159, 162, 171, 179, 203,
237, 290, 325, 326, 339, 345,
348, 369, 447. See also Turk-

han.

Turkhan Pacha (1899) [and
1907], capitulations, 243.

United States: Civil War, 133;
Congress, 133, 434; Constitu-
tion, 359, 361, 494; General
Order No. 100, 227, 228, 233,
248, 254, 255, 467; Senate,
329, 335, 337, 338, 344, 368,
464, 485, 486, 496; Supreme
Court, 433, 434.

United States Delegation in 1899,

seats, 12; Delft celebration,
18; armaments, 68-69; new
naval arms and methods, 84-
85; marine cannon, 86;
phyxiating gases, 88-90;
pedo boats, 91; rams,

as-

tor-

92;

Red Cross refugees, 122, 123,
124; exemption of private
property, 126-132, 451-452;
muskets, 179, 180, bullets, 182
185, 187, 468; Geneva Con-
vention, 192; belligerents, 220;
obligatory arbitration, 310-311,
329, 330; forcible collection of
debts, 349, 350; Permanent
Court, 376, 383; arbitral pro-
cedure, 401, 404; signature,
463-464. See also Crozier,

mer-

Holls, Low, Mahan, White.
United States Delegation in 1907,
seats, 15; honorary offices,
34; forcible collection of debts,
42, 49, 50; armaments, 49,
71, 73-74; programme, 50;
warfare in the air, 82; sub-
marine mines, 95, 96; naval
bombardment, 100-101;
chant ships transformed into
cruisers, 108; exemption of
private property, 133-141, 458-
459; delay of favor to merchant
ships, 143-144, 485; belliger-
ents in neutral ports, 157, 486;
blockade, 159, 459; contra-
band, 161, 162, 460; neutral
prizes, 163-164, 165; bullets,
188-189; neutral rights and
duties on land, 208; prisoners
of war, 230, 231; occupation
of hostile territory, 259; open-
ing of hostilities, 264, 266;
special mediation, 277;
missions of inquiry, 293; oblig-
atory arbitration, 315-317, 326,
332, 334, 336-338, 345, 348,
462-463; forcible collection of
debts, 352, 354-355; arbitral
procedure, 404; Court of Arbi-
tral Justice, 410, 421, 425-426,
493; International Prize Court,
438, 442, 445; signature, 464;
THI
Peace Conference, 501.
Choate, Davis, Hill,
Sperry.

com-

Universal Postal Union, 382.
Uruguay, 108, 138, 359, 360, 370,
419, 422, 425. See also Castro.
Vasconcellos, M. (1899), media-
tion, 275.
Veljkovitch, Professor (1899), oc-
cupation of hostile territory,
247; good offices and media-
tion, 270; commissions of in-
quiry, 281-282; obligatory arbi-
tration, 306, 331.

Venezuela, 80, 138, 278, 359, 363,

370, 419, 420, 425, 447, 499.
Venezuela Arbitration, 390, 391,
417.

Walker, T. A., 356.
Washington, Treaty of, 157.
Welsersheimb, Count (1899), arbi-
tration, 382.

White, Andrew D. (1899), 13;
Hugo Grotius address at Delft,
18; asphyxiating gases, 90;
exemption of private property,
127-132, 166, 451-452; bullets,
186; Geneva Convention, 192;
Permanent Court, 387.
Wilson and Tucker, 356.
Witte, M., 2.

Woolsey, T. D., 356.

Yermolow, General (1907), occu-
pation of hostile territory, 257;
opening of hostilities, 263.

Zenil, M. (1899), capitulations,
243.

Zorn, Professor (1899) [and 1907],

13; obligatory arbitration, 307,
311, 312, 328, 330; Permanent
Court, 372, 374-376, 378, 380,
382, 386, 387; laws and customs
of warfare on land, 470.
Zuccari, General (1899), arma-
ments, 62; muskets, 173; ar-
mistice, 241-242.