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Mr. Peter S. Carter, with whom Mr. George W. McKenzie was on the brief, for respondent.

MR. JUSTICE PITNEY delivered the opinion of the court.

Petitioner, a corporation of the State of New York, is the owner of the steamship H. M. Whitney, her engines, etc., which vessel, on April 18, 1918, while in petitioner's possession, was attached by the United States marshal for the Eastern District of New York in an action in rem brought by the Patent Vulcanite Roofing Company in the District Court of the United States for that district. On April 27, 1918, while the vessel was in the possession of the deputy marshal under the process in that action, the United States Shipping Board established by Act of September 7, 1916, c. 451, 39 Stat. 728, acting under authority of the Act of June 15, 1917, c. 29, 40 Stat. 182, and the President's Executive Order of July 11, 1917,1 in

1 EXECUTIVE ORDER

By virtue of authority vested in me in the section entitled "Emergency Shipping Fund" of an Act of Congress entitled "An Act Making appropriations to supply urgent deficiencies in appropriations for the Military and Naval Establishments on account of war expenses for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and seventeen, and for other purposes," approved June 15, 1917, I hereby direct that the United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation shall have and exercise all power and authority vested in me in said section of said act, in so far as applicable to and in furtherance of the construction of vessels, the purchase or requisitioning of vessels in process of construction, whether on the ways or already launched, or of contracts for the construction of such vessels, and the completion thereof, and all power and authority applicable to and in furtherance of the production, purchase, and requisitioning of materials for ship construction.

And I do further direct that the United States Shipping Board shall have and exercise all power and authority vested in me in said section of said act, in so far as applicable to and in furtherance of the taking over of title or possession, by purchase or requisition, of constructed vessels, or parts thereof, or charters therein; and the operation, management and disposition of such vessels, and of all other vessels hereto

115.

Opinion of the Court.

structed one Smith as its agent to take possession of the steamer in behalf of the United States. This Smith did pro forma on April 29, but without dispossessing the marshal or his deputy. On May 16, Theodore A. Crane's Sons Company filed its libel in rem against the steamer in the same court, and under process in this suit the marshal, who already had her in custody, again attached the vessel. Afterwards, and on May 29, the Shipping Board, by its counsel, appeared before the court, stated that the use of the vessel was needed by the Government for war purposes, that the marshal was still in custody by virtue of the writs of attachment in the two suits referred to, and that the Board did not desire to raise an issue over the possession of the property as between two departments of the Government, and moved the court to direct the marshal to release her. No appearance having been entered in behalf of the ship, the court heard proctors for the libelants and counsel for the Shipping Board, and on motion of the latter, with consent of the former, made an order entitled in the two causes directing that the marshal be permitted to appoint the master of the ship as a special deputy United States marshal, that this deputy remain in possession of the vessel in behalf of the marshal, that the vessel, in his custody, be turned over to the Shipping Board for purposes connected with the war, the special deputy marshal or his substitutes to remain always in possession, and that the vessel be returned to the custody of the marshal upon being released from requisition by the Shipping Board.

fore or hereafter acquired by the United States. The powers herein delegated to the United States Shipping Board may, in the discretion of said Board, be exercised directly by the said Board or by it through the United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation, or through any other corporation organized by it for such purpose. WOODROW WILSON.

The White House,

11 July, 1917.

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Thereafter the present petitioner, claimant of the vessel, appeared specially by counsel and moved the District Court to quash the attachment in the Crane suit and dismiss the libel on the ground of want of jurisdiction. These motions, after argument, were overruled; and at a subsequent date motions for a rehearing and for a certificate of jurisdiction as the basis of a direct appeal to this court were denied upon the ground that the claimant had no standing to attack the validity of the attachment.

Thereafter this court granted leave for the filing of a petition for a writ of prohibition, and made an order upon the judges of the District Court to show cause why such writ should not issue. Return was made by the judge who had acted in the proceedings above mentioned, and, the matter having been argued here by counsel for the petitioner and by counsel for the Crane Company, the question for decision is whether the prohibition ought to be issued, or the order to show cause discharged.

