This whole power defined and discussed, notes 178-184.
The tenure of office bill regulating, n. 184, p. 179.
Law and equity. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in
law and equity arising under this Constitution, the laws
of the United States, and the treaties made, or which
shall be made, under their authority, &c. (See Judicial
Power.)
(See Judicial Power) When cases arise, n. 199, p.
195. Cases in equity, n. 200. (See Case.)
LAW and fact. The Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdic-
tion, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and
under such regulations, as the Congress shall make...
(See
Appellate-Jurisdiction-Judicial
The jurisdiction must be conferred by law, n. 211. The
judiciary laws on the subject. Id.
LAW. When crimes shall not have been committed within any
State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Con-
gress may by law have directed.
The rule on the subject, n. 214.
LAW. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the
laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence
of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such
service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the
party to whom such service or labor may be due.
(See Fugitives-Labor-Slaves.) This secured the
right of the slaveholder against State legislation, n. 227.
LAW. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which
shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made,
or which shall be made, under the authority of the United
States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the
judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any thing in
the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary not-
withstanding..
Law defined, n. 239. It is in its nature supreme, n 238.
The laws of Congress are exclusive, n. 239. President
Johnson's notion as to unconstitutional, n. 239. Supreme
law defined, n. 240.
LAW. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of
religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridg-
ing the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of
the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the goy-
ernment for a redress of grievances. Amendments
This article defined and discussed. (See Establishment,
n. 245.)
LAW. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any
house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of
war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Amend-
LAW. Nor shall any person be deprived of life, liberty, or property,
without due process of law. Amendments..
Due process of law defined, derived, and discussed, n.
257. (See Due Process of Law.)
LAW. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the
right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of
the State and district wherein the crime shall have been
committed; which district shall have been previously
ascertained by law.
Amendments......
LAW. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy
shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall
be preserved; and no fact tried by a jury shall be other-
wise re-examined in any court of the United States than
according to the rules of the common law. Amendments.
Common law is here used in contradistinction to equity,
n. 263. Not of any particular State, n. 263. (See Common
Law-Jury.)
LAW or equity. The judicial power of the United States shall not
be construed to extend to any suit, in law or equity, com-
menced or prosecuted against one of the United States by
citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any
foreign State.
Amendments..
(See this article explained and discussed, notes 263, 264,
265.)
LAWRENCE, JOHN. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 38, p. 78...
LAWS Congress shall have power to establish an uniform rule of
naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bank-
ruptcies, throughout the United States...
The laws of naturalization discussed, n. 93. (See Alle-
giance-Citizen-Bankruptcy.) Bankrupt defined, n.
94. Bankruptcy defined, n. 95. When the States have
authority to pass bankrupt laws, n. 96.
LAWS of the Union. Congress shall have power to provide for
calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union,
suppress insurrections, and repel invasions..
Laws of the Union defined, n. 131.
LAWS. Congress shall have power to make all laws which shall
be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the
foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this
Constitution in the government of the United States, or in
any department or office thereof...
This clause defined and discussed, notes 138, 274. Congress has all the incidental and instrumental powers necessary, n. 138, p. 139.
LAWS. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws
LAWS. All such State laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress
LAWS. The President shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed.
LAWS of the United States. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity...
LAY and collect duties. Congress shall have power to lay and colduties, taxes, imposts, and excises.
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Duties-Taxes-Imposts-Excises.)
LEE, FRANCIS LIGHTFOOT, of Virginia. Signed Declaration of Inde-
pendence, p. 8; and Articles of Confederation, p. 21.
LEE, RICHARD HENRY, of Virginia. Signed Declaration of Inde-
pendence, p. 7. Signed Articles of Confederation, p. 21.
LEGISLATION, exclusive. Congress shall have power to exercise
exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such
district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession
of particular States and the acceptance of Congress, be-
come the seat of government of the United States, and to
exercise like authority over all places purchased by the
consent of the legislature of the State in which the same
shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals,
dock-yards, and other needful buildings
Character of this legislation and jurisdiction, notes 186,
137. LEGISLATURE Electors of representatives in Congress shall have qualifications same as for electors of most numerous branch of the State legislature...
The qualifications for, in each State, alphabetically arranged, n. 16, pp. 59-64.
LEGISLATURE the, of each State shall choose two senators for six
The practice and now the law, notes 28, 29, 30. LEGISLATURE. If vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise in the seats of senators, during the recess of the legislature of any State, the excutive thereof may make temporary appointments to fill such vacancies, until the next meetof the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies.... Seats how vacated, n. 32.
