There should be hospitals or halfway houses for patients who do not have suitable homes to return to; and that, too, should be properly staffed and equipped.

One additional recommendation is something which I would like to see tried, and it would be ambulatory reduction and withdrawal treatment of previously hospitalized addicts in clinics conducted by the hospital that had them hospitalized.

Senator DANIEL. Doctor, we appreciate these recommendations. I wish that we could go on and discuss this with you further, but we are coming to Riverside to see your institution.

You have with you today Miss Ruth Mock, superintendent of nurses who has been at the hospital, and we want to hear from her some time. We are coming out though to see the institution, and we appreciate your assistance here today.

Dr. GAMSO. Thank you. I appreciate that, and I look forward to your coming out.

Senator DANIEL. Thank you very much, and if either of you have any further recommendations to make to us, please send them to us or give them to us when we come to visit the hospital.

Dr. GAMSO. I have with me also Mr. Jacob Mellitz, and Dr. Robert Wexelblatt.

Senator DANIEL. Let the record show that these other people are here.

Dr. GAMSO. And Dr. Morris A Jacobs, deputy commissioner, department of hospitals.

Senator DANIEL. If you gentlemen from the customs agency will come up we will be ready to start with you immediately after the recess. (Short recess.)

Senator DANIEL. The committee will come to order.

Dr. Jacobs, deputy superintendent, department of hospitals of New York.

STATEMENT OF DR. MORRIS A. JACOBS, DEPUTY COMMISSIONER, DEPARTMENT OF HOSPITALS, NEW YORK

Dr. JACOBS. I am Dr. Jacobs, deputy commissioner, Department of Hospitals of the City of New York.

Mr. Chairman, I would like to put a statement in the record. Senator DANIEL. Dr. Jacobs, we appreciate your appearing before us, and we just regret that our time is running out on us here in New York, but we do appreciate the preparation of your statement. Your statement will be included in the record at this point.

Dr. JACOBS. Thank you. I have a statement of mine.

Senator DANIEL. It will be placed in the record at this point. We thank you very much.

(The documents referred to follow :)

STATEMENT BY DR. MORRIS A. JACOBS, DEPUTY COMMISSIONER, DEPARTMENT OF HOSPITALS

First I should like to express the personal regrets of Dr. Basil C. MacLean, commissioner of the department of hospitals for his inability to appear before this committee.

Riverside Hospital, located on North Brother Island, was opened as a treatment facility for preadult narcotic users in July 1952. This hospital was set up following certain necessary State legislation. It should be pointed out that it

is a joint venture of the city and State with the latter providing partial subsidy for its operation. The department of hospitals had reservations regarding the first year's operation and subsequently it was placed on a firmer scientific basis with an active lay advisory board, including representation of the courts, social agencies and educators.

Studies made before opening Riverside Hospital envisioned the development of a hospital-school which would bring to bear at one point all the scattered resources of the community. The principal effort was toward salvaging those youngsters who are salvageable, taking them out of their ordinary environment for a period long enough to enable them to assume command over the influences which had misguided them. The problem of their physical disability was not as important as the emotional difficulties. Given the opportunity of a long-term rehabilitation program, a large number of these youngsters should prove salvageable.

What was needed was a facility based on an entirely different social, medical, and corrective philosophy; a facility designed, equipped, and staffed for the express purpose of offering guidance and help to young people whose addiction problems are manifestations of more basic psychological and social difficulties. Full assistance in this task is given by the judicial, probation, and police authorities. Cooperation of public health, judicial, welfare, and other governmental and voluntary agencies is essential to the success of the program.

The professional direction of the unit is by psychiatrists from several medical colleges; this assures a high standard visiting staff arrangement. The resident medical staff is provided by the psyciatric divisions of Bellevue and Kings County Hospitals. Thus a team of medical, sociological, psychiatric, educational, and rehabilitation specialists were brought to bear on the problem presented by each individual case. The program further envisioned the establishment of individual and family counseling service.

The board of education has given the fullest cooperation to Riverside Hospital and has set up a special school on North Brother Island (P. S. 619, Bronx) for the vital educational aspects of the rehabilitation program.

Because of questions raised as to the effectiveness and cost of this new undertaking, Commissioner MacLean several months ago made a formal application to Dr. Leonard A. Scheele, Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service, for a study and survey of this institution. It is expected that a report of its findings will be forthcoming this fall.

The cost of operating Riverside Hospital for the year 1954 amounted to $1,148,470 with per diem cost of $33.90.

I have brought with me Dr. Rafael R. Gamso, medical superintendent of that institution who is prepared to answer questions regarding the operation of Riverside Hospital.

An objective appraisal of Riverside Hospital for preadult drug users on North Brother Island will be conducted by the Public Health Service of the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare, it was announced today by Dr. Basil C. MacLean, commissioner of hospitals. The study and survey will be under the direction of the Bureau of Medical Services of the Federal agency, and is expected to get underway early in June.

Riverside Hospital has been operated by the department of hospitals since July 1952 and will thus complete 3 years of service on July 1 next. Because of the experimental nature of this facility and in view of recent criticism of the effectiveness of the program and its cost of operation, the commissioner of hospitals made formal application to Dr. Leonard A. Scheele, United States Surgeon General, for an impartial study and report. Excluding educational facilities, which are provided by the board of education, the cost per patient-day at Riverside runs slightly over $30. The program is a joint venture of New York State and New York City, with the State providing a subsidy of $7.50 per patient-day, under the provisions of the physically handicapped law.

