The World Bank since Bretton WoodsBrookings Institution Press, 2010 M12 1 - 915 pages This book examines the origins, policies, operations, and impact of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the other members of the World Bank group: the International Finance Corporation, the International Development Association,and the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes. |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
How the Bank Came into Being | 11 |
Preparatory Work on the Bank | 14 |
Atlantic City | 19 |
Bretton Woods | 21 |
Organizational Questions | 28 |
Ratification | 33 |
The Bank Opens for Business | 36 |
Adequacy of IDA Structure | 413 |
IDA in Perspective | 417 |
Leverage and Performance | 420 |
Sources of Bank Influence or Leverage | 424 |
Project and Sector Performance | 434 |
Country Performance | 441 |
The Banks Conception of the Development Process and Its Role Therein | 457 |
The Early Period | 458 |
Arrival and Departure of the First President | 40 |
Interregnum and Installation of a New Team | 48 |
Basic Agreement with the United Nations and Early Relations with Other International Agencies | 54 |
Resignation of the Second President | 60 |
Summary | 61 |
Organizational and Institutional Evolution | 62 |
Membership and Voting | 63 |
Growth and Internationalization of Staff | 66 |
Organizational Evolution | 72 |
Executive Directors and the Presidents They Elect | 87 |
Presidents and Their Presidencies | 94 |
Three Perspectives | 101 |
Financing the Bank | 105 |
Capital Subscriptions Earnings and Equity | 108 |
The Bank as a Borrower | 124 |
Summary and Conclusions | 147 |
The Bank as a Supplier of Capital 19471952 | 150 |
Early Lending | 153 |
Early Nonlending | 169 |
Lending 194752 Classified by Purpose and Area | 176 |
A Preview | 177 |
Summary | 189 |
The Bank Group as a Supplier of Capital 19521971 | 191 |
Geographical Distribution of Bank Group Loans and Credits | 193 |
Distribution of Bank Group Lending among Economic Sectors | 199 |
Share of Bank Group in Total Official Development Assistance | 207 |
Terms of Bank Group Lending | 210 |
Repayments from Borrowers and Their Effect on Net Lending and Net Capital Transfers of the Bank Group | 217 |
The Burden of Debt and the Problem of Debt Rescheduling | 221 |
Summary and Conclusions | 226 |
Project Lending and Project Appraisal | 229 |
Project Selection and Preparation | 232 |
Project Appraisal | 235 |
Innovations in Project Appraisal | 240 |
Economic and Financial Rates of Return | 247 |
Project Supervision | 254 |
Summary and Conclusions | 257 |
Program Lending and Local Expenditure Financing | 260 |
Development of Bank Policy on Local Expenditure Financing | 275 |
Industrial Import Credits | 282 |
Summary and Conclusions | 289 |
The Bank and IDA as Sources of Technical Assistance | 295 |
Assistance in Development Programming | 299 |
1965 and After | 305 |
Assistance in Project Identification and Preparation | 307 |
Cooperative Arrangements with FAO and Unesco | 314 |
Technical Assistance Incorporated in Loans and Credits | 315 |
Permanent Missions Impermanent Missions and Development Advisory Services | 320 |
The Economic Development Institute | 324 |
In Summary | 331 |
The Bank Group and the Private Investor | 335 |
Promoting Private International Capital Flows | 336 |
Bank Group Financing of Private Industrial Enterprise | 345 |
Mobilizing Domestic Capital for Investment | 366 |
Summary and Conclusions | 378 |
The International Development Association | 380 |
Prehistory of IDA 194959 | 381 |
IDA Articles of Agreement | 389 |
Use of IDA Resources | 396 |
Replenishment of IDA Resources | 406 |
Later Developments | 469 |
More Recent Views | 473 |
Summary and Conclusions | 479 |
A Note on the Meaning of Economic Development | 481 |
The Bank Group and Bilateral Development Finance | 491 |
The Bank and US Government Programs | 494 |
The Bank and Other Bilateral Programs | 505 |
Consortia and Consultative Groups | 510 |
Joint and Parallel Financing | 528 |
A Retrospective View | 535 |
The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund | 538 |
The International Monetary Fund | 539 |
Institutional Relationships | 544 |
Stabilization and Growth | 554 |
The Bank Group and Other International Organizations | 559 |
Pre1958 Relations with the United Nations | 561 |
Post1958 Relations with UN Development Machinery | 566 |
The Bank and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development | 576 |
The Bank and Regional Development Banks | 578 |
Portugal and South Africa | 586 |
Some Concluding Thoughts | 591 |
The Bank as International Mediator Three Episodes | 595 |
Water | 610 |
The High Dam | 627 |
Conclusion | 642 |
Beginnings of a Balance Sheet Five Country Vignettes | 647 |
The Bank and Colombia | 649 |
The Bank and Brazil | 657 |
The Bank in the Subcontinent | 665 |
The Bank and Thailand | 683 |
Postscript | 691 |
The Balance Sheet Continued Sectoral and Overall Impact | 693 |
Overall Impact | 694 |
Transportation | 706 |
Agriculture | 710 |
Electric Power | 715 |
Other Sectors | 718 |
The Legacy in Brief | 721 |
At the Threshold of the Banks Second Quarter Century | 723 |
Financial Prospects | 726 |
Scope and Direction of Bank Group Lending | 731 |
Terms of Future Bank Group Lending | 735 |
Organization and Administration of the Bank | 737 |
The Bank Group and the Private Sector | 743 |
The Bank as Part of an Emerging International System | 749 |
A Final Word | 754 |
Appendixes | 757 |
Articles of Agreement | 759 |
A2 Excerpts from Articles of Agreement of the International Finance Corporation | 780 |
A3 Excerpts from Articles of Agreement of the International Development Association | 787 |
Presidents Vice Presidents Numbers of Members and Executive Directors and Volume of Operations | 797 |
Membership Voting Power and Subscriptions to Capital Stock | 800 |
Chronology | 812 |
Loans Credits and Investments | 827 |
Sources of IBRD Funds | 857 |
Disbursements by Country of Supply and by Category of Goods | 861 |
Organization and Personnel | 865 |
Selected Readings and Reference Materials | 882 |
891 | |
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The World Bank Since Bretton Woods: The Origins, Policies, Operations, and ... Edward Sagendorph Mason No preview available - 1973 |
Common terms and phrases
agencies agricultural amount appraisal Articles of Agreement Bank lending Bank loans Bank's Bank/IDA bilateral Board of Governors borrowing country Brazil Bretton Woods capital markets Chapter Colombia consortium consultative group Corporation costs creditworthiness currency debt Department development assistance Development Bank development finance companies disbursements discussion East Pakistan Economic Development Eugene Black executive directors expenditure external fiscal foreign exchange Fund growth guarantee IBRD IDA credits important increase India Indus industrial institutions interest International Bank International Development International Development Association International Finance Corporation International Monetary Fund investment investors Iran issues June 30 lender less developed countries meeting member countries memorandum ment million mission Monetary negotiations operations organization Pakistan payments percent problems program lending program loans proposed Section sector sources staff subscriptions technical assistance tion U.S. dollars UNDP United Nations votes World Bank World Bank Group