ported on the left by the Fiftieth Illinois and by Willard's battery in the rear. McArthur, in a stubborn contest in which the Ninth Illinois lost 60 per cent of the men engaged, held his ground until Jackson was reinforced by Bowen's brigade of Breckinridge's corps, when McArthur fell back.

When Sherman and Prentiss discovered that they were being attacked by the Confederates in force they asked reenforcements from the divisions in their rear.

McClernand sent his third brigade to reenforce Sherman's left, and Schwartz's battery to assist Buckland. He then formed his First and Second brigades along the Pittsburg road in front of his headquarters; Marsh's brigade, with Burrows's battery on the right; Hare's brigade to the left behind the Review field; McAllister's battery at the northwest corner of said field, and Dresser's battery at Water Oaks Pond. On this line the Third brigade rallied when it fell back from Sherman's line.

Veatch's brigade of Hurlbut's division was sent to reenforce McClernand and formed behind Burrows's battery. Hurlbut marched his other brigades to the Peach Orchard and formed line of battle with Williams's brigade facing south and Lauman's brigade facing west. The batteries, Mann's, Ross's, and Myer's, all in the field behind the infantry.

W. Ĥ. L. Wallace's First Brigade, commanded by Colonel Tuttle, moved out on the Eastern Corinth road and formed on the east side of the Duncan field in an old sunken road. McArthur's brigade was disunited. The Eighty-first Ohio and the Fourteenth Missouri were sent to guard the bridge over Snake Creek; the Thirteenth Missouri to reenforce McDowell's brigade and McArthur, in person with the Ninth and Twelfth Illinois and Willard's battery, went to the support of Stuart and formed on his right rear, and at the left of Hurlbut's division, just east of the Peach Orchard. Of Sweeny's brigade, the Seventh and Fifty-eighth Illinois formed on Tuttle's right connecting it with McClernand's left. The Fiftieth Illinois was sent to McArthur. The other regiments were held in reserve until about noon when the Eighth Iowa formed on Tuttle's left to fill a gap between Wallace and Prentiss. The Fifty-seventh Illinois went to the extreme left, and the Fifty-second Illinois reported to McClernand at his sixth position just east of Tilghman Creek. Batteries D, H, and K, First Missouri Light Artillery, were placed along the ridge in rear of Tuttle. Prentiss rallied his broken division, not over 800 men, on Hurlbut's right connecting it with Wallace's left.

In the early morning, General Grant at Savannah heard the firing and directed General Nelson, of the Army of the Ohio, to march his division along the east bank of the Tennessee to the point opposite Pittsburg. Then, leaving a request for General Buell to hurry his troops forward as rapidly as possible, he hastened by boat to join his army. Arriving upon the field at about the time that Prentiss was driven from his camp, he immediately dispatched orders to Gen. Lew. Wallace to bring his division to the battlefield. There has ever since been a dispute as to the terms of this order and the time of its delivery. It is admitted that General Wallace received an order, and that he started his command at about 12 o'clock by a road leading into the Hamburg and Purdy road west of the bridge over Owl Creek on the right of Sherman's camps. This bridge was abandoned by McDowell and held.

by the Confederates at 10 o'clock. An aide from General Grant overtook Wallace on this road about 3 o'clock and turned him back to the Savannah and Hamburg, or river road, by which he reached the battlefield about 7 o'clock p. m.

In the movements of the Confederate troops in the morning Gibson's brigade of Bragg's corps had followed Shaver's brigade and had halted just inside the line of camps. This had separated Gibson from Anderson by the length of a brigade; into this space Bragg directed Stephens's brigade, of Polk's corps, and it entered the line of camps in rear of Wood's brigade. Stewart's brigade, also of Polk's corps, was sent to the right and entered the line of camps in rear of Gladden's brigade. When Prentiss was driven back General Johnston ordered his reserve into action by sending Trabue forward on the Pittsburg Landing road to Shiloh Church, while Bowen and Statham were moved down the Bark road and formed line of battle south of the Peach Orchard to the left rear of Jackson and completing the line to where Gladden's brigade, now commanded by Adams, was resting near Prentiss's headquarters camp.

