were the only Confederate troops that came under musketry fire after the Prentiss and Wallace surrender.

In the meantime General Bragg made an effort to get troops into position on the left of Pittsburg road, but before arrangements were completed night came on and General Beauregard ordered all the troops withdrawn. The Confederate troops sought bivouacs on the field, some occupying captured Union camps and some returning to their bivouac of Saturday night. General Beauregard remained near Shiloh Church. General Polk retired to his Saturday night camp. General Bragg was with Beauregard near the church, occupying General Sherman's headquarters camp. General Hardee and General Withers encamped with Colonel Martin in Peabody's camp. Trabue occupied camps of the Sixth Iowa and Forth-sixth Ohio. Pond's brigade alone of the infantry troops remained in line of battle confronting the Union line.

The Union troops bivouacked on their line of battle, extending from Pittsburg Landing to Snake Creek bridge, where the Third Division arrived after dark, occupying the line from McArthur's headquarters to the lowlands of the creek. Thirteen hours the battle had raged over all parts of the field without a moment's cessation. The Union Army had been steadily forced back on both flanks. The camps of all but the Second Division had been captured, and position after position surrendered after the most persistent fighting and with great loss of life on both sides. Many regiments, and brigades even, of both armies had been shattered and had lost their organization. Detachments of soldiers and parts of companies and regiments were scattered over the field, some doubtless seeking in vain for their commands; many caring for dead and wounded comrades; others exhausted with the long conflict and content to seek rest and refreshment at any place that promised relief from the terrors of the battle. The fierceness of the fighting on Sunday is shown by the losses sustained by some of the organizations engaged. The Ninth Illinois lost 366 out of 617. The Sixth Mississippi lost 300 out of 425. Cleburne's brigade lost 1,013 out of 2,700, and the brigade was otherwise depleted until he had but 800 men in line Sunday night. He continued in the fight on Monday until he had only 58 men. in line, and these he sent to the rear for ammunition.

Gladden's brigade was reduced to 224. The Fifty-fifth Illinois lost 275 out of 657. The Twenty-eighth Illinois lost 245 out of 642. The Sixth Iowa had 52 killed outright. The Third Iowa lost 33 per cent of those engaged. The Twelfth Iowa lost in killed, wounded, and prisoners 98 per cent of the present for duty. Only 10 returned to camp, and they were stretcher bearers. These are but samples; many other regiments lost in about the same proportion. The loss of officers was especially heavy; out of 5 Union division commanders 1 was killed, 1 wounded, and 1 captured; out of 15 brigade commanders 9 were on the list of casualties, and out of 61 infantry regimental commanders on the field 33 were killed, wounded, or missing, making a loss on Sunday of 45 out of 81 commanders of divisions, brigades, and regiments. The Confederate Army lost its commander in chief, killed; 2 corps commanders wounded; 3 out of 5 of its division commanders wounded; 4 of its brigade commanders killed or wounded, and 20 out of 78 of its regimental commanders killed or wounded. With such losses, the constant shifting of positions, and the length of time engaged, it is not

1

a matter to cause surprise that the Confederate Army was reduced, as General Beauregard claims, to less than 20,000 men in line, and that these were so exhausted that they sought their bivouacs with little regard to battle lines, and that both armies lay down in the rain to sleep as best they could with very little thought, by either, of any danger of attack during the night.

We find at Shiloh that with three exceptions no breastworks were prepared by either side on Sunday night. Of these exceptions a Union battery near the Landing was protected by a few sacks of corn piled up in front of the guns; some Confederate regiment arranged the fallen timber in front of Marsh's brigade camp into a sort of defensive work that served a good purpose the next day; and Lieutenant Nispel, Company E, Second Illinois Light Artillery, dug a trench in front of his guns, making a slight earthwork, which may yet be seen, just at the right of the position occupied by the siege guns. He alone of all the officers on the field thought to use the spade, which was so soon to become an important weapon of war.

a

During Sunday night the remainder of General Nelson's division and General Crittenden's division of the Army of the Ohio arrived upon the field, and early Monday morning the Union forces were put in motion to renew the battle. General Crittenden's right rested on the Corinth road, General Nelson, to his left, extending the line across Hamburg road. About 1,000 men from the Army of the Tennessee, extended the line to the overflowed land of the Tennessee. Two brigades of General McCook's arriving on the field about 8 o'clock formed on Crittenden's right, Rousseau's brigade in front line and Kirk's in reserve. At McCook's right was Hurlbut, then McClernand, then Sherman, then Lew. Wallace, whose right rested on the swamps of Owl Creek. The Army of the Ohio formed with one regiment of each brigade in reserve, and with Boyle's brigade of Crittenden's division as reserve for the whole. The remnant of W. H. L. Wallace's division, under command of Colonel Tuttle, was also in reserve behind General Crittenden.

