0511 Rosenman, Linda. St. Louis University, The manner in which income security programs discriminate against women is described, and suggestions for eliminating these injustices are presented. Public and private retirement systems, unemployment insurance, and public assistance programs are considered. It is argued that these programs discriminate against women by excluding from coverage conditions that apply exclusively or primarily to women, or by virtue of a program design based on the typical pattern of a man's working life. One suggestion for remedying the ills of discriminaton involves social security coverage for housewives. aab-mod. 0512 Ross, Heather L.; Sawhill, Isabel V. Time of Transition: The Growth of. Funded by Ford Foundation and DHEW, In the first of a series of research studies focusing on the social and economic conditions of women, the growth of families headed by women (singleparent households) is documented, and the public policy implications of this phenomenon are discussed. The question of whether social policy should guarantee female household heads support by enforcing common law requirements and by providing transfer payments, or whether it should aim at improving women's earnings, is analyzed. It is contended that public policy in this area should be shaped with as complete an awareness of its impacts as possible, and that policy should not be designed to favor one family type over another. jnl-mod. 0513 Sherman, Sally R. Labor-Force Status of Nonmarried Women Social Security Administration, Labor-force participation of nonmarried women aged 58-63 in 1969 was investigated via analysis of data from the SSA Retirement History Study. Differences in participation by race and age are characterized as a function of health differences by race and age. Data from self-assessment of health and retirement status are discussed. jnl-mod. 0514 Sommers, Tish. Women and Equal Treatment. In: Social Security Administration, National Organization for Women, In a panel discussion held on social security at the San Francisco Forum on Social Security in a World of Change, San Francisco, California, June 12-13, 1978, the basic sexism in the social security philosophy is identified, and social security is termed the worst example of institutionalized sexism in the Nation. It is argued that the benefit and tax structures discriminate against women. Recommendations are made to begin to eliminate sexism in social security. pro-gen. 0515 Thompson, Gayle B. Aged Women OASDI Beneficiaries: Income Social Security Administration, Selected benefit characteristics-primary insurance amount, entitlement status, and actuarial reduction-of women aged 62 and over are examined, and the relationship between these characteristics and receipt of income from other sources and size of total income in 1971 is described. The comparatively disadvantageous economic situation of the oldest cohorts of aged beneficiary women is attributed to the fact that cash benefits under old-age, survivors, and disability insurance are not adjusted to reflect rising wage levels after retirement or to steady increases in the taxable maximum. jnl-mod. 8 0516 U.S. Congress. House. Select Women in Midlife-Security and Comm. Print, Comm. Pub. No. 95-170, 95th Cong., 2d Sess. (1978). Washington, DC, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1978. 2 Parts. 514 pp. Part I of a two-part presentation includes 19 papers from various contributors on such topics as retirement preparation for women, balancing work and family responsibilities, private pensions and women, problems of displaced homemakers, new careers and financial independence, and overcoming age and sex discrimination. Part II contains an annotated bibliography for each of the papers. pro-gen. 0517 U.S. Congress. House. Select Committee on Aging. Subcommittee on Retirement Income and Employment. Income Security for Older Women: Path to Equality. Comm. Print, 94th Cong., 1st Sess. (1975). Washington, DC, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1976. 34 pp. A report discusses equality in income security for older women in terms of social security for homemakers, supplemental security income, benefits from other pensions, age and sex discrimination in employment, and special problems of minority women. Recommendations and proposals for correcting existing inequities are offered. pro-gen. 0518 U.S. Congress. Senate. Special Committee on Aging. Task Force on Women and Social Security. Women and Social Security: Adapting to a New Era. Comm. Print, 94th Cong., 1st Sess. (1975). Washington, DC, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1975. 87 pp. This report reviews women's coverage under social security and suggests measures to eliminate sex discrimination by the system. The changing roles of womer in the labor force are discussed, and it is noted that the concentration of women in part-time and low-paying jobs and the in-and-out labor-force pattern of most women have resulted in lower Recommendasocial security benefits. tions are offered to strengthen and equalize social security protection for women and their dependents. pro-gen. 0519 United States Commission on Civil Rights. A Guide to Federal Laws and Regulations A revised edition of the Commission guide presents updated information on Federal laws and regulations that prohibit sex discrimination, as well as a summary of nondiscriminatory policies of Federal agencies. Major provisions of each law and regulation and the complaint procedures established under each are described. jnl-mod. 0520 United States Commission on Civil Rights. Toward Elimination of Sex-Based Differentials in the Social Security System. Washington, DC, Commission on Civil Rights, 1974. 