able to the object sought. All temperance organizations should stand ready for an alliance defensive and offensive with all who oppose the saloon, whether acting as a political party or independent of all parties and sects. The churches are the natural enemies of the saloon, as of all unrighteousness, and the pastors the most willing and effective workers against it. There is no possible concord between preachers and liquor-dealers, between churches and saloons. "For what fellowship hath righteousness with unrighteousness? and what communion hath light with darkness? and what concord hath Christ with Belial? The church or minister who favors the saloon is a Judas Iscariot, a betrayer of Christ and His cause. But no church organization, general or local, can identify itself with any political party, or be made its instrument, or enter a campaign for its candidates. To attempt this would be to introduce discord and to destroy the great ends of church organization; but every church may with the utmost propriety-nay, to be a true church in the fellowship of well-doing it must, to the utmost of its power, oppose the liquor traffic. The whole church is conscripted by the Captain of the world's salvation for this war, and must fight this battle or be held guilty before God and the angels of the highest possible treason. All that is needed is a form of organization, in each, which will furnish the units of correspondence with others, and of the earliest possible alliance of all. Never has the finger of Providence more clearly pointed the way to victory for His militant hosts than in this possible organization of Christian men into Citizens' Leagues that shall develop an army with banners and ballots, under the leadership of Him who has loved righteousness and hated iniquity, with churches as recruiting stations and citadels, all in line of battle against this great destroyer of the bodies and the souls of men.

4. It provides an indispensable means for the education of public sentiment for all possible future emergencies. In former efforts to secure Constitutional Prohibition we have been everywhere told that public sentiment would not sustain the enactment and enforcement of prohibitory laws; but in every such campaign, immediately after the election, the subject has dropped out of sight and a deathlike apathy has come down upon the people. It will never be possible to have a higher condition of public sentiment without a permanent and universal system of public agitation and education on this subject. What better system could be devised than Citizens' Prohibitory Leagues in every church and school-house, Good Templars' Lodge, and other possible centres where the people shall come together, receive and distribute information, and discuss the question at least once in every month. He is a dull and stupid student of the past who has not come to see that the ordinary secular press and stump orators of political campaigns cannot be expected to lead in this great work. The churches and the religious and higher press of the country can be enlisted on the general platform of independent political action, the higher obligations of citizenship, and within this decade public sentiment in every Commonwealth can be so educated that Constitutional and Statutory Prohibition of the manufacture and sale and keeping for sale of intoxicating liquors can be enacted and enforced.

5. It provides for transfer of the balance of power from the worse to the better elements of our political life. The narrow majorities of the two great parties, running sometimes one way, sometimes the other, make the movable

contingents the governing power in practical politics. Thus, in the Legisla ture of Illinois, three men held the balance of power, and by its use determined the choice of the Senatorial representative of more than three millions of people in that great State. In Pennsylvania, with its large normal Republican majority, a contingent of Independent Republicans, outraged by the dictations of unscrupulous political bosses, resolved to throw off their yoke, and now, by a majority of over seventeen thousand, a Democratic Governor of high personal character is the chief executive of this Republican State, and the best elements of the "grand old party" are clamoring for pure politics and honest leadership. In the Ninth Assembly District of Brooklyn, the city of churches of the Empire State, boasting a clean Republican majority in the district of more than two thousand, the party bosses nominated a saloon-keeper to be the people's Representative at Albany. One of that clean majority raised a determined voice against it. The two thousand melted away before his scathing protest, and a Democratic Representative from that district gave one of the two casting votes which put Governor Hill, the shrewdest of Democratic leaders, in the place of the able and distinguished Senator Evarts who had so worthily represented that great Commonwealth in the United States Senate. Even unscrupulous politicians will heed such lessons as these, and honest partisans will inquire diligently into the causes of such great political changes.

Hitherto this balance of power has been controlled and directed in the interest of the saloon, which represents a movable quantity easily transferred from one party to another. Liquor-dealers have no politics but "our business," no higher motive than money-getting, no principles but "personal liberty" to carry forward their nefarious business, not only without hinderance, but with the sanction and protection of law. For more than a score of years they have declared that they will patronize no paper and support no candidate for office that does not favor their business. They have thereby subsidized the press, corrupted public sentiment, terrorized campaign committees, and almost everywhere secured control of the party of the majority, while cringing leaders of the party of the minority have schemed and fawned and supplicated them for votes. The great brewers and distillers and liquordealers of the country, with immense capital at command, have been able to buy the best leadership and the largest following in so-called practical politics. This colossal power is the great corrupter of our political life. To displace it or put over against it a larger movable quantity, and out-manœuvre it and secure the most commanding positions, is a gigantic undertaking. Great as it is, we believe it can be done if the death-like apathy which rests upon our better citizens, as to this great question, can be shaken off, and Citizens' Prohibitory Leagues can be organized at every possible local centre, and allied together through county, State, and national organization. The people of this Republic constitute the rank and file of all political parties. Let them rise in their strength, inspired with an inflexible purpose to be free from the tyranny of the saloon power, and freedom can be achieved in both great political parties and in the country at large.

In Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, one of the driveways lies between the Schuylkill River and the Reading Railway. A noisy train of empty cars came along as a gentleman and his family were passing in their carriage. The

frightened horses, intently gazing at the moving train, shied toward the river and precipitated all into the deep, still water. The horses and part of the family were drowned. The Park Commissioners proceeded with commendable promptness to provide against the peril of similar catastrophies in future. Let our political leaders be admonished. On the one side is the noisy array of brewers, distillers, and liquor-dealers, and their drunken, boisterous following; on the other the silent, slow-moving cold-water forces of our American citizenship. The greatest peril to the future of political parties lies on the cold-water side of this great question. Give us Citizens' Prohibitory Leagues in every church and community which will stand over against the saloon, and the issue will deliver us from our greatest perils and glorify the Republic as never before.

