the ruins of John Young's original house. John Young or Olohana as he was known to the Hawaiians, acted as a principal advisor to Kamehameha the Great. The Belt, Collins plan envisioned moving the access road to Spencer Park to a location above the proposed historic park. At the time of the preparation of our plan, we perhaps failed to give adequate consideration to the impact of the Kawaihae-Waimea Road, State Route 26, on the historic park. The moving of the State road to a location above the house site poses certain engineering problems which we have never fully explored. The National Park Service resource study makes it quite clear that from the point of view of the historic park, it would be best to move the road to a location above the house site. If, as the Department of Interior has indicated, the State of Hawaii is agreeable to relocation of the road, we assume that they have looked into the engineering problems and feel that they are manageable. On this basis, we would wholeheartedly endorse the proposal to expand the proposed national historic site to include the John Young house site ruins and to provide for relocation of the County and State roads. The historic site as proposed by the National Park Service would be a major cultural asset to Kawaihae, South Kohala and Hawaii. As consultants to Olohana Corporation, we urge your favorable consideration of HR 1462 and we also urge your favorable consideration to the amendments proposed by the Department of Interior. If there is any information that we can provide to your committee as consultants to Olohana Corporation, we would be happy to do so. Sincerely yours, Mr. TAYLOR. Thank you very much. Mr. Bell. JAMES R. BELL. Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Bell, did you plan or did your company plan the harbor that has been built? Mr. BELL. No, sir. Mr. SAYLOR. Good. In other words, in the plans that you drew, you included the harbor? Mr. BELL. The harbor was there at the time we prepared the plan. Mr. JOHNSON. Mr. Bell, I'd like to ask just one question. As a professional planner, is it your understanding that the Park Service agrees with you or you agree with them that the State highway should be relocated? Mr. BELL. Yes. Mr. JOHNSON. Now, in your study of the area there, proposed for the National Park Service, I see they have a very small cost for development a little over a million dollars. Certainly with the realinement of that highway, such as building bridges, this would increase that amount of money considerably, would it not? Mr. BELL. It would. Mr. TAYLOR. Any other questions? (No response.) Thank you very much, Mr. Bell. Now, this concludes the testimony of the witnesses who requested to be heard on H.R. 1462. APPENDIX REPORT OF THE ADVISORY COUNCIL ON HISTORIC PRESERVATION INTRODUCTION By letter of July 26, 1971, the United States Army Corps of Engineers requested the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation to comment on an application by the Kona Coast Company for a permit to develop a swimming beach in Kaloko Pond within the boundaries of the Honokohau Settlement National Historic Landmark, Kona District, Island of Hawaii. The proposal calls for the removal of a portion of the historic seawall and the creation of a sheltered beach for the purpose of resort development. The Department of the Army has jurisdiction in the matter under Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act (Refuse Act) in 1899, which requires a permit to perform work in navigable waters of the United States. The Advisory Council convened in regular session, November 3-4, 1971, with a quorum present, heard reports on the proposed undertaking from the Corps of Engineers, the Kona Coast Company, the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation, the Historic Preservation Liaison Officer for the State of Hawaii, and statements of support and opposition. The Counci' duly noted and recorded all statements and submission of support and opposition received in connection with the undertaking. After considering the oral and written reports and statement and after a full discussion of the proposed undertaking and its effects, the Advisory Council adopted the following comments: FINDINGS A. Significance of the National. Register Property 1. Honokohau Settlement.-Honokohau Settlement is located on the west coast of the Island of Hawail at Honokohau Bay, just north of the town of Kailau. The Honokohau coastal area, because of its ideal landing places for canoes and its fishponds, was important to both ancient and modern Hawaiians. In the Great Mahele of 1948, King Kamehameha III and other Hawaiian chiefs reserved property and fishponds for themselves at Honokohau. Because of inaccessibility by sea, except for small boats, and by land, except for foot or horseback, Hawaiians gradually left Honokohau. and by 1920 only a handful remained. Isolation in modern times resulted in protection of surviving cultural resources. so that today Honokohau Settlement is one of the prime areas in the State of Hawaii, where one can find virtually intact a number of sites dating from prehistoric to historic times. Included are 50 ancient house sites. four helaus, a holua (toboggan) slide constructed for the use of chiefs, many tombs, and three fishponds: Aiopio, Aimakapa, and Kaloko. 2. Kaloko Pond.