The validity of the attachment in the suit of the Vulcanite Company and the continued possession of the marshal or his deputy under that process are not in controversy. No bond was given or deposit made for release of the vessel pursuant to § 941, Rev. Stats., or the admiralty rules of this court or of the District Court. Hence the vessel remained, for all purposes of the action, in the custody of the court. The requisition of the Shipping Board extended merely to the use of the ship for war purposes, and did not in fact take her out of the custody of the court. So far as any interest of the petitioner was concerned, there was nothing to prevent the vessel from being subjected to attachment under process in the Crane Company suit; and as she actually was subjected to that process by the action of the marshal, the jurisdiction of the court in that suit was complete, and the owner's only recourse was to enter appearance therein, with or without giving a bond or making a deposit.

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If the custody of the ship by the officer of the court was inconsistent with the purposes of the Executive, acting through the Shipping Board, this was not a matter of which petitioner could take advantage. The application of the Board through its counsel for an order permitting the vessel to be put at the service of the Government for war purposes while still remaining in the custody of the marshal for the purposes of the court's jurisdiction, consented to by the only other parties who had a standing in court, was a sufficient warrant for the order made.

Order to show cause discharged and petition dismissed.

NORTH PACIFIC STEAMSHIP COMPANY v. HALL BROTHERS MARINE RAILWAY & SHIPBUILDING COMPANY.

APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA.

No. 53. Argued November 18, 19, 1918. Decided March 3, 1919.

A contract for maritime service is within the admiralty jurisdiction, although not to be executed upon navigable waters. P. 125. The place of performance-i. e., whether upon navigable waters or elsewhere-is but an evidentiary circumstance, to be considered in determining whether the contract is by nature maritime. Id.

A materialman furnishing supplies or repairs may proceed against the ship in rem, or against the master or owner in personam. 12th Admiralty Rule. P. 126.

While a contract for building a ship or supplying materials for her construction is not maritime, a contract for services, materials, and use of facilities, for the repair of a vessel already launched and devoted to maritime use, is a maritime contract; and in this respect it is immaterial whether the repairs are made while she is afloat, in dry dock or hauled out upon the land. P. 126. The Robert W. Parsons, 191 U. S. 17, limited.

Argument for Appellant.

249 U. S.

The fact that the repairs are made under superintendence of the shipowner does not destroy the maritime nature of such a contract. P. 129.

For the purpose of repairing a vessel for a voyage, the owner of a shipyard, marine railway and machine shops, agreed to furnish materials and men to work under supervision of the shipowner, and to tow the vessel in and haul her out upon the land next the shops, as required in the repairs, by means of the railway, stated prices being exacted for labor, use of tug and scow, hauling out, use of railway, materials, etc. Held, an entire marine contract, for the repair of the vessel, not involving a lease, or agreement in the nature of a lease, of the railway and machine shops, the use of these being but incidental. P. 128.

Affirmed.

THE case is stated in the opinion.

Mr. Jackson H. Ralston, with whom Mr. Frank W. Aitken, Mr. H. W. Glensor and Mr. Ernest Clewe were on the brief, for appellant:

The contract involved in this case did not call for the performance by libelant of any service on or for a ship, either on water or land, but merely for the supply of a marine railway shipyard and equipment. Appellant did not bargain for making repairs or for the results of the use of the equipment, labor and materials supplied by libelant, but for the use thereof by itself. The testimony of the parties forecloses any other construction. Such a contract does not relate to "navigation, business or commerce of the sea."

The subject-matter of a contract is the test for determining whether or not admiralty has jurisdiction. Subjectmatter must not be confused with the object of a contract, Leland v. Ship Medora, 15 Fed. Cas. No. 8237; The Paola R, 32 Fed. Rep. 174; De Lovio v. Boit, 7 Fed. Cas. No. 3776; Insurance Co. v. Dunham, 11 Wall. 1, 26; The Eclipse, 135 U. S. 599, 608; Atlantic Transport Co. v. Imbrovek, 234 U. S. 52; nor must the old single test of location be entirely disregarded, The Robert W. Parsons, 191 U. S. 17;

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