A total of 715 patients under 21 years of age have been treated at Riverside since it began functioning, almost all of them heroin users. It is currently operating with a census of 113 patients, or about 80 percent its bed complement of 140. Admissions are on a voluntary basis with the majority of them coming through court referral from the narcotics term of magistrates court, set up in May 1952 to process adolescent narcotics users in accordance with section 439A of the New York State public health law. This legislation was enacted earlier in 1952 by the State legislature following the announcement on November 14, 1951, by the then Governor, Thomas E. Dewey, and the then Mayor Vincent R.

Impellitteri, that a special facility would be established for the care, treatment, guidance, and rehabilitation of the adolescent narcotics users.

The minimum stay of a patient at Riverside is 1 month, and the average stay 5 months. Active followup care, including psychiatric and social-work guidance is an integral part of the Riverside program. The hospital has an active lay advisory board, including professional, scientific, and community representation. The board of hospitals held its regular monthly meeting at Riverside yesterday (Wednesday, March 16), inspected the facility and heard a report of the hospital activities from Dr. Rafael R. Gamso, medical superintendent. Commissioner MacLean announced receipt of a communication from Acting Surgeon General W. Palmer Dearing, stating that plans for the study are being developed and that the Public Health Service would be able to undertake it early in June. The hospital board members who attended, in addition to Dr. MacLean, were Dr. George Baehr, Dr. Edward M. Bernecker, former Judge Louis Goldstein, Dr. Charles A. Gordon, and Dr. Willard C. Rappleye.

Senator DANIEL. For the information of several who have inquired as to the rest of our witnesses today, let me say that we have more witnesses today than we can possibly finish with, and we are going to try to complete the hearing today without working too long.

We have one witness that the committee desired, and who had agreed to appear before our committee at some date and who, unfortunately, we did not know could be present today, at least the Chair did not.

Senator Butler, we had planned for him to appear before us in Washington on Friday. He is here today, and we would like to hear him today, but there again we, Senator Butler and I, have just gone over a brief résumé of his evidence and his statement, and it is something that should not be attempted in a short time, because he has a real story to tell us, a person who was an addict himself, addicted to morphine, and who has been able to, with his willpower, stay off of it now for 8 years. That is Barney Ross, former welterweight boxing champion of the world.

Mr. Ross will appear before the committee Friday morning at 10 o'clock, when we resume our hearings in Washington.

Now then we have before us at this time Mr. Page and Mr. Flynn of the Customs Service. Which of you will present your testimony? Mr. FLYNN. It probably will be best if I start off.

Senator DANIEL. I am going to ask Senator Butler to preside. Both of you may be sworn at the same time.

Senator BUTLER. Before Almighty God, do you solemnly promise and swear that the testimony you are about to give before the subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?

Mr. PAGE. Yes.

Mr. FLYNN. Yes.

TESTIMONY OF JOSEPH J. FLYNN, ASSISTANT SURVEYOR OF CUSTOMS; AND JAMES H. PAGE, CUSTOMS AGENCY SERVICE

Senator BUTLER. Mr. Flynn, I think you have a prepared statement.

Mr. FLYNN. Yes, sir.

The collector of customs at New York is the Honorable Robert W. Dill, who is charged with the collection of the customs revenue and the enforcement of the customs laws and such other laws as he may be directed to enforce by the Secretary of the Treasury.

And directly under him is the surveyor of customs, the outdoor executive of the port, who is the Honorable Harry Edwards, who directs all enforcement activities, supervising the inspectional and port patrol forces to prevent smuggling and detect violations of laws which customs must enforce.

Mr. GASQUE. Mr. Flynn, do you have a copy of your statement? Mr. FLYNN. Yes.

I have a copy of an organization chart as it relates to our enforcement, particularly on narcotics.

Senator BUTLER. That will be received and made a part of the record.

(The document referred to faces this page.)

Mr. FLYNN. Now, the port area embraces an area of over 1,000 square miles and has a frontage of 750 miles of waterways, of which there are 460 miles in New York, and 290 miles in New Jersey. The area covers from Perth Amboy, N. J., to Albany, N. Y.

There are about 170 steamship companies here operating vessels in and out of the port of New York, and about 12,000 vessels arrive a year, of which about 8,600 are from foreign ports. They discharge cargo and passengers.

There are about 350 piers at the port at which ships from foreign ports may dock. On the average day we have approximately 110 ships from foreign ports in port here, and they are docked at approximately 90 or 95 piers. Approximately 24 vessels arrived daily, and about 50 planes from foreign ports.

During the calendar year 1954, over 1 million passengers arrived at this port, and were equally divided, about 500,000 by vessel and about 500,000 by plane. During the calendar year 1954, there were over 29 million tons of cargo imported, having a value of over $3 billion.

The five major methods we use to combate smuggling are: 1. The searching of vessels and planes.

2. Spot check of cargo by physical inspection and the use of an inspectoscope, that is sort of an X-ray device.

3. The examination of passengers and their baggage arriving by vessel and plane.

4. By guarding of the pierheads and gangways by uniformed personnel to observe and search seamen, longshoremen, and other persons leaving the ship or pier.

5. Surveillance with the use of three-way radio equipped automobiles for overall coverage of the port.

This surveillance and interrogation and searching of suspects on vessels, piers, or in the immediate vicinity of the piers, is done by port patrol officers, both in uniform and undercover.

Getting back to No. 1 on the searching, approximately 6 vessels are searched daily or about 1 out of 4 vessels that arrive.

Selection of these vessels for search is based on information, previous violations or the fact that the vessels arrive from suspect areas. Approximately 40 officers are assigned to vessel and plane searching daily; they are divided into teams of anywhere from 6 to 10

men.

There are many places of concealment aboard a vessel, and a search usually consumes about 6 hours.