HOUSE. Each, may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish
its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the con-
currence of two-thirds, expel a member..

The rules, where found, n. 47. The right to punish for
contempts, n. 48. For what a member may be expelled;
and who have been expelled, notes 49, 50.

HOUSE. Each, shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from
time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as
may, in their judgment, require secrecy; and the yeas and
nays of the members of either house, on any question,
shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered
on the journal

The object of this, n. 51.

HOUSE. Neither, during the session of Congress, shall without the
consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days,
nor to any other place than that in which the two houses
shall be sitting

....

This was to secure independence of the President, n. 52.
HOUSE of Representatives. All bills for raising revenue shall
originate in the House of Representatives, but the Senate
may propose, or concur with, amendments, as on other
bills.

Copied from the English law, n. 64. Revenue defined,
n. 65.
HOUSE of Representatives and Senate. Every bill which shall
have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate
shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President
of the United States; if he approve, he shall sign it, but if
not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that house
in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the ob-
jections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider
it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that house
shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with
the objections, to the other house, by which it shall like-
wise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that
house, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the
votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays;
and the names of the persons voting for and against the
bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respect-
ively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President
within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have
been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like
manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their
adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not
be a law..

When bills take effect, n. 66. The returning, negative
or veto defined, n. 67. History of the veto, n. 67. pp. 92, 93.
HOUSE of Representatives and Senate. Every order, resolution, or
vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of
Representatives may be necessary (except on a question
of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the
United States, and, before the same shall take effect, shall
be approved by him; or, being disapproved by him, shall
he repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Rep-
resentatives, according to the rules and limitations pre-
scribed in the case of a bill..

When a joint resolution is a law, n. 70. Resolutions
proposing amendments to the Constitution need not be
submitted to the President, notes 236, 275, 284.

HOUSE of Representatives. If no person have a majority (of the
electoral votes as President of the United States), then,
from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceed-
ing three, on the list of those voted for as President, the
House of Representatives shall choose, immediately, by
ballot, the President. But, in choosing the President, the
votes shall be taken by States, the representatives from
each State having one vote: a quorum for this purpose
shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of

the States, and a majority of all the States shall be neces-
sary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives
shall not choose a President, whenever the right of choice
sball devolve upon them, before the 4th day of March next
following, then the Vice-President shall act as President,
as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability
of the President. Amendments..

The old Constitution, n. 168. The contingency of four
candidates and a tie vote met, n. 168, p. 166.

HOUSES. The right of the people to be secure in their houses
against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be
violated. Amendments

The people defined, n. 251. Searches and seizures, when
unreasonable, n. 251. Warrants defined, n. 252.

HOUSES of Congress. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both

shall propose amendments

All the amendments have

houses shall deem it necessary,
to this Constitution..
What is the Congress, n. 275.
been proposed to the legislatures, n. 236. The history of
the first twelve, n. 244. Of the thirteenth, n. 274. Of the
fourteenth, notes 275-285.

HOUSES of Congress. The President may, on extraordinary occa-
sions, convene both houses of Congress, or either of them.
The exercise of this power, n. 188.

HUNTINGTON, SAMUEL, of Connecticut. Signed Dec. of Ind. p. 7.
Signed Articles of Confederation, p. 21.

HUTSON, RICHARD, of S. C. Signed Articles of Confederation, p. 21.
HYDROMETERS to be procured, n. 102, p. 117.

ILLINOIS. Qualifications for suffrage in, n. 17, p. 60. Fourteen
representatives in 1860, n. 24. Population during the dif-
ferent decades, n. 24, pp. 69, 70. Assigned to the seventh
judicial circuit, n. 197, p. 192. Admitted into the Union,
n. 230. Ratified the 13th amendment, n. 274; and the 14th,

n. 275.