LEGISLATURE. The times, places, and manner of holding elections
for senators and representatives shall be prescribed in
each State by the legislature thereof; but the Congress
may, at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations,
except as to the places of choosing senators....
The law upon the subject, n. 30.
LEGISLATURE. The United States shall, on the application of the
legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature
cannot be convened, protect each State against domestic
violence..
Disqualification for having taken an oath as member of. (See Offices.) Amendments.
How far the disqualification extended under the reconstruction laws, n. 281. LEGISLATURE. Must direct the mode of ascertaining compensa
tion for private property, n. 259.
LEGISLATURES of States. Congress shall exercise exclusive Jegislation over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings
This is not as a local legislature, but as the legislature of the Union, n. 137. The exclusive jurisdiction can only be acquired by the consent of the State, n. 137. And when given they cannot tax these lands, n. 137. LEGISLATURES of States may direct the manner of appointing electors of President and Vice-President of the United States...
They are now elected by the people, n. 167. LEGISLATURES of States. No new State shall be formed within another State, nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, without the consent of the legis latures of the States concerned and of Congress... How States may, and how Virginia did consent, n. 235. LEGISLATURES. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by Congress....
The only amendments made have been through the legislatures, n. 236. When they ratified the thirteenth and fourteenth amendments, Id.
LEGISLATURES. The members of the several State legislatures shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution
LEGISLATURES. When the legislatures of the rebel States shall have adopted the fourteenth constitutional amendment, n. 276, p. 283, § 5
LETTERS of marque and reprisal. Congress shall have power to
grant letters of marque and reprisal....
This power defined, n. 119. Marque defined, n. 120.
Reprisal defined, n. 121. This power under the Confedera-
LEWIS, FRANCIS, of New York. Signed Dec. of Ind. p. 7. Signed
Articles of Confederation, p. 21.
LIBERTY. The Constitution established to secure the blessings of
liberty, &c. Preamble.
Liberty defined, n. 12. Habeas corpus is the writ for the infraction of, n. 141, p. 144. The 13th amendment further secured, n. 274. Of conscience, n. 245. Of speech, n. 246. Of the press, n. 247. Of petition, n. 248. Secured by due course of law, n. 257. Of the citizen not to be destroyed
but by the judgment of his peers, n. 258. Civil liberty
and martial law cannot endure together, n. 260.
LIBERTY. Nor shall any person be deprived of life, liberty, or
property, without due process of law. Amendments.....
Derived from Magna Charta, n. 257. Due process of law
defined, Id.
LICENSE by a municipal corporation is not a regulation of com-
merce, n. 87, p 106.
LIFE. No attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood or
forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted..
(See Attainder.)
LIFE or limb. Nor shall any person be subject, for the same
offense, to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb.
Amendments.
LIFE, liberty, or property. Nor shall any person be deprived of
life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.
Amendments
LISTS of electoral votes for President and Vice-President of the
United States to be made. Amendments
LIVINGSTON, BROCKHOLST Associate Justice. n. 197, p. 193.
LIVINGSTON, PHILIP, of New York. Signed Dec. of Ind. p. 7.
LOUISIANA. Qualifications of suffrage in, n. 17. Number of rep-
resentatives, n. 24. Population of, in each decade, n. 24.
Admitted into the Union, n. 230. Assigned to fifth judi-
cial circuit, n. 197. Its history during the rebellion, n. 235.
Ratified the 13th amendment, n. 274; rejected the 14th, n.
275. One of the non-reconstructed States, n. 277, § 1.
Number of registered voters, n. 278.
LOVELL, JAMES, of Mass. Signed Articles of Confederation, p. 21.
LYNCH, THOMAS, Jr., of South Carolina. Signed Dec. of Ind. p. 8.
MADISON, JAMES, Jr., of Virginia. Signed the Constitution, pp.
42, 252. President, n. 166. His views on impeachment,
n. 194. On bills of credit, n. 93.
MAGAZINES, &c. Congress shall have power to exercise exclusive
legislation over forts, magazines, &c..
(See Exclusive Legislation, n. 137.)
MAHOMETANISM. The first amendment not to countenance or ad-
vance, n. 245.
MAINE. Qualifications of voters in, n. 17, p. 61. Five representa
tives in 1860, n. 24, p. 69. Population through each decade,
n. 24, pp. 69, 70. Assigned to the first judicial circuit,
n. 197, p. 182. Admitted into the Union, n. 230. Ratified
the 18th amendment, n. 274; the 14th, n. 275.