Following the capture of the guns of Waterhouses's battery and the retreat of Sherman and Raith to the Purdy road, Wood's and Shaver's brigades, with Swett's battery, were ordered to left wheel. Stewart's brigade was sent by left flank along the rear of Peabody's camp to Wood's left where three of the regiments took their places in line, while the Fourth Tennessee, supported by the Twelfth Tennessee, from Russell's brigade, went into line between Wood's and Shaver's brigades. Stanford's battery took position in the camp of the Fourth Illinois Cavalry. Joining this force on its left were the somewhat disorganized brigades of Cleburne, Anderson, Johnson, and Russell. General Polk was personally directing their movements and led them forward, without waiting for perfect organization, in pursuit of Sherman's retreating brigades. This combined force of seven brigades moved to the attack of McClernand and Sherman in their second position along the Pittsburg and Purdy road. The right of this attacking force, extending beyond McClernand's left, became engaged with W. H. L. Wallace's troops near Duncan House, while Stephens's brigade of Polk's Corps engaged the left of Tuttle's brigade and Prentiss's division in the Hornets' Nest. At the same time Gladden attacked Lauman on west side of the Peach Orchard. In these attacks Generals Hindman and Wood were disabled, and the Confederates in front of Wallace, Prentiss, and Lauman were repulsed.

The attack upon McClernand and Sherman was successful, and drove these commands back to the center of Marsh's brigade camp, where they made a short stand at what McClernand calls his third line, and then retired to the field at the right of that camp, to the fourth line. The third and fourth brigades of Sherman's division retired to the landing, and his first brigade, McDowell's, took position on McClernand's right.

In the repulse of McClernand from his second and third line he had lost Burrows's entire battery of six guns, which was taken by Wood's brigade; also one gun of McAllister's battery, taken by the Fourth Tennessee, and two guns of Schwartz's battery and four guns of Dresser's battery; part of these, perhaps all, are claimed by the One hundred and fifty-fourth Tennessee.

Rallying in camp of Hare's brigade, McClernand, with McDowell's

brigade on his right, checked the Confederate advance, and then, by a united countercharge, at 12 o'clock, recovered his second brigade camp and his own headquarters, and captured Cobb's Kentucky battery. McClernand gives the Eleventh Iowa and the Eleventh and Twentieth Illinois the credit for the capture of this battery. In the forward movement the Sixth Iowa and the Forty-sixth Ohio of McDowell's brigade, and Thirteenth Missouri of McArthur's brigade, became engaged with Trabue's Confederate brigade in a fierce battle, of which Trabue says:

The combat here was a severe one. I fought the enemy an hour and a quarter, killing and wounding 400 or 500 of the Forty-sixth Ohio Infantry, as well as of another Ohio regiment, a Missouri regiment, and some Iowa troops. * * * I lost here many men and several officers.

The number killed, wounded, and missing of the Forty-sixth Ohio at the battle of Shiloh, both days, was 246. But of the three regiments opposed to Trabue there were 510 killed, wounded, and missing; most of them were doubtless lost in this conflict. So that Trabue may not have seriously erred in his statement.

At the time that McClernand fell back from his second position, General Stewart took command of Wood's and Shaver's brigades, and with the Fourth Tennessee of his own brigade moved to the right and renewed the attack upon Tuttle and Prentiss. Meeting a severe repulse he withdrew at 12 o'clock, with the Fourth Tennessee, to the assistance of the force in front of McClernand. At the same time Shaver's and Wood's brigades retired for rest and ammunition, and Stephens's brigade moved to the right and joined Breckinridge south of the Peach Orchard.

