who would like to put a copy of his testimony on the record and take 1 minute to summarize it. I'll recognize that group next, so if you'd like to take advantage of this offer, please be ready.

STATEMENT OF GEORGE L. NAOPE, PRINCE DAVID
KAWANANAKOA HAWAIIAN CIVIC CLUB

Mr. NAOPE. Chairman Taylor and distinguished members of this subcommittee, on behalf of the members of the Prince David Kawananakoa Hawaiian Civic Club, I want to express our warmest Aloha to you. Aloha is our term for greeting all people and those who may be strangers, immediately cease to remain as strangers. Aloha is also our term for expressing our appreciation to all who come to our shores for the welfare and interest of our people of Hawaii. As we present our testimony on bills H.R. 1462 and H.R. 11774, we are mindful of this exceptional opportunity which gives to us a precious experience in American dynamics in grassroot participation.

It will be nearly a year since this organization of Hawaiian Civic Club entered support for the preservation of Kaloko Fishpond and the entire Honokohau Historical Landmark. This club was represented at all of the hearings conducted in this State by the U.S. Corps of Engineers, the State land and natural resource department and at the National Council for Historic Preservation in Washington, D.C. The Prince David Kawananakoa Hawaiian Civic Club supports H.R. 11774, for the provisions within this bill appropriately meet the needs and welfare of the people of Hawaii and the site of the Honokohau Historical Landmark. We concur with all of the provisions in H.R. 11774.

For the purpose of this testimony, therefore, I would like to dwell upon the cultural significance of the burials at Kaloko. I would also like to explain the ancient burial practices and beliefs that you may understand why there is an aura of mystery and suggestion of vagueness that surround the burials of our alii or rulers at Kaloko.

The best available documentary evidence suggest that Kaloko is the burial place of our two most important alii who lived in the late 18th and early 19th centuries during the periods of Western contact. King Kahekili and King Kamehameha the Great are believed to be buried at Kaloko. Other alii buried at Kaloko include the sister of Kahekili and grandmother of Kamehameha III.

King Kahekili, the biological father of Kamehameha the Great, was an important figure who ruled the islands of Maui, Lanai, Molokai, and Oahu. At one time it was believed that King Kahekili would unite all of the islands under one kingdom. This achievement was never his to claim. However, his son, King Kamehameha the Great, unified the islands under his rule. Kamehameha the Great is undoubtedly the greatest single figure in Hawaiian history. He was the last traditional king for he upheld the rituals of his gods and his traditions. He was a man of outstanding qualities of intelligence, leadership, conviction. and destiny. Westerners who came to know this great leader noted that this ruler of astute wisdom accepted from the foreigner all that would improve the lives of his people and himself, but he would never allow anyone the privilege of influencing his thinking. He reserved complete right to make all decisions for himself.

Because the best available documents record the burial of Kahekili and Kamehameha the Great at Kaloko, this site is as sacred to the Hawaiians as Mount Olympus is to the Greeks and Gettysburg is to Americans.

There are those foreign to our culture who are perplexed by the mystery and vagueness surrounding the burial of our great kings so there is that aura of secrecy that prevails upon this subject. I would like to explain why you feel this mystery, this secrecy.

Our kupunas or ancestors tell us that prior to the death of an alii, two or three trusted followers were selected for the highest honor of burying the deceased. The remains of an alii, particularly if those remains were of King Kamehameha the Great, were secretly taken to the carefully chosen site. Great care was taken by the entrusted followers for no person other than themselves was ever to learn of the burial site of the deceased. Often these trusted followers gave up their lives soon after the interment that the place of burial of their alii would forever remain a secret.

This traditional practice of confidential and highly secretive burials of the alii relate to the cultural concepts of mana and kapu. Mana is the devine supernatural power that was possessed by those persons of divine birth, by certain objects in nature, and by the gods. Kapu is the prohibitions placed on human behavior and governed all of their activities.

Kamehameha the Great and King Kahekili were regarded as Alii Kapu. This title of reverence and respect indicates that these historical figures were imbued with divine power and this power of mana which was kapu remained with these rulers even after their death. Therefore, there was this need for the secret burial rites and site for it was believed that the enemies of the deceased would raid the burial site of the personal possessions and the bones of the deceased. The mana that was with the deceased would be used to increase the potency of the mana of the persons who have pilfered the burial.

The stringent requirement of secrecy of burials for the alii indicates that the selection of sites was largely determined for their inaccessible nature. Therefore, burial sites may include deep pits in mountainous areas, caves in sheer cliffs, extensive lava tubes, caves in remote areas and caves with entrances below sea level.

The burial site of Kamehameha the Great has never been located. There have been those who have speculated about the location of the burial of this ruler. However, the burial site of Kamehameha the Great may never be located.