MAJOR-GENERALS. Five in the army, n. 124.
MAJORITY of each house of Congress shall constitute a quorum to
do business. Amendments...
A majority of those present, n. 67.
MAJORITY of the whole number of electors necessary to elect the
President and Vice-President of the United States.
Amendments..
MAJORITY of all the States shall be necessary to a choice of Presi-
dent when the election shall devolve on the House of
Representatives. Amendments.
MAJORITY of the whole number of senators shall be necessary to
a choice of Vice-President, when the election of that offi-
cer devolves upon the Senate. Amendments
MAJORITY of voters to ratify the Constitutions of the Confederate
States, n. 276, p. 283, § 5. A majority of all the registered
voters must vote for the convention, n. 276, p. 285, § 3.
And a majority of the registered votes cast at the elec-
tion must ratify the Constitution, Id. § 5.
MARITIME jurisdiction. The judicial power shall extend to all
cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction....
This jurisdiction defined, n. 203. Maritime was used
to guard against a narrow construction of the word ad-
miralty, n. 203. Admiralty jurisdiction embraces all
maritime contracts wherever made, n. 203. As for
material, &c., Id.
MARQUE. This power under the Confederation, Art. IX. p. 14.
MARQUE and reprisal. Congress shall have power to grant letters
of marque and reprisal...
These terms defined, notes 119, 120, 121.
MARQUE and reprisal. No State shall grant letters of marque and
reprisal.
Because it is a national power, n. 152.
MARRIAGE. Used in connection with definition of disparage,
MARSHAL of the United States. R. C. Parsons, the present, n.
MARTIAL law. Cannot exist with civil liberty, n. 260. Defined
and distinguished from other military law, n. 260, p. 265.
MARTIAL law, or military law, defined and explained, n. 262,
p. 265.
MARYLAND. Signed the Dec. of Ind. p. 7. One of the Confede-
ration, p. 9. Signed the Articles of Confederation, p. 21;
the Constitution of the United States, pp. 41, 252. Quali-
fication of voters, n. 17, p. 61.
MARYLAND. Entitled to six representatives in the first Congress.
Five representatives by census of 1860, n. 24, p. 69.
The number of inhabitants through each decade, n. 24,
pp. 69, 70. Assigned to the fourth judicial circuit, n. 197, p
192. Ratified the 13th constitutional amendment, n. 274
and rejected the 14th, n. 275.
MASSACHUSETTS. Signed the Dec. of Ind. p. 7. One of the Con-
federation, p. 9. Signed the Articles of Confederation,
p. 21. Signed the Constitution of the United States, p. 41.
Qualification of voters, n. 17, p. 61. Eight representatives
in first Congress. Ten representatives in 1860, n. 24, p. 69.
Number of inhabitants through each decade, n. 24, pp. 69,
70. Assigned to the first judicial circuit, n. 197, p. 192..
MASTERS of vessels cannot be required to pay a passenger tax,
n. 88.
MASTERS. Might seize and recapture their slaves, n. 227, p. 233.
The slaves to be delivered up to them, n. 228. Can assign
their apprentices in Maryland, n. 274, p. 273.
MATERIALS for ships under admiralty jurisdiction, n. 203.
MEASURES. The President shall, from time to time, recommend
to the consideration of Congress such measures as he shall
judge necessary and expedient.....
MEASURES. Congress has power to fix the standard of weights
and measures..
To fix defined, n. 101. Weights and measures of the
metric system made lawful, n. 102, p. 117, §1. And con-
tracts therein rendered valid, Id. Tables for, established,
Id. § 2. Measures of length, Id. Of surface, Id. Of ca-
pacity, Id., p. 118.
MEETING of Congress. The census to be taken within three years
of the first meeting of Congress...
MEETING. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every
year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in
December, unless they shall by law appoint a different
When the constitutional term expires, n. 43.
meetings as now prescribed by law, n. 48. Three of each
Congress, Id.
MEMBERS of House of Representatives. (See Representatives.)
MEMBERS of the Senate. (See Senators.)
MICHIGAN. Qualifications for suffrage in, n. 17. Number of rep-
resentatives, n. 24. Population in each decade, n. 24, pp.
69, 70. Assigned to sixth judicial circuit, n. 197.
mitted into the Union, n. 230. Ratified the 13th amend-
ment, n. 274; the 14th, n. 275.
MIDDLETON, ARTHUR, of South Carolina. Signed Dec. of Ind.
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