General Bragg then brought up Gibson's brigade, which had been resting near Peabody's camp, and sent it in four separate charges against the position held by Prentiss and Tuttle. Gibson's brigade was shattered in their useless charges and retired from the field. While Bragg was directing these several movements, Generals Polk and Hardee had renewed the attack upon McClernand and in a contest lasting two hours had driven him back once more to the camp of his First Brigade where he maintained his position until 2.30 p. m., when he fell back across the valley of Tilghman Creek to his sixth line, abandoning the last of his camps.

About 12 o'clock General Johnston, having gotten his reserve in position south of the Peach Orchard, assumed personal command of the right wing of his army and directed a combined forward movement, intending to break the Union left where Chalmers and Jackson had been engaged since about 10 o'clock, in an unsuccessful fight with Stuart and McArthur. Bowen's brigade was sent to support Jackson and was closely followed, en échelon to the left, by Statham's, Stephens's, and Gladden's brigades in an attack upon Hurlbut in the Peach Orchard. Stuart, hard pressed by Chalmers and threatened on the flank by Clanton's cavalry, was, as we have seen, the first to yield, and falling back left McArthur's flank exposed, compelling him and Hurlbut to fail back to the north side of the Pech Orchard. As Hurlbut's First Brigade fell back, Lauman's brigade on its right was transferred to the left of the division in support of McArthur. Hurlbut's division as then formed stood at a right angle with the line of Prentiss and Wallace.

At 2.30 p. m., while personally directing the movements of his reserve, General Johnston was struck by a minie ball and almost instantly killed. 605A-03-2

The death of the Confederate commander in chief caused a relaxation of effort on that flank until General Bragg, hearing of Johnston's death, turned over the command at the center to General Ruggles and, repairing to the right, assumed command, and again ordered a forward

movement.

General Ruggles, having noted the ineffectual efforts of Bragg to break the Union center, determined to concentrate artillery upon that point. He therefore assembled ten batteries and a section, sixty-two guns, and placed them in position along the west side of the Duncan field and southeast of the Review field. In support of these batteries he brought up portions of the brigades of Gibson, Shaver, Wood, Anderson, and Stewart with the Thirtieth Tennessee and Crescent regiment of Pond's brigade, and once more attacked the position so stubbornly held by Wallace and Prentiss. The concentrated fire of these sixty-two guns drove away the Union batteries, but was not able to rout the infantry from its sheltered position in the old road.

William Preston Johnston, in the Life of General Albert Sidney Johnston, gives this graphic description of the fighting at this point:

This portion of the Federal line was occupied by Wallace's division and by the remnants of Prentiss's division. Here behind a dense thicket on the crest of a hill was posted a strong force of as hardy troops as ever fought, almost perfectly protected by the conformation of the ground. To assail it an open field had to be passed, enfiladed by the fire of its batteries. It was nicknamed by the Confederates by that very mild metaphor, "The Hornets' Nest." No figure of speech would be too strong to express the deadly peril of an assault upon this natural fortress whose inaccessible barriers blazed for six hours with sheets of flame and whose infernal gates poured forth a murderous storm of shot and shell and musketry fire which no living thing could quell or even withstand. Brigade after brigade was led against it, but valor was of no avail. Hindman's brilliant brigades which had swept everything before them from the field were shivered into fragments and paralyzed for the remainder of the day. Stewart's regiments made fruitless assaults, but only to retire mangled from the field. Bragg now ordered up Gibson's splendid brigade; it made a charge, but like the others recoiled and fell back. Bragg sent orders to charge again. * * * Four times the position was charged. Four times the assault proved unavailing, the brigade was repulsed. About half past 3 o'clock the struggle which had been going on for five hours with fitful violence was renewed with the utmost fury. Polk's and Bragg's corps, intermingled, were engaged in a death grapple with the sturdy commands of Wallace and Prentiss. * * * General Ruggles judiciously collected all the artillery he could find, some eleven batteries, which he massed against the position. The opening of so heavy a fire and the simultaneous advance of the whole Confederate line resulted first in confusion and then in defeat of Wallace and the surrender of Prentiss at about half past 5 o'clock. Each Confederate commander of division, brigade, and regiment, as his command pounced upon the prey, believed it entitled to the credit of the capture. Breckinbridge, Ruggles, Withers, Cheatham, and other divisions which helped to subdue these stubborn fighters each imagined his own the hardest part of the work.

