0395 Campbell, Colin D.; Campbell, Conflicting Views on the Effect of Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH. Based on a review of literature explaining the sharp decline in labor-force participation of the elderly, the effect of old-age and survivors insurance (OASI) on retirement is analyzed. SSA studies minimize the impact of OASI on retirement decisions, whereas independent studies usually emphasize the role of OASI in the accelerated retirement rate. Examination of census and manpower data indicates that OASI encour ages early retirement. The effects of OASI are discussed in terms of the economic condition of elderly persons. aab-mod. 0396 Clark, Robert L.; Spengler, Joseph Durham, NC, Duke University, 1978. Funded by National Science Foundation. In a paper presented at the Retirement Policy and Further Population Aging Conference, held October 1978, at Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Durham, North Carolina, the relationships between agestructure changes, retirement policy, and income security of the elderly are discussed. The importance of the development of a national retirement policy is emphasized. Demographic factors, health status, Government policy regarding labor supply, existing retirement policies, and inflation are discussed. Recommendations include an immediate review of policies and programs that affect retirement decisions, and consideration of government provided cost-ofliving bonds or annuities to retirees. aab-mod. 0397 Clauss, Carin Ann. The Federal and California Age Discrimination in Employment Laws: The Federal Law. Aging and Work, 2(1):12-17, 1979. • Department of Labor. Provisions of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) and its 1978 amendments are discussed and compared to those of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. It is noted that ADEA does permit certain age distinctions due to cost, and totally eliminates mandatory retirement in the Federal sector at any age and in the private sector before age 78. Other provisions relating to life, health, and long-term disability insurance for workers approaching age 65 are described. pro-gen. 0398 Cohen. Wilbur J. Retirement Policies under Social 0400 Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The Retirement Test under Social Security: A Report on a Study Called for by the Congress in P.L. 90-248, the Social Security Amendments of 1967. Washington, DC, DHEW, 1968. 32 pp. Results and recommendations of a study of the retirement test mandated by the Social Security Amendments of 1967 are presented. Proposed changes in the retirement test are: (1) that the annual exempt amount be raised from $1,680 to $1,800, with a corresponding increase in the monthly amount; (2) that a new law include a provision for automatic adjustment of the exempt amount to rises in earnings levels; and (3) that $3 in benefits be withheld for every $4 the beneficiary earns over $3,000. pro-gen. 0401 Epstein, Lenore A. Social Security Bulletin, Social Security Administration, To improve benefits of early retirees, early retirement is examined in light of retirees' lifetime work experience, based on SSA employment and earnings records. The following related issues are examined: whether retirees were primary or secondary earners; labor-force attachment; level of employment earnings; and earning trends during later years. pro-gen. 0402 Foegen, J. H. Time to be Honest-With Older Employees. Public Personnel Management, 2(5):320-326, 1973. Winona State College, Winona, MN. Mandatory retirement is considered in terms of the individual's right to decide on retirement age. The inconsistency of the mandatory retirement rule is examined in view of inflation, effect on productivity, and employee participation in decisionmaking. Also discussed are issues of economic and psychological disorientation, discrimination against older persons, organized activity promoting the cause of the older citizen, and efforts of the Federal Government and organized labor. pro-gen. 0402.1 Gallaway, Lowell E. The Retirement Decision: An Exploratory Essay. (SSA/ORS, Research Report No. 9) Wash- Social Security Administration, Presented is a theoretical apparatus that analyzes the economics of the decision to retire fully, partially, or Recent amendments to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) regarding clients' employment practices with respect to mandatory retirement and pension/welfare plan treatment of older workers are discussed. Key changes in the ADEA include increasing to 70 years the age limitation to which prohibitions apply and the prohibition of mandatory retirement under seniority or pension systems. The effects of the legislation on payment and computation of benefits to employees who work past the eligible retirement age are discussed. The effects of the requirement of disability coverage for pregnancy are described, and the employer's responsibilities under the law are outlined. jnl-mod. 0414 Kreps, Juanita M. Age, Work, and Income. Southern Economic Journal, 43(4):1423-1437, 1977. Duke University, Durham, NC. Relationships among age, work capacity, and income and effects of demographic changes on old-age support patterns and costs are examined and discussed in terms of policy issues relating to intergenerational income transfers, particularly the social security system. jnl-mod. Office of Research and Statistics. The characteristics of persons who were recently awarded benefits as retired workers are examined on the basis of the Survey of Newly Entitled Beneficiaries. Demographic characteristics of beneficiaries as well their economic resources and employment status during the period immediately following their awards are described. The particular focus is on men who became entitled before age 65 and thus received monthly benefits at an actuarially reduced rate. aab-mod. 0417 Lingg, Barbara A. Social Security Administration, Social security beneficiaries who lost benefits in 1975 because of the earnings test are described in terms of earnings, benefits payable, and benefits lost. Also examined are the relationships among certain beneficiary characteristics such as age, sex, race, primary insurance amount, family status, and type of employment. aab-mod. 0415 Kreps, Juanita M. Lifetime Allocation of Work and Income: Funded by Dept. of Labor, Manpower Essays focusing on recent developments in lifetime work and earnings patterns and the impact of economics on retirement benefits are presented. Topics covered include: (1) work and income through the lifespan; (2) working time in selected countries; (3) temporal allocation of income; and (4) policy considerations on work and income allocations in the United States. pro-gen. 0416 Lauriat, Patience; Rabin, William. Men Who Claim Benefits Before Age 65: Findings From the Survey of New Beneficiaries, 1968. Social Security Bulletin, 33(11):3-29, 1970. Social Security Administration, 0418 Macdonald, Robert M. Mandatory Retirement and the Law. (AEI Studies in Social Security and Retirement Policy, No. 204) Washington, DC, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1978. 29 pp. Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH. The author evaluates P.L. 95-256, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act Amendments of 1978, which prohibits mandatory retirement before age 70. Pro and con arguments on mandatory retirement are presented. It is contended that Congress acted hastily on the amendment without receiving adequate estimates of its social and economic impacts. The labor-supply effects of the law are viewed as depending upon responses of individual employers. jnl-mod. 0419 Manion, U. Vincent. Why Employees Retire Early. Personnel Journal, |