AYYODAX B TO PART 15 STANDARDS POR ACCKELTEKTION OF DRITAL RADIOGRAPHY TRAINING FOR DENTAL HYGIENISTS APPREDIZ C TO PART 15-STANDARDS FOR ACCARUTIATION OF DENTAL RADIOGRAPHY TRAINING FOR DENTAL ASSISTANTS APPENDIZ D TO PART 75-8TANDARDS FOR ACCREDITATION OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS FOR NUCLEAR MEDICINE TECHNOLOGISTS APPENDIX E TO PART 75-BTANDARDS FOR ACCREDITATION OF EDUCATION PROGRAMS WOR HADIATION THERAPY TECHNOLOGISTS APPENDIX V TO PART 75-STANDARDS FOR LICENBING Radiographers, NUCLEAR MEDICINE TECHNOLOGISTS, AND RADIATION THERAPY TECHNOLOGISTS

APPENDIX G TO PART 75 STANDARDS FOR LICensing Dental Hygienists and DentAL ABBINTANTS In Dental RADIOGRAPHY AUTHORITY: Sec. 979 of the Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1901, Pub. L. 97-35, 95 Stat. 599-600 (42 U.S.C. 10004).

BOURCE: 50 FR 50717, Dec. 11, 1985, unless otherwise noted.

$75.1 Background and purpose.

(a) The purpose of these regulations in to implement the provisions of section 979 of the Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981, 42

emoration of seran perstas who admmster refining procedures and for De redentialing of such persons.

5. Seccon 9 requires the Secmacy star consultation with specidet Peteral agencies, appropriate agences of States and appropriate

fessional urganimations, to promulgate by puason the minimum standarts described above. These standards fstunguan between the occupations of Catographer. I dental hygienist, 3 fental samastant, (4) nuclear medi

ne sechaclogist, and (5) radiation therapy technciogist. In the interest of public safety and to prevent the haz acts of improper use of medical radiamon identified by Congress in its determination of the need for standards, the Secretary is also authorized to prepare standards for other occupational groups unlizing ionizing and non-ionising radiation as he she finds appro priate. However, the standards set out below are limited to the five occupa tional groups listed above, utilizing ionizing radiation. Nothing in these ac creditation standards is intended to discriminate against proprietary schools.

$75.2 Definitions.

All terms not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the Act. As used in this part:

Accreditation, as applied to an edu cational program, means recognition, by a State government or by a nongovernmental agency or association, of a specialized program of study as meeting or exceeding certain established qualifications and educational standards. As applied to a health care or educational institution, accreditation means recognition, by a State government or by a nongovernmental agency or association, of the institution as meeting or exceeding certain established standards or criteria for that type of institution.

Act means the Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981, 42 U.S.C. 10001-10008.

Continuing competency means the maintenance of knowledge and skills

and/or demonstrated performance that are adequate and relevant to professional practice needs.

Credentialing

means any process whereby a State Government or nongovernmental agency or association grants recognition to an individual who meets certain predetermined qualifications.

Dental hygienist means a person licensed by the State as a dental hygienst.

Dental assistant means a person other han a dental hygienist who assists a ientist in the care of patients.

Educational program means a set of ormally structured activities designed o provide students with the knowledge nd skills necessary to enter an occuation, with evaluation of student per>rmance according to predetermined bjectives.

Energized laboratory means any facily which contains equipment that genrates ionizing radiation. This does not Iclude facilities for training students hen the equipment is not powered to nit ionizing radiation, e.g., practice 1 setting controls and positioning of atients.

Formal training means training or ducation, including either didactic or linical practicum or both, which has a pecified objective, planned activities r students, and suitable methods for leasuring student attainment, and hich is offered, sponsored, or aproved by an organization or instituion which is able to meet or enforce hese criteria.

Ionizing radiation means any electrolagnetic or particulate radiation (XAys, gamma rays, alpha and beta paricles, high speed electrons, neutrons, nd other nuclear particles) which nteracts with atoms to produce ion airs in matter.

Licensed practitioner means a licensed octor of medicine, osteopathy, denistry, podiatry, or chiropractic.

Licensure means the process by which an agency of State government grants ermission to persons meeting preletermined qualifications to engage in in occupation.

Nuclear medicine technologist means a person other than a licensed practitioner who prepares and administers radio-pharmaceuticals to human

beings and conducts in vivo or in vitro detection and measurement of radioactivity for medical purposes.

Permit means an authorization issued by a State for specific tasks or practices rather than the entire scope of practice in an occupation.

Radiation therapy technologist means a person other than a licensed practitioner who utilizes ionizing radiationgenerating equipment for therapeutic purposes on human subjects.

Radiographer means an individual other than a licensed practitioner who (1) performs, may be called upon to perform, or who is licensed to perform a comprehensive scope of diagnostic radiologic procedures employing equipment which emits ionizing radiation, and (2) is delegated or exercises responsibility for the operation of radiationgenerating equipment, the shielding of patient and staff from unnecessary radiation, the appropriate exposure of radiographs, or other procedures which contribute to any significant extent to the site or dosage of ionizing radiation to which a patient is exposed. Radiographers are distinguished from personnel whose use of diagnostic procedures is limited to a few specific body sites and/or standard procedures, from those personnel in other clinical specialties who may occasionally be called upon to assist in diagnostic radiology, and from those technicians or assistants whose activities do not, to any significant degree, determine the site or dosage of radiation to which a patient is exposed.