47 pp. The equity and adequacy of old-age, survivors, and disability insurance benefits for women are analyzed, and recommendations are made for elimination of sex-based differentials. Recommendations involve equalizing benefit rights for dependents of women workers; eliminating discrimination due to dual entitlement as dependents and wage earners; revising the method of averaging income to calculate benefits; and revising the eligibility requirements for disability benefits. Additional recommendations concern persons who work in the home, surviving spouses of covered workers, and benefits to divorced spouses. pro-gen. Section 5-Economic Status of the Aged Studies analyzing the economic status of the aged and of persons approaching retirement and the impact of retirement benefits on their economic status are included in this section. The materials were selected to reflect issues of work, health, living arrangements, and income persons before and after retirement. Articles concerning poverty among the Demographic and economic characteristics of the aged are examined to aid in evaluating the effectiveness of social security programs in meeting the financial needs of the population aged 65 and over. Major issues addressed are the adequacy of benefit levels, the extent to which other forms of income are available to the aged population, and the impact of certain key provisions in social security legislation on the financial situation of the aged. Characteristics and resources of different types of beneficiaries and living arrangements in relation to income are discussed. aab-mod. 0524 Chen, Yung-Ping; White House Conference on Aging, Technical Committee on Income. Income: Background and Issues. Los Angeles, CA, Institute of Industrial Relations, University of California, 1971. 104 pp. Funded by IIR, Üniv. of California. • University of California, Los Angeles, CA. The income needs of the elderly are discussed, and recommendations to the 1971 White House Conference on Aging concerning the economic status of the elderly are presented. Income adequacy is defined as a relative, dynamic concept, not a single measurable level of income. Retirement income provided by social security, public assistance, private retirement plans, and private savings are discussed. jnl-mod. 0525 Epstein, Lenore A.; Murray, Janet H. The Aged Population of the United States: The 1963 Social Security Survey of the Aged. (SSA, Office of Research and Statistics, Research Report No. 19) Washington, DC, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1967. 423 pp. Results of the 1963 Social Security Survey of the Aged are presented. Data on the characteristics of the population aged 62 and over are tabulated according to financial situation, employment and retirement, health services and medical costs, and living conditions. Findings are related to the adequacy of benefit levels and the retirement test. pro-gen. 0525.1 Estes, Carroll. The Aging Experience. (Jossey-Bass Social and Behavioral Science Series) San Francisco, CA, Jossey-Bass, 1979. 283 pp. University of California, Social policies and services for the aged are examined as an expression of the social definition of the aging experience. From this "social construction of reality" perspective, the author explores such topics as old age and the services strategy; the Older Americans Act and its sociopolitical influences; accountability, achievements, and problems; pluralism, interest-group politics, and policy ambiguity; experience under eighty Federal programs for the elderly; decentralization and the New Federalism; and citizen participation by the aged in policy and program implementation. pro-gen. 0526 Federal Council on the Aging. The Impact of the Tax Structure on the Elderly. Washington, DC, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., DHEW Pub. No. OHD-76-20954, 1975. 119 pp. A congressionally mandated study on the effects of Federal, State, and local taxes on the income position of the population aged 65 and over is reported. Major findings are that the tax structure has no greater overall effect on the aged than the non-aged; the elderly receive preferential treatment by Federal, State, and local individual income taxes; the elderly as a group pay lower payroll taxes; they spend slightly less on sales taxes; and property tax burdens and liabilities are shifted disproportionately toward the elderly. pro-gen. 0527 Flemming, Arthur S. A National Policy to Maximize Independent Living for Older People. In: Osterbind, C., ed., Independent Living for Older People, pp. 1-12. (Center for Gerontological Studies and Programs Series, Vol. 21) Gainesville, FL, University of Florida Press, 1972. 142 pp. • President's White House Conference on Aging. In a paper read at the 21st Annual Southern Conference on Gerontology, Gainesville, Florida, February 1972, Federal policy on independent living for older people is discussed. Federal policy initiatives relating to social secu 0532 Hu, Teh-wei; Ghalib, Sharif. Washington, DC, American Statistical Funded by SSA, Grant No. 56073. In a presentation to the annual meeting 0533 Kreps, Juanita M. Economics of Aging: Work and Income In: Shanas, E., ed., Aging in Contemporary Society, pp. 78-87. (Sage Contemporary Social Science Issues, Vol. 6) Beverly Hills, CA, Sage, 1970. 128 pp. Duke University, Durham, NC. The allocation of work and income through the lifespan is discussed in relation to the work and income problems of the elderly. The lag of retirement income behind that of the active work force is considered to be related to a faster pace of technological and economic growth. It is concluded that while increases in social security benefits and pensions can reduce the income differential, an effective policy must address the relationship of earnings and benefits over time. pro-gen. 0534 Lamale, Helen H. Budgeting for Independent Living. • Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Division of Living Conditions Studies. A paper presented at the 21st Annual Conference on Gerontology, Gainesville, Florida, February 1972, discusses Bureau of Labor Statistics data on consumer expenditures of the elderly in terms of budgeting for independent living. Spending of the elderly on food, housing, transportation, medical care, and other areas is characterized. Area differences in budget costs and the effects of inflation are examined. Guidelines for effective budgeting are given. pro-gen. 0535 Mitchell, William E. Equity Effects of Property Tax Relief for the Aged: The Circuit-Breaker Legislation. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 32(4):367-378, 1973. University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO. The effects of "circuit-breaker" legislation to provide property tax relief |