-Kaloko Pond is one of three fishponds located within the boundaries of Honokohau Settlement National Historic Landmark. The pond contains an area of about 11 acres and is separated from the ocean by a 700-foot long seawall made of black basalt rubble. While not especially large, the pond appears to have been highly regarded throughout its productive years. The Hawaiian word Kaloko means "the pond," and in the mid-19th century, when King Kamehameha III and the chiefs divided the lands among themselves, Kaloko was selected by Lot Kamehameha, grandson of the king, as his personal property. (39) Documentary evidence suggests that King Kamehameha I, perhaps the great. est single figure in the history of the island, is buried at Kaloko. Attempts to locate the burial site have been unsuccessful. The Hawaii Historic Review Board (which advises the State Liaison Officer on nominations to the National Register) recently stated that Kaloko Fishpond "is unique not only on the island of Hawaii, but in the State. It is the only loko kuapa, a pond closed off by a thick seawall." In his report to the Council, the State Liaison Officer further elaborated the importance of Kaloko Pond by stating that, "Although a number of walled fishponds still exist in the State, Kaloko is the only remaining type of loko kuapa found by building a stone wall across the narrow neck of an inland bay. Likewise, Kaloko fishpond is significant for it is the best example of the general loko kuapa fishpond type remaining on Hawaii Island." B. Status of the National Register Property 1. National Historic Landmark.-On January 30, 1963, the Secretary of the Interior declared Honokohau Settlement eligible for National Historic Landmark status as a site of exceptional value in illustrating the theme "Indigenous Peoples and Cultures." The boundaries of the Landmark enclose both State and privately owned lands. In 1966 the State applied for and received a bronze plaque and certificate of registry, agreeing to maintain the integrity of the publicly owned segment of the Landmark. 2. National Register Property.-Designation as a National Historic Landmark automatically placed Homokohau Settlement on the National Register of Historic Places. 3. State Actions.—Until 1969, Kaloko Pond and its environs were classified as a Conservative District under the zoning authority of the State Land Use Commission. At that time the Land Use Commission reclassified the area, except for the pond and its shoreline as an Urban District, permitting the construction of commercial and residential structures on the site not to exceed three stories. On March 25, 1971, the State Department of Land and Natural Resources granted a conditional permit to Kona Coast Company for the recreational use of Kaloko Pond and on May 11, the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation, Harbors Division, issued a permit for dredging, rock and sand fill, removal of a portion of the seawall, and construction of a new crosswall. O. The Undertaking The proposal of the Kona Coast Company calls for the removal of the northerly portion of the historic seawall that encloses Kaloko Fishpond, the construction of a crosswall within the pond, and the dredging of silt and the placement of sandfill to create a sheltered beach. The applicant also plans to restore and reactivate the south half of the pond to permit fish farming in the traditional manner. The Department of the Army has stated that the action before it is limited to consideration of a permit for work at the fishpond. The Kona Coast Company has also stated that it plans to develop the fishpond and adjacent lands for resort/commercial/urban use. Beach development will permit the creation of a planned community emphasizing leisurely living with ocean swimming, golf and beach, and shore activities. The applicant also plans to establish a historical park of about 15 acres in the area immediately adjacent to the fishpond. Located within the proposed public park are burial areas, heiaus (temple platforms), and house sites, which are examples of the major resources found scattered throughout the large area encompassed by the National Historic Landmark designation. By letter of October 15 of the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation, the applicant stated that, in the even it obtained the necessary permit for development, it proposed "to convey the lands constituting the reestablished pond and the historical park area to a nonprofit Hawaiian corporation, the board of directors of which will include officials of the County of Hawaii and possibly other public officials concerned with development. The Kona Coast Company further proposed that, "The land conveyed would then be leased back to us with enforceable lease covenants requiring development and maintenance as we propose." D. Effect of the Undertaking The Corps of Engineers, the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation, and the State Liaison Officer agree that in terms of the Advisory Council "Criteria for Effect," the proposed undertaking will have an adverse effect upon Honokohau Settlement National Historic Landmärk. Removal of a 300-foot portion of the seawall will alter the property, construction of a beach will alter the surroundings and environment, and the new crosswall will introduce a visual element out of character with the disposition of the original wall and pond. It is also clear that beach development will lead to residential and limited commercial development within the Landmark which, without careful planning and controls, will result in further serious impairment of the historic scene. It is anticipated that the development proposed at Kaloko Pond is but the first step in the general development of the Kona Coast, which is especially attractive because of its climate and setting. While the development proposed by the Kona Coast Company will adversely effect the historic and archeological resources of Honoköhau