Generals Polk and Hardee, with the commingled commands of the Confederate left, had followed McClernand in his retreat across Tilghman Creek and about 4 o'clock Hardee sent Pond with three of his regiments and Wharton's cavalry to attack the Union position upon the east side of this creek. In this attack the Confederates were repulsed with heavy loss, the Eighteenth Louisiana alone losing 42 per cent of those engaged. Pond retired to the west side of the creek and took no further part in the action of Sunday. Trabue and Russell, with some other detachments, renewed the attack, and at 4.30 p. m. succeeded in driving McClernand and Veatch back to the Hamburg road, then wheeled to the right against the exposed flank of W. H. L. Wallace's division. At the same time Bragg had forced back the Union left until McArthur and Hurlbut, seeing that they were in

danger of being cut off from the Landing, withdrew their forces, letting the whole of Bragg's forces upon the rear of Prentiss and Wallace, while Polk and Hardee were attacking them on their right flank and Ruggles was pounding them from the front. Wallace attempted to withdraw by the left flank, but in passing the lines, closing behind him, he was mortally wounded. Colonel Tuttle with two of his regiments succeeded in passing the lines while four of Wallace's regiments with the part of Prentiss's division were completely surrounded, and, after an ineffectual effort to force their way back to the Landing, were compelled to surrender at 5.30 p. m. The number of prisoners captured here and in previous engagements was 2,254 men and officers, about an equal number from each division. General Prentiss and the mortally wounded General Wallace were both taken prisoners, but General Wallace was left on the field and was recovered by his friends next day, and died at Savannah, Tenn., four days later.

During the afternoon, Colonel Webster, chief of artillery, on General Grant's staff, had placed Madison's battery of siege guns in position about a quarter of a mile out from the Landing, and then, as the other batteries came back from the front, placed them in position to the right and left of the siege guns. Hurlbut's division as it came back was formed on the right of these guns; Stuart's brigade on the left; parts of Wallace's division and detached regiments formed in the rear and to the right of Hurlbut, connecting with McClernand's left. McClernand extended the line to Hamburg and Savannah road and along that road to near McArthur's headquarters, where Buckland's brigade of Sherman's division, with three regiments of McArthur's brigade, were holding the right which covered the bridge by which Gen. Lew. Wallace was to arrive on the field.

About 5 o'clock Ammen's brigade of Nelson's division of the Army of the Ohio reached the field, the Thirty-sixth Indiana taking position near the left in support of Stone's battery. Two gunboats, the Tyler and Lexington, were at the mouth of Dill Branch, just above the Landing.

After the capture of Prentiss an attempt was made to reorganize the Confederate forces for an attack upon the Union line in position near the Landing. Generals Chalmers and Jackson and Colonel Trabue moved their commands to the right down the ridge south of Dill Branch until they came under fire of the Union batteries and gunboats, which silenced Gage's battery, the only one with the command. Trabue sheltered his command on the south side of the ridge, while Chalmers and Jackson moved into the valley of Dill Branch and pressed skirmishers forward to the brow of the hill on the north side of the valley, but their exhausted men, many of them without ammunition, could not be urged to a charge upon the batteries before them. Colonel Deas, commanding a remnant of Gladden's brigade, formed with 224 men in the ravine on Jackson's left, and Anderson formed at the head of the ravine, where he remained ten or fifteen minutes, then he retired beyond range of the floating guns. Colonel Lindsay, First Mississippi Cavalry, charged upon and captured Ross's battery, as it was withdrawing from position near Hurlbut's headquarters, and then with 30 or 40 men crossed the head of Dill Branch and attempted to charge another battery, but finding himself in the presence of an infantry force "managed to get back under the hill without damage." This cavalry and the skirmishers from Chalmers' and Jackson's brigades