IMMIGRANTS from Europe, with six years' residence, allowed to
vote in South Carolina, n. 17, p. 64. And in Wisconsin, Id.
IMMIGRATION. The proper term in, Art. I. Sec. 9, cl. 1, n. 139.
IMMUNITIES. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all
privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States.
Citizens defined, and their classification. (See Citizens,
notes 220, 274.) Privileges and immunities defined, n. 221.
Immunities are rights of exemption only, n. 221.
IMPEACHMENT. The House of Representatives shall have the sole
power of impeachment..

We look to the common law for the definition of im-
peachment, n. 27. Defined, notes 27, 191. Discussed as
to what are high crimes and misdemeanors, n. 194. How
tried, and trials where found, n. 39. Oath of senators on
trial, n. 39, p. 82. Questions to senators, Id. Judgment
in cases of, n. 40. History of, n. 194.

IMPEACHMENT. The Senate of the United States shall have the
sole power to try all impeachments
For the doctrine and precedents, n. 39.

IMPEACHMENT.

When sitting to try an impeachment, the Senate

shall be on oath or affirmation..

The oath of the senators, and the question propounded
to them, n. 39.

IMPEACHMENT. When the President is tried, the Chief-Justice
shall preside...

History and failure of the effort to impeach President
Johnson n. 194. Charges against, and law arguments, n. 194.
IMPEACHMENT. No person shall be convicted without the con-
currence of two-thirds of the members present
IMPEACHMENT. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not
extend further than removal from oflice, and disqualifica-
tion to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit,
under the United States...

Judgment defined, n. 40. Whether it can be less than removal and disqualification, n. 40. It can be no more, Id. IMPEACHMENT. But the party convicted shall, nevertheless, be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, ånd punishment, according to law... IMPEACHMENT. The President shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment..

The power to pardon is unlimited, with this exception, n. 176, p. 173. IMPEACHMENT. All civil officers of the United States shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misde

meanors..

None but civil officers, n. 191. Impeachment defined, notes 27, 191. For treason and bribery, n. 192. High crimes defined, n. 193. Misdemeanors defined and distinguished from felony, n. 194. No case yet tried rests upon statutable misdemeanors, n. 194, p. 187. Charges against President Johnson. Argument of the minority that they are not crimes or misdemeanors, n. 194, p. 188. Chase's trial, notes 27, 194. Blount's trial, n. 194. The charges, Id. Peck and Humphries, n. 194, p. 188. "Good behavior" cannot apply to the President.

IMPEACHMENT. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeach

ment, shall be by jury..

Trial and crimes defined, n. 212.

IMPORTATION. No amendment made prior to 1808 shall affect the 1st and 4th clauses of the 9th section...

IMPORTATION of persons. (Slaves.) The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by Congress prior to the year eighteen hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation not exceeding ten dollars for each person...

Migration or importation defined and discussed. Migration is voluntary; importation involuntary, n. 139. Iminigration the proper word, Id.

IMPOSTS. Congress shall have power to lay imposts...

Imposts defined, notes 76, 144.

28, 94

IMPOSTS. All duties, imposts, and excises, shall be uniform. throughout the United States

Taxes must be by the rules of uniformity or apportionment, notes 22, 81, 144, 145. It here means that the same duties shall be paid at all the ports.

25, 194

IMPOSTS. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, &c. (See Duties.) Imposts defined, n. 162.

INABILITY. In case of the inability of the President to discharge the powers and duties of that office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President; and in case of the inability of both President and Vice-President, Congress shall by law declare what officer shall then act as President.

The law of, n. 172, § 8. The President pro tem. to act as President when; Speaker of the House, n. 172.

INDEPENDENCE. Declaration of, pp. 1-8.

INDEPENDENCE. All who adhered to the cause of, became citizens

of the United States, n. 220, §§ 1, 6. And those who adhered to the independence of Mexico how far, Id. INDEPENDENT. That these United States are, &c., p. 6. Texas was before annexation, Pref. p. viii. Its rights, as such, how far surrendered, Id.

in, n. 17, p. 61. Eleven
Population during the dif-
Assigned to the seventh
Admitted into the Union,

INDIANA. Qualifications for suffrage
representatives in 1860, n. 24.
ferent decades, n. 24, pp. 69-71.
judicial circuit, n. 197, p. 192.
n. 230. Ratified the 13th amendment, n. 274; and the
14th, n. 275.