Settlement National Historic Landmark, it will also result in: (1) the restoration of the south portion of the seawall; (2) the reestablishment and operation of the south half of Kaloko Pond as a fishpond in the ancient Hawaiian manner; and (3) the creation of a public park in which significant historic and prehistoric resources will be preserved and interpreted. In accomplishing its objectives at Kaloko Pond, the Kona Coast Company proposes to treat the work as a salvage operation by employing an archeologist to sift and examine the material removed as a result of construction and to recover artifacts contained therein. Taking into account the fact that the property is privately owned and the lack of a practical plan for preservation by the State or by conservation groups. the State Board of Land and Natural Resources. which performs the Historic Preservation Liaison function for Hawaii, has given its approval to the total project with certain conditions, which are appended as Attachment Number 1. E. Alternatives 1. During the course of the Corps of Engineers' proceedings for the app'ication, the Kona Conservation Group sponsored an oceanographer to conduct a preliminary study of alternate locations for the proposed beach development. Two sites were recommended, one north and one south of Kaloko Pond, both within the Landmark on property owned by the Kona Coast Company. Develop ment of either site would require cutterhead dredging or blasting near the shoreline and construction of visible offshore breakers, which in themselves would be an intrusion upon the historic scene. The Kona Coast Company subsequently rejected the location as being unfeasible. 2. The Congress of the Hawaiian people has recommended that the fishpond be retained intact and that the proposed resort be located 1500 feet from the shoreline. The Kona Coast Company has stated that the availability of financing for its plan is predicated upon beach development and the location of hotels and other facilities close to the fishpond. 3. A number of conservation groups have recommended complete public ownership of the Kaloko Pond area. The State of Hawaii, however, has no present plans for the acquisition of the property, and has given its approval to development by the Kona Coast Company. At the meeting of the Advisory Council on November 3-4, 1971, Representative Patsy T. Mink. Second District, Hawaii, stated that she intended to introduce legislation to make Honokohau Settlement a unit of the National Park System. By telegram to the Council. Representative Spark Matsunaga. First District. Hawaii, stated that he would join Representative Mink in sponsoring the legislation in the House. Senator Hiram L. Fong of Hawaii informed the Council that he will introduce a companion bill in the United States Senate. 4. The Council is also aware of other studies now underway which may have a bearing on Honokohan Settlement National Historic Landmark, such as a contracted environmental study of the area being prepared for the County of Hawaii, due for completion on November 22, 1971, and the Space/Environment Study being prepared by the Overview Group under contract for the State of Hawaii. CONCLUSIONS The preservation of Honokohau Settlement National Historic Landmark and the segment within its known as the Kaloko Pond is in the national interest. Because of the adverse effects of the proposed undertaking upon the National Register property which will result in the destruction and alteration of the resource and lead to further impairments and loss of integrity, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation recommends that the United States Army Corps of Engineers hold the Kona Coast Company permit request in abeyance at this time, and that ultimately the permit be issued only after the Corps has received satisfactory evidence that the people of Hawaii and the Nation, acting through private organizations or State or local governmental agencies and through the Congress of the United States, have been afforded reasonable opportunity to provide for the preservation of, Honokohau Settlement and within it Kaloko Pond under public ownership for present and future generations. In the event that the Department of the Army reaches the decision that public ownership of the property is not feasible, then the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation recommends that the Corps of Engineers be instructed to issue the permit for development of the Kaloko Pond with the condition that the applicant has taken legal action, approved by the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, to provide for the presentation and interpretation in perpetuity of the proposed operating fishpond and an historical park of sufficient size to protect and interpret significant resources and accommodate the anticipated residential popu lation and the visiting public. ORGANIZATIONS OPPOSED TO DESTRUCTION OF SEA WALL AT KALOKO POND Ad Hoc For Hawaiian Trustee. Ad Hoc For Historic Preservation. Congress of The Hawaiian People. Friends of The Earth. Hamakua District Development Council. Hawaii Audubon Society. Hilo Conservation Group. Hoopuloa Hawaiian Civic Club. Imua Hawaiian Uplift. Iolani Palace Restoration. Ka Leo O Na Pua O Hawaii. Kaneohe Outdoor Circle. Keaukaha Panaewa Association. Kona Conservation Group. Life of the Land. Mil-Ka-Ko Fish Coop. Mil-Ka-Ko Research and Development. Nanakuli Hawaiian Homesteaders Association, Inc. Prince David Kawananakoa Hawaiian Civic Club. Puna Hawaiian Association. State Foundation of History and Humanities. State Historic Sites Review Board. The Hawaiians. University of Hawaii at Hilo. |