Chapter 7: International Issues & Studies This chapter covers U.S. and foreign comparative studies and selected single-country studies of social security programs and related socioeconomic developments abroad. Included are reports from social security agencies, international organizations, private and public research organizations as well as studies by SSA's Comparative Studies Staff. In addition to social security related materials, this chapter deals with foreign programs of public and private employee pensions and other benefits; public assistance; health insurance; other incomemaintenance programs; and the effects inflation, labormarket conditions, and monetary policy have on these programs. 357 1733 Abel-Smith, Brian. An International Study of Health (WHO, Public Health Papers, No. 32) Funded by World Health Organization. 1734 Abel-Smith, Brian. Perspectives on Income Inequality and In: Booth, P., ed., Social Security: In a paper originally presented at the Security, Ann Arbor, Michigan, April, 1972, British and American experience with income-maintenance plans is analyzed to point out the difficulties such programs have in alleviating income inequality. British action to mitigate poverty among the elderly, family poverty, and disability due to sickness or injury is summarized. It is asserted that in both America and Britain, the problem of poverty cannot be resolved without much wider changes in income distribution. pro-gen. 1735 Anderson, Michael. The Impact on the Family Relationships In: Shanas, E., et al., eds., Family, University of Edinburgh, Changes in the family relationships of making possible a more equitable relationship, and by making assistance interdependent between parents and children, State-provided income maintenance in old age has markedly reduced the tensions and conflicts in family relationships and made other functional relationships more possible. pro-gen. 1736 Arroba, Gonzalo. Social Security Planning and National International Social Security The relationship between social security planning and national economic planning in developing countries is discussed, and ways to integrate the two are outlined. National economic data needed to plan a social security system are described, and themes for the analysis of the effects of social security on the economy and for the establishment of the social security model most suitable to specific economic goals and conditions are suggested. jnl-mod. 1737 Arroba, Gonzalo. Social Security and National Economy: In: ISSA, Proceedings of the Vth Inter- Geneva, Switzerland, International Inter-American Centre for A report to the International Social Security Association's (ISSA) Fifth International Conference of Social Security Actuaries and Statisticians, Berne, Switzerland, 1971, discusses the relationship between social security and national income distribution in developing countries. Progress in ISSA supported research in this field is traced, and the results summarized. Factors in an analysis of the economic effects of social security are outlined, and suggestions for construction of a model of social security in developing nations are given. pro-gen. 1739 Clark, Robert M. Economic Security for the Aged in the Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Queen's Printer A study of economic security in the United States and Canada was undertaken to report on measures allowing greater coverage and benefits in the United States and their possible adoption in Canada. Topics include the Social Security Act and the Committee on Economic Security; coverage, benefits, financing, and administration of old-age, survivors, and disability insurance, the use of trust funds; old-age assistance and disability and blindness allowances in Canada; and supplementary allowances and health services for Canadian beneficiaries. pro-gen. 1740 Clark, Robert M. Economic Security for the Aged in the United States and Canada: A Report Prepared for the Government of Canada, Vol. II. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, 1960. 350 pp. The second volume of a report to the Canadian government focuses on Canadian and U.S. old-age security legislation, employee-pension plans, and a proposed Canadian contributory pension plan with сс a t graduated benefits. The Canadian government annuities plan is described and compared with American old-age insurance in terms of benefits, financing, coverage, and average payments in relation to personal income and consumer price level. Basic principles in determining Government pension levels are outlined. pro-gen. 1741 Commission of the European Communities. Comparative Tables of the Social General comparative tables on social 1742 Commission of the European Communities. The Economic Impact of Social Security. (Social Policy Series, No. 21) Brussels, Belgium, Commission of the European Communities, 1970. 193 pp. The economic impact of social security in the European community is analyzed by a commission of experts. Issues examined are the relationship between social security and the economy; primary redistribution of income through social security; the econometrics of social security; and the effects of social security on consumption, manpower supply and demand, the price structure, the current economic situation, and economic growth. pro-gen. 1743 Copeland, Lois S. Defining Disability: A Cross-Country (SSA/ORS, Staff Paper No. 28) Washing- Social Security Administration, Belgian, French, Dutch, West German, British, and Swedish definitions of disability were examined in terms of the recommendations of the 1975 U.S. Advisory Council on Social Security. Most systems provide pensions for both permanent partial invalidity and total invalidity and evaluate severity of invalidity in terms of the worker's inability to do his regular job (occupational incapacity), inability to do any work at all (general invalidity), or his need for constant attendance. jnl-mod. 1744 Copeland, Lois S. Social Security Bulletin, Social Security Administration, Worldwide developments in social security between 1975 and 1977 are assessed. Recent trends covered include: inflation and recession adjustment; lower retirement age; changes in invalidity protection; constant-attendance allowances; universal health care programs; and extension of health care coverage. Results are seen to indicate across-theboard improvement in risk protection in most of the 130 countries surveyed. This article is based on data presented in SSA's most recent edition of "Social Security Throughout the World." pro-gen. 1745 Coppini, Mario Alberto. Social Security and National Economy. Geneva, Switzerland, International Istituto Nazionale per l'Assicura- Presented at the International Social Security Association's Fifth International Conference of Social Security Actuaries and Statisticians, Berne, Switzerland, 1971, this paper analyzes the relationship between social security and national economic development. The tendency of social insurance costs to outstrip increases in gross national product is noted, and a literature re |