CAN PROHIBITION BE ENFORCED?

BY HON. L. B. KELLOGG (KANSAS).

PROHIBITION can be enforced. How do I know? Because I have lived in a State where, for ten consecutive years last past, it has been enforced.

Do you inquire whether intoxicating liquor is sold in my State? I answer, frankly, yes. Prohibition is enforced, and yet liquor is sold; do you mean that? I certainly do. The laws of Kansas prohibiting larceny are enforced, and yet there is theft. Money is stolen, horses are stolen, chickens are abstracted, wood-piles depleted, and Edward Everett Hale is authority that a meeting-house was once stolen; that, however, was outside of Kansas.

You have laws prohibiting murder. And they are enforced, are they not? But from the associated press dispatches found in to-day's paper I learn that a most shocking murder was committed in your State yesterday. I also learn from the same paper that the day before your courts were occupied with the trial of a peculiarly diabolical homicide case, in which the murder was well apparently proved, but the murderer was acquitted. So far as I am aware, no one in your State is advocating the abolishment of your laws prohibiting murder and larceny, and the substitution of a high license making it lawful and respectable, even if expensive, to steal and kill.

Your laws against larceny make it unlawful to filch from the pocket of your laboring-man the dollar which he has earned for the support of his family. Our prohibitory law makes it unlawful to filch that same dollar from him for whiskey. With the money stolen from his pocket, the man still has left a clear brain and a strong right hand to earn another dollar. With the dollar exchanged for whiskey, he has a benumbed brain and a nerveless grasp, and is less able to earn the next dollar than he was before.

By your laws the thief is a criminal, and is so regarded by the community. By the prohibitory law the liquor-seller becomes a criminal, and is so regarded by the people. The business of keeping a drinking-saloon is taken out of the category of lawful occupations, and is relegated to its proper place as a companion-piece to the keeping of a gambling-den, a bawdy-house, or an opiumjoint.

While it is true that some intoxicating liquor is sold and consumed in the prohibitory State of Kansas, it is also true that the amount is greatly diminished from what it was prior to the adoption of prohibition, and from what it would be if prohibition were annulled in Kansas. As to the first proposition, I submit the following, taken from the annual message of Governor John A. Martin, in January, 1889, at the expiration of eight years' trial of prohibition :

Fully nine-tenths of the drinking and drunkenness prevalent in Kansas eight years ago have been abolished; and I affirm, with earnestness and emphasis, that this State is to-day the most temperate, orderly, sober community of people in the civilized world. The abolition of the saloon has not only promoted the personal happiness and general prosperity of our citizens, but it has enormously diminished crime; has filled thousands of homes, where vice and

want and wretchedness once prevailed, with peace, plenty, and contentment, and has materially increased the trade and business of those engaged in the sale of useful and wholesome articles of merchandise. Notwithstanding the fact that the population is steadily increasing, the number of criminals confined in our penitentiary is steadily decreasing. Many of our jails are empty, and all show a marked falling off in the number of prisoners confined. The dcckets of our courts are no longer burdened with long lists of criminal cases. In the Capital district, containing a population of nearly sixty thousand, not a single criminal case was on the docket when the present term began. The business of the police courts of our larger cities has dwindled to one-fourth of its former proportions, while in cities of the second and third class the occupations of the police authorities is practically gone. These suggestive and convincing facts appeal alike to the reason and the conscience of the people. They have reconciled those who doubted the success and silenced those who opposed the policy of prohibiting the liquor traffic.

I have ventured to copy from this official state paper a little more at length than was necessary for the exact point for which the testimony was adduced, in order that you might be advised as to the general effects of prohibition in the State of Kansas.

I cannot speak from personal knowledge as to the enforcement of prohibition in any State except that of which I am a resident; but as to that, endorsing what has already been quoted from the message of Governor John A. Martin, I will add one other item in the nature of a finding of facts. In a published statement made by Hon. N. C. McFarland, late Commissioner of the U. S. General Land Office and President of the State Temperance Union of Kansas, and Rev. Dr. F. S. McCabe, Pastor of the Third Presbyterian Church of Topeka and Ex-President of the State Temperance Union, in reference to the workings of constitutional prohibition in Kansas, among the five conclusions reached and stated is the following:

(2) The law is efficiently and successfully enforced. The direct results of its enforcement are plain and unmistakable. We believe that not one-tenth of the amount of liquor is now used that was used before the adoption of the prohibition law.

This statement was published April 16, 1889, and was endorsed by the following public officers of the State as being a fair, honest and true statement: Lyman U. Humphrey, Governor; William Higgins, Secretary of State; Timothy McCarthy, Auditor of State; J. W. Hamilton, Treasurer of State; G. W. Winans, Superintendent of Public Instruction; L. B. Kellogg, Attorney General; Albert H. Horton, Chief Justice of Supreme Court; D. M. Valentine, Associate Justice, Supreme Court, and W. A. Johnston, Associate Justice, Supreme Court.

From that time to the present the law has been enforced in Kansas the same as before. So that the statement may properly be considered as speaking for prohibition at the end of ten years' the same as at the end of eight years' trial.

Can prohibition be enforced? My answer is, yes. I know that prohibi tion can be enforced, because it is enforced, and because it is right that it should be enforced. If intemperance is an evil, drunkenness a crime and liquor selling dangerous to the well-being of society, then prohibition is right; and if right, it ought to prevail. The Declaration of Independence and the War of the Revolution were right, and they prevailed. The abolition of slavery and the restoration of the Union were right, and prevailed. The abolition of the saloon and the extermination of the grogshop are right, and