The early and determined advance of the Union Army soon convinced General Beauregard that fresh troops had arrived. He, however, made his disposition as rapidly as possible to meet the advance by sending General Hardee to his right, General Bragg to his left, General Polk to left center, and General Breckinridge to right center with orders to each to put the Confederate troops into line of battle without regard to their original organizations. These officers hurried their staff officers to all parts of the field and soon formed a line. Hardee had Chalmers on the right in Stuart's camps; next to him was Colonel Wheeler in command of Jackson's old brigade; then Col. Preston Smith with remnants of B. R. Johnson's brigade; Colonel Maney with Stephens's brigade. Then came Stewart, Cleburne, Statham, and Martin under Breckinridge. Trabue, across the main Corinth road, just west of Duncan's, with Anderson and Gibson to his left under Polk. Then Wood, Russell, and Pond under Bragg, finishing the line to Owl Creek. Very few brigades were intact, the different regiments were hurried into line from their bivouacks and placed under the command of the nearest brigade officer, and were then detached and sent from one part of the field to another as they were needed to

a 10 W. R., 295 and 338 (Colonel Grose says 15th Illinois, but must be in error.

reenforce threatened points, until it is impossible to follow movements or determine just where each regiment was engaged.

Monday's battle opened by the advance of Gen. Lew. Wallace's division on the Union right, attacking Pond's brigade in Hare's brigade camp, and was continued on that flank by a left wheel of Wallace, extending his right until he had gained the Confederate left flank. Nelson's division commenced his advance at daylight and soon developed the Confederate line of battle behind the peach orchard. He then waited for Crittenden and McCook to get into position, and then commenced the attack upon Hardee, in which he was soon joined by all the troops on the field. The fighting seems to have been most stubborn in the center, where Hazen, Crittenden, and McCook were contending with the forces under Polk and Breckinridge upon the same ground where W. H. L. Wallace and Prentiss fought on Sunday. The 20,000 fresh troops in the Union Army made the contest an unequal one, and though stubbornly contested for a time, at about 2 o'clock General Beauregard ordered the withdrawal of his army. To secure the withdrawal he placed Colonel Looney, of the Thirty-eighth Tennessee with his regiment, augmented by detachments from other regiments, at Shiloh Church, directed him to charge the Union center. In this charge Colonel Looney passed Sherman's headquarters and pressed the Union line back to the Purdy road; at the same time General Beauregard sent batteries across Shiloh Branch and placed them in battery on the high ground beyond. With these arrangements, Beauregard, at 4 o'clock, safely crossed Shiloh Branch with his army and placed his rear guard under Breckinridge in line upon the grouna occupied by his army on Saturday night. The Confederate Army retired leisurely to Corinth, while the Union Army returned to the camps that it had occupied before the battle.

General Beauregard, in his Century "war-book" article, page 64, in speaking of "The second days fighting at Shiloh,” says:

Our widely scattered forces, which it had been impossible to organize in the night after the late hour at which they were drawn out of action, were gathered in hand for the exigency as quickly as possible.

Generals Bragg, Hardee, and Breckinridge hurried to their assigned positions— Hardee now to the extreme right, where were Chalmers' and Jackson's brigade of Bragg's corps; General Bragg to the left, where were assembled fragments of his own troops, as also of Clark's division, Polk's corps, with Trabue's brigade; Breckinridge was on the left of Hardee. This left a space to be occupied by General Polk, who, during the night, had gone with Cheatham's division back nearly to Hardee's position on the night of April 5. But just at the critical time, to my great pleasure, General Polk came upon the field with that essential division.

*

By 7 o'clock the night before all of Nelson's division had been thrown across the Tennessee, and during the night had been put in position between Grant's discouraged forces and our own. * * After exchanging some shots with Forrest's cavalry, Nelson's division was confronted with a composite force embracing Chalmer's brigade, Moore's Texas regiment, with other parts of Withers's division; also the Crescent regiment of New Orleans and the Twenty-sixth Alabama, supported by wellposted batteries, and so stoutly was Nelson received that his division had to recede somewhat. Advancing again, however, about 8 o'clock, now reenforced by Hazen's brigade, it was our turn to retire with the loss of a battery. But rallying and taking the offensive, somewhat reenforced, the Confederates were able to recover their lost ground and guns inflicting a sharp loss on Hazen's brigade, that narrowly escaped capture. Ammen's brigade was also seriously pressed and must have been turned but for the opportune arrival of Terrill's regular battery of McCook's division.

In the meantime Crittenden's division became involved in the battle, but was successfully kept at bay for several hours by the forces under Hardee and Breckinridge, until it was reenforced by two brigades of McCook's division, which had been added to the attacking force on the field after the battle had been joined.

* * *

By 1 o'clock General Bragg's forces on our left, necessarily weakened by the