It is almost impossible to check every spot on a vessel. The search of a vessel may be likened to the search of a large hotel, but it is more complicated.

I have here a form that lists the various sections of a ship, which gives you some idea of the various places, hundreds of places, to be searched onboard a vessel.

Senator BUTLER. Is that a public record?

Mr. FYNN. Yes.

Senator BUTLER. Do you want to make it a part of this record? Mr. FLYNN. Yes.

Senator BUTLER. It will be received and put into the record at this point.

(The document referred to follows:)

ENFORCEMENT DIVISION-REPORT OF SEARCH

Mr. FLYNN. Now, the search of a vessel usually takes place at the pier where the ship docks or occasionally in the stream. As a rule it is conducted on arrival at the vessel, but at times 1 to 24 hours later. Getting back to No. 2, cargo inspection, cargo is spot inspected by 4 squads averaging 6 port patrol officers each, as a rule.

However, for the past 4 months, we have augmented this group, and we now have a larger force and, as stated, an inspectoscope is used in connection with this phase of enforcement.

In addition, approximately 43 inspectors were assigned to routine inspection duty.

Senator BUTLER. What does the inspectoscope do that the human being does not?

Mr. FLYNN. Well, it can penetrate, you can view the contents of the case, without opening it up, and the manifest will indicate what the contents are.

If there is any deviation or suspicion, after viewing the case or parcel through the inspectoscope, and then even after examining and not being in any doubt, we open some of those, and that will always definitely disclose whether or not there is any false compartments in the case.

Watches have been discovered in false compartments.

Senator BUTLER. Do you have any method by which an opiate on the person of an individual could be detected?

Mr. FLYNN. We do not use the inspectoscope on persons. But the only way is by a personal search or through a suspicious act. Senator DANIEL. Did you used to have dogs trained for trying to locate opiates?

Mr. FLYNN. Yes. They did use them for a while; they had 2 or 3 dogs which were trained to locate opiates by the sense of smell. Senator DANIEL. Was that successful?

Mr. FLYNN. It did not appear to be very successful here at New York due to the large size of vessels and the number of people on board.

Senator BUTLER. Keep your voice up a little.

Mr. FLYNN. It did not appear to be too successful in New York. Senator DANIEL. You would have to have a lot of dogs for that operation.

Mr. FLYNN. A lot of dogs; and there are so many places of concealment on a vessel it just did not work out.

Now, passenger and baggage inspection, the third phase of our enforcement, as stated, over a million people arrive here in port every year, and may have close to 4 million pieces of baggage.

Now, the number of pieces of baggage per person to be examined is determined by the examining inspector and is predicated by a preliminary interrogation.

At least one piece of each passenger's baggage is examined, except when an individual has a free entry, such as a diplomat.

Inspectors may and do give full examination at any time circum

stances warrant.

From 40 to 200 inspectors a day are assigned to vessel baggage examination, depending upon the workload, and approximately 15 to 20 inspectors a day at the airports.

And from time to time, if conditions permit and manpower is available, we conduct a so-called 100 percent examination; we examine all of the baggage of all of the passengers on particular vessels.

Then on crew baggage, on the larger vessels such as the Queen Mary and the United States they have crews of between twelve and thirteen hundred, and other larger vessels, like the Swedish Line and the Grace Line, American Export Line, their crews average from 3 to 7 hundred; while the average freighter has 40 to 50 crew members.

The crew, after a vessel is cleared by Customs, may leave the vessel, and invariably there is a genral exodus of the crew members from the vessel immediately after they are paid off, and their baggage is examined 100 percent by the inspectors assigned to particular piers where the vessel docks. They are also reexamined quite often by our Port Patrol officers who are on undercover duty in the vicinity of the piers if they have any suspicion or information.

Now, our present force of Port Patrol officers is 265, and we generally assign them to vessel and plane searching, cargo inspection, passenger baggage at airports.

Of course, the port works 7 days a week, 24 hours a day, and when you figure your time off with a 40-hour week, and sick and annual leave, we do not have too many men available for duty out of 265.

Senator DANIEL. Would you say your are undermanned as far as searching all of these vessels is concerned?

Mr. FLYNN. Well, I feel that we could use, afford more additional manpower from the enforcement standpoint, particularly for patrol officers.

Senator DANIEL. That is not a particularly strong statement.

Mr. FLYNN. That is one of the recommendations I have here, and I am coming to it later.

Senator DANIEL. You are coming to it later. I wondered if you were going to get a little stronger than just saying you could use some

more.

Mr. FLYNN. We did have back in 1947 or 1946 as many as 800, but now we are down to 265.

Senator BUTLER. Would you be aided in the examination of passenber baggage if you had some sort of tables or something that the baggage could be put on where it would be at a more convenient level? Mr. FLYNN. Not on vessels; at the airport, yes, where we do have those tables; but it has been found out on piers, on vessels, it does not work out too satisfactorily.

Senator BUTLER. You can do it quicker on the pier?
Mr. FLYNN. Yes.

Senator DANIEL. How long ago did you have 800 men here in New York?

Mr. FLYNN. I think I can give you the exact date.
Senator DANIEL. Just approximately?

Mr. FLYNN. I think that was around 1945, 1946.

Senator DANIEL. Well, you had less narcotics smuggled in those years, did you not, if I remember correctly? That was about the lowest, we had about the lowest, amount of narcotics trouble in this country during the war years, and right after. It, of course, picked up shortly.

Mr. FLYNN. Well, I think there has been a terrific falling off as far as our phase of it is concerned.

Going back to 1928 and 1932, we used to make some seizures of terrific quantities of heroin and opium and morphine coming in concealed in cargo, in manifests of electrical aparatus or lamps or any other commodities, and it was nothing unusual in those days to make a seizure of four or five hundred pounds of heroin.

Now, just recently, a few weeks ago we made a seizure of 211⁄2 pounds of heroin. That is one of the largest seizures we have made in recent years, in a number of years.

Senator DANIEL. Where did you make that seizure?

Mr. FLYNN. That seizure was made on the French steamship St. Lo over here in Brooklyn.

Senator DANIEL. Where did you find it concealed!

Mr. FLYNN. About 20 pounds were found concealed behind the framework concealing some pipes in the toilet in the crew's quarters. There was no information. Another pound was found concealed under bags of potatoes on the deck.

Senator DANIEL. Did you have any-if I ask you a question that you should not answer, you tell me but did you have information ahead of time on that shipment?

Mr. FLYNN. Positively no information. The searching squad were doing a routine inspection.

Senator DANIEL. The searching squad found that themselves without information tipoff?

Mr. FLYNN. Without any tipoff.

Senator DANIEL. And that much heroin on the market would be worth a lot of money, would it not?

Mr. FLYNN. Yes, indeed. By the time it is diluted, the way I understand they dilute it, it would probably run into $2 million. I understand they pay anywheres from four to six thousand dollars a kilo abroad for it, the dealers.

Senator DANIEL. What troubles me is when you say you had 800 men here in 1945 and 1946, and you have got two hundred-and-someodd now, it would seem that your force has been reduced instead of increased with the increase of business and transportation.

Mr. FLYNN. That is correct, sir. During April 1954, approximately 7,0000 printed notices here soliciting original information leading to the seizure of smuggled heroin were distributed to steamship companies, railroads, and posted on the piers and the Transatlantic Conference of the Steamship Operators, and this was well received.