Radiologist means a physician certified in radiology by the American Board of Radiology or the American Osteopathic Board of Radiology.

$75.3 Applicability.

(a) Federal Government. Except as provided in section 983 of the Act, the credentialing standards set out in the Appendixes to this part apply to those individuals who administer or propose to administer radiologic procedures, in each department, agency and instrumentality of the Federal Government as follows:

(1) Radiographer Standards apply to all individuals who are radiographers as defined in §75.2 and who are not practitioners excepted by the Act.

6, Yewa gloyed by the Fateral # addice permane you the effective tate of a re Alin and who Low endence of ourtea o f...y undur rormance mitoin 1 such from a loensed WWWORKE

(1) Calformet military personnel Why TV tallonge waining from or Chroniąh the Armed Forces of the UnitA Prates and who meet standards e tarnished by the Department of Defense of components thereof, provided that those wandards are determined by such Department or component to offer equivalent protection of patient health and safety:

(111) Foreign national employed by the Vederal government in positions outside of the United States who show evidence of training, experience, and competence determined by the employing agency to be equally protective of patients health and safety; and

(iv) Persons first employed by the Federal government as radiologic personnel after the effective date of this regulation who (a) received training from institutions in a State or foreign Jurisdiction which did not accredit training in that particular field at the time of graduation, or (b) practiced in a Atate or foreign jurisdiction which did not Hoense that particular field or which did not allow special eligibility to take a Hoensure examination for

a & teparment agency, or instruteracy if the Federal government TAJ, AĈAR SODeritance with the SecTerry. The Acerative criteria which

teractites would offer equivalent protection of panent health and safety. 3 June. The States may, but are not required to adopt standards for so-le cred canon and credentialing that are constatent with the standards set out in the appendixes to this part.

APPENDIX A TO PART 75-STANDARDS
FOR ACCREDITATION OF EDUCATIONAL
PROGRAMS FOR RADIOGRAPHERS

A. Description of the Profession
The radiographer shall perform effectively
by.

1. Applying knowledge of the principles of radiation protection for the patient, self, and others.

2. Applying knowledge of anatomy, posttioning, and radiographic techniques to ac on a radiograph. curately demonstrate anatomical structures

3. Determining exposure factors to achieve optimum radiographic technique with a minimum of radiation exposure to the patient.

4. Examining radiographs for the purpose of evaluating technique, positioning, and other pertinent technical qualities.

5. Exercising discretion and judgment in the performance of medical imaging procedures.

6. Providing patient care essential to radiologic procedures.

7. Recognizing emergency patient conditions and initiating lifesaving first aid.

B. Sponsorship

1. Accreditation will be granted to the institution that assumes primary responsibility for curriculum planning and selection of course content; coordinates classroom teaching and supervised clinical education; sp

1. The clinical phase of the educational ogram shall provide an environment for ipervised competency-based clinical edution and experience and offer a sufficient id well-balanced variety of radiographic exninations and equipment.

2. An acceptable ratio of students to regtered technologists shall be maintained in e clinical teaching environment.

3. A clinical instructor(s), who shall be reonsible for supervising students according ›› objectives, shall be identified for each prinary clinical education center.

4. The maximum student enrollment shall ot exceed the capacity recommended on the asis of volume and variety of radiographic rocedures, resources, and personnel availble for teaching purposes.

5. In programs where didactic and clinical xperience are not provided in the same intitution, accreditation shall be given only o the institution responsible for admissions, urriculum, and academic credit. The acredited institution shall be responsible for Coordinating the program and assuring that the activities assigned to the students in the

clinical setting are educational. There shall be a uniform contract between the accredited institution and each of its affiliate hospitals, clearly defining the responsibilities and obligations of each.

E. Curriculum

1. The structure of the curriculum shall be based on not less than two calendar years of full-time study or its equivalent.

2. Instruction shall follow a planned outline that includes:

(a) The assignment of appropriate instructional materials;

(b) Classroom presentations, discussions and demonstrations; and

(c) Examinations in the didactic and clinical aspects of the program.

3. All professional courses, including clinical education, must include specific curriculum content that shall include, but shall not be limited to:

(a) Introduction to radiologic technology; (b) Medical ethics;

(c) Imaging;

(d) Radiographic processing technique; (e) Human structure and function; (f) Medical terminology;

(g) Principals of radiographic exposure; (h) Radiographic procedures;

(1) Principles of radiation protection; (j) Radiographic film evaluation; (k) Methods of patient care;

(1) Pathology;

(m) Radiologic physics; and (n) Radiation biology.

Related subjects added to the professional curriculum shall meet the requirements of the degree-granting institution.

F. Finances

Financial resources for operation for the educational program shall be assured through regular budgets, gifts, grants, endowments, or fees.

G. Faculty

1. Program Director. A program director shall be designated who is credentialed in radiography. The program director's responsibilities in teaching, administration, and coordination of the educational program in radiography shall not be adversely affected by educationally unrelated functions.

(a) Minimum qualifications. A minimum of two years of professional experience and proficiency in instructing, curriculum design, program planning, and counseling.

(b) Responsibilities. (1) The program director, in consultation with the medical director/advisor (G. 2.) shall be responsible for the organization, administration, periodic review, records, continued development, and general policy and effectiveness of the program.