Teratology in the Twentieth Century: Congenital Malformations in Humans and How their Environmental Causes were EstablishedThis book is an an up-to-date survey and summary of present knowledge and future expectations regarding the environmental causes of congenital malformations in human beings, beginning with the earliest discoveries of the 20th century up to the latest ideas and problems at its end, presents views and comments on the progress made over the century in understanding human prenatal maldevelopment. |
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Page 145
The last was inflated by information coming from studies of lesser malformations and conditions of older children, Omitting these reduced the mean to 2.9%. The reasons for and the legitimacy of such omissions will be discussed below.
The last was inflated by information coming from studies of lesser malformations and conditions of older children, Omitting these reduced the mean to 2.9%. The reasons for and the legitimacy of such omissions will be discussed below.
Page 146
However, it must be remembered that the spontaneous elimination of some fraction of malformed abortuses reduces the frequency of malformations seen at term and modifies its spectrum as well. The increasing practice in many areas of ...
However, it must be remembered that the spontaneous elimination of some fraction of malformed abortuses reduces the frequency of malformations seen at term and modifies its spectrum as well. The increasing practice in many areas of ...
Page 147
... often affected than males, have fluctuated significantly over time (MacMahon and Yen, 1971; Elwood and Elwood, 1980; Murphy et al., 1996), and whose frequency in newborns is markedly reduced by SAB of affected embryos and fetuses.
... often affected than males, have fluctuated significantly over time (MacMahon and Yen, 1971; Elwood and Elwood, 1980; Murphy et al., 1996), and whose frequency in newborns is markedly reduced by SAB of affected embryos and fetuses.
Page 149
Nor for the same reason could the effect of time of exposure on severity of the condition, i.e., amount of reduction of head circumference, be determined. That discovery awaited a future calamity. The microcephaly was present at birth ...
Nor for the same reason could the effect of time of exposure on severity of the condition, i.e., amount of reduction of head circumference, be determined. That discovery awaited a future calamity. The microcephaly was present at birth ...
Page 150
Two hundred and five of these children had survived to 4.5 years of age, and in them, only one malformation type was significantly increased in frequency, microcephaly, i.e., significantly reduced head circumference (this is usually ...
Two hundred and five of these children had survived to 4.5 years of age, and in them, only one malformation type was significantly increased in frequency, microcephaly, i.e., significantly reduced head circumference (this is usually ...
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Contents
CHAPTER 12 SURVEILLANCE OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS | 181 |
CHAPTER 13 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS | 182 |
CHAPTER 14 HUMAN DISEASE AS TERATOGEN | 185 |
CHAPTER 15 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS AND DISASTERS | 197 |
CHAPTER 16 DISEASE MEDICATION AND TERATOGENESIS | 210 |
CHAPTER 17 FOLIC ACID AND HUMAN MALFORMATIONS | 224 |
CHAPTER 18 ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION DURING PREGNANCY | 237 |
CHAPTER 19 THE ACCOMPLISHMENT AND THE EXPECTATION | 255 |
| 167 | |
CHAPTER 10 TESTING FOR TERATOGENICITY | 173 |
CHAPTER 11 TERATOLOGICAL DETOURS | 175 |
BIBLIOGRAPHY | 256 |
INDEX | 283 |
Other editions - View all
Teratology in the Twentieth Century: Congenital Malformations in Humans and ... H. Kalter Limited preview - 2003 |
Teratology in the Twentieth Century: Congenital Malformations in Humans and ... H. Kalter No preview available - 2003 |
Common terms and phrases
abnormalities abortion agents alcohol animals anomalies appeared associated birth birth defects cause Child cleft congenital malformations considered consumption death defects deficiency diabetic discussed disease dose drinking drug early editors effects embryos environmental especially et al evidence examined experimental exposed exposure fact factors fetal findings folic acid frequency Genet given growth Health hospital human important included increased indicated induced infants Kalter known Lancet later less levels Love Canal major maternal means mental minor mothers neural tube neural tube defects normal noted occurred offspring origin outcome pattern Pediatr perhaps period population possible pregnancy prenatal present prevalence prospective question records reduced relation relatively reported retardation risk rubella seems severe specific spina bifida supplementation syndrome teratogenic Teratology testing thalidomide tion usually various vitamin Warkany weeks women York