Because the only available document suggests that Kaloko is the burial location of Kamehameha the Great, this writing must be accepted as evidence and until proven otherwise, Kaloko is sacred ground and this site therefore is in national interest for preservation. As the statue of King Kamehameha stands in Statuary Hall in Washington in memory of his great and significant position in Hawaiian history, so must his burial site be protected in respect and reverence. Chairman Taylor and members of this subcommittee, we urge your approval of H.R. 11774.

With regards to H.R. 1462, we would urge that the provision of section 1, in H.R. 11774; namely, "The Congress further believes that it is appropriate that the preservation and interpretation at the site

be managed and performed by native Hawaiians, to the extent practical, and that training opportunities be provided such persons in management and interpretation of those cultural, historical, and archeological resources" be added to the bill, H.R. 1462.

Mahalo a nui loa, thank you very much, for your kindness. It has been my privilege to have appeared before you. I would urge your approval of bills 11774 and 1462 with particular reference for the inclusion of section 1 to be added to H.R. 1462.

Mr. TAYLOR. Now, any of the witnesses who would like to take advantage of that 1 minute offer, please tell me your name and your number on the list.

STATEMENT OF ABBIE NAPEAHI, VICE PRESIDENT, KEAUKAHA PANAEWA COMMUNITY ASSOCIATION

Mrs. NAPEAHI. I am Mrs. Napeahi, first vice president of the Keaukaha Panaewa Community Association. Since you are only giving me 1 minute, I'm trying to make all use of that 1 minute. May I take the first portion of my statement-delete the first portion of my statement to recognize the representatives that are sitting before me, so that I can use the 1 minute.

Keaukaha Panaewa Community Association supports the House of Representatives bill 11774.

Now, will you please turn to the second page?

Keaukaha Panaewa Community Association take the perpetuation of its Hawaiian heritage seriously. The summer of 1971 we had Project Imua a project program about Hawaii: its history of music, language, dance, games, arts and crafts, and legends. During the 1971-72 school year, there is Halau O Ka Olelo Hawaii, a Hawaiian language class program for the children and parents on the Keaukaha and Panewa homestead: a project program to bring about understanding and fluency to the Hawaiian for his native language. Both project programs are with the State department of eductaion through Hawaiian Home Lands funding.

(As directed by the chairman, the Honorable Roy A. Taylor, the following full and complete written testimony of Mrs. Abbie Napeahi is entered into the record.)

To: U.S. Rep. Roy A. Taylor, Chairman, House Subcommittee on National Parks and Recreation

From: Keaukaha Panaewa Community Association

Subject: House of Representatives Bill 11774

Hon. Mr. TAYLOR: Aloha Pumehana. Keaukaha Panaewa Community Association, an organization of Hawaiian homesteaders on the Keaukaha and Panaewa Hawaiian Homes land, fully supports House of Representatives Bill 11774.

Keaukaha Panaewa Community Association fully endorses this U.S. Congressional bill calling for a 1-year halt of any proposed development in the Honokohau-Kaloko area. We ask your personal support for this bill and the support of the members of your National Park and Recreation Subcommittee.

We take great interest in the Honokohau-Kaloko area and are concerned with the proposed development in that area. We are not opposed to any resort development in total, but specifically, we are opposed to Kona Coast Company's resort development plans in the Kaloko Pond area.

We trace our heritage to the fifth century when life began here on this land. Our ancestors at that time and following could look over the great expanse of land and feel secure that he did not have to worry about where his home stands. Aloha

(love) was part of his nature. He shared his surroundings and that which he had with him with others. And so time passed by.

Today, for we who live on Hawaiian Homes Land, we are thankful to Congress. For in 1920, our beloved Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole journeyed to Congress and pleaded that land be set for the Hawaiian people and Congress agreed. In the great Mahele of 1840 under King Kamehameha, lands were set aside for the common Hawaiians, about a million and a half acres. In 1920, it decreased to 200,000 acres. Because of Prince Kuhio's love for his people, he pleaded that the remaining 200,000 acres be set aside for his Hawaiian people.

It was only to Congress that made it possible today for the Hawaiians to have a piece of property on this land that at one time, his ancestors owned it all. And here again to Congress once more, that the generation of today must plead like Prince Kuhio, that acreage be set aside for our ancestors who cannot plead for themselves. For they lie in the land of Honokohau-Kaloko. Their past lives surround the area. We relate to them as we would strive to preserve this important historical site.

Congress must act on this matter. Gradually Hawaii and its Hawaiian heritage is fading away. Yet all is not lost. We look to Congress for the perpetuation of this important area.

Keaukaha Panaewa Community Association take the perpetuation of its Hawaiian heritage seriously. The summer of 1971 we had Project Imua, a project program about Hawaii: its history of music, language, dance, games, arts and crafts, and legends. During the 1971-1972 school year, there is Halau O Ka Olelo Hawaii, a Hawaiian language class program for the children and parents on the Keahkaha and Panaewa homestead: project program to bring about understanding and fluency to the Hawaiian for his native language. Both project programs are with the State Department of Education through Hawaiian Home Lands funding.

And so for Honokohau-Kaloko and House of Representatives Bill 11774, we look to Congress for help once more again. To this end we seek your help and support for the passage and funding of this important Congressional bill. Owau iho no me ka haahaa,

KWAI WAH LEE,

President. ABBIE NAPEAHI (Mrs.), First Vice-President.

Mr. TAYLOR. Thank you, Mrs. Napeahi. Were you speaking for the other lady who was with you?

Mrs. NAPEAHI. Yes.

Mr. TAYLOR. Anyone else want to come up and tell us what number they are on the list?

Mrs. UNEA. Sir, I am Number 33, but I will be speaking in place of the Hawaiians, East Hawaii Chapter 141, which is No. 19 on your list. Mr. TAYLOR. Are you speaking for No. 19? Mrs. UNEA. Yes, sir, and I am No. 33.

STATEMENT OF MRS. MARYMAE LEILANI UNEA, EAST HAWAII CHAPTER, STATE ORGANIZATION OF THE HAWAIIANS

Mrs. UNEA. Members of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, I am Mrs. Marymae Leilani Unea, and I represent the East Hawaii Chapter of the State Organization of the Hawaiians.

I wish to speak in favor of H.R. 11774 and its companion bill, S.

2908.

The East Hawaii Chapter of the Hawaiians feels that it is in the best interest of the Hawaiians to authorize a study of the feasibility and desirability of establishing a unit of the National Park System in order to preserve and interpret the site of the Honokohau National Historical Landmark in the State of Hawaii.

This area is unique to the entire State and of exceptional value to both ancient and modern Hawaii and its people.

Our forebearers were of hardy stock as the area typifies. Willful destruction would be a desecration of our heritage and steps should be taken to protect it from drastic change.

Kamehameha the Great was among the first of the great conservationists and aquaculture was a daily part of our heritage.

Therefore, how apropos it would be that the significance of the preservation of Kaloko and its restoration would perpetuate the story of Hawaii and its people since Kona is the cradle of Hawaii's civilization.

Sir, and everyone else, thank you very much.

Mr. TAYLOR. Thank you very much.

Anyone else wish to come up? Mr. Charles Hoopai, number 17.

STATEMENT OF CHARLES HOOPAI, DIRECTOR, PUNA HAWAIIAN ORGANIZATION, PAHOA, HAWAII

Mr. HOOPAI. Chairman Taylor and distinguished members of the subcommittee, aloha. We welcome you to our State and island and we hope our spirit of aloha and good will will be yours to know and enjoy while you are here.

I represent more than 300 officers and members of the Puna Hawaiian Organization, and I would like to say that we thoroughly support bill 11774, particularly your reference to native Hawaiians.

Now, I am not going to read that section because you have a copy of my explanation. We really urge your approval to that bill 11774, and also bill 1462, and we would like to have you insert those sections of 11774 into this bill 1462. Thank you, gentlemen.

Mr. TAYLOR. Well, thank you very much.

Mr. HOOPAI. Thank you very much, and I am very grateful to appear before you.

(As directed by the chairman, the Honorable Roy A. Taylor, the following full and complete written testimony of Mr. Charles K. Hoopai, is entered into the record.)

STATEMENT OF CHARLES K. HOOPAI, DIRECTOR, PUNA HAWAIIAN ORGANIZATION, PAHOA, HAWAII

Chairman Taylor and distinguished members of the subcommittee, aloha. We welcome you to our State and island and we hope our spirit of aloha and goodwill will be yours to know and enjoy while you are here.

I represent more than 300 officers and members of the Puna Hawaiian Organization. The district of Puna is approximately 110 miles to the south-east of Kaihua, Kona. We who are of the Puna Hawaiian Organization are privileged to testify our support for H.R. 11774 before this subcommittee.

I would like to re-enforce our support for H.R. 11774 by stating that the Puna Hawaiians are in full accord with the references made to the native Hawaiian in following sections:

SEC. 1. "The Congress further believes that it is appropriate that the preservation and interpretation at that site be managed and performed by native Hawaiians, to the extent practical and that training opportunities be provided such persons in management and interpretation of those cultural, historical, and archeological resources."

SEC. 3. The report of the secretary shall contain but not limited to, findings with respect to the historic, cultural, archeological, scenic and natural values of the resources involved and recommendations for preservation and interpretation