INDIAN tribes. Congress shall have power to regulate commerce
among the several States, and with the Indian tribes.

The power is absolute, without reference to the locality
of the tribe, n. 91. As long as their tribal relations exist,
n. 91. It extends to prohibiting intercourse with the
Indians and punishing crime in their country, n. 91. Their
ownership of land defined, n. 91. A white man adopted
by the Indians is not an Indian, n. 91. The tribes are not
subject to the internal revenue tax, n. 91, pp. 110, 111. Nor
to the State laws of taxation, n. 91, p. 111, § 1. Commerce
with the Indians is regulated by treaties and intercourse
laws, n. 92, § 2. Not embraced in acts of Congress unless
named, n. 92, § 3. Not foreign States, nor States of the
Union, n. 208. Slaves among them might be apprehended
by the President, n. 257.

INDIANS. Were citizens of Mexico, and thus became citizens of
the United States, n. 220, § 6. Portions of them declared
citizens of the United States by treaty, n. 220, § 11.

INDIANS not taxed, excluded from representative numbers.

Same provision in the 14th amendment, pp. 50, 279, § 2.
INDICTMENT. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or
otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or in-
dictment of a grand jury, &c. Amendments..

Presentment and indictment defined, n. 253. Grand
jury defined; regulated by act of Congress, Id. Accusa-
tion means a copy of the presentment or indictment, n.
260. This amendment secures a presentiment or indict-
ment before there can be a jury trial, n. 213.

INDICTMENT. Persons convicted on an impeachment, shall never-
theless be subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and
punishment, according to law.....

(See Impeachment.)

INFERIOR Courts. Congress shall have power to create tribunals
inferior to the Supreme Court....

To constitute and tribunals defined, n. 109. This affords
no pretext for abrogating any established law of property,
n. 109. Or overruling State decisions as to, Id.

INFERIOR Courts. The judicial power of the United States shall be
vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts
as Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.
The judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall
hold their offices during good behavior

Congress may also define the jurisdiction of inferior
courts; Territorial courts are inferior, n. 196. The tenure
is for life or until impeachment, n. 197.

INFERIOR officers. (See Appointment, notes 179-184)..
INGERSOLL, JARED, of Penn. Signed this Constitution, pp. 42, 252.
INHABITANT. A representative in Congress shall be an inhabitant
of the State in which he shall be chosen...

Inhabitant defined, n. 20. Of the District of Columbia
does, a foreign minister does not, lose his character of, n. 20.
INHABITANT. A senator in Congress shall be an inhabitant of the
State in which he shall be chosen..
INHABITANT. The electors shall meet in their respective States,
and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one
of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the samne
State with themselves. Amendments...

INHABITANTS. Treated as citizens under the Articles of Confeder-

ation, Art. IV. p. 10. Of Louisiana, Florida, Texas, Cali-
fornia, and Arizona became citizens, n. 220, § 3, 4, 5.
Corporations are, for the purpose of suits, n. 206. The rela-
tions of the, of the loyal States during the rebellion, notes
117, 215.

INSPECTION laws. No State shall, without the consent of Congress,
lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except
what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspec-
tion laws.

Inspection defined, n. 164. Absolutely necessary de-

fined, n. 62. They are component parts of the power of a
State, n. 89, p. 108.

INSTRUMENT. The Constitution must be construed like any other,
n. 170.

INSTRUMENTS. The right to regulate commerce carries along the
right to regulate the instruments of intercourse and trade,
notes 85, 274.

INSTRUMENTS. Secretary of the Treasury to procure for weighing
and gauging, n. 102, p. 118.

INSURGENT States. During the rebellion did not become foreign,
and their inhabitants alien enemies, n. 213. (See Rebel
States.)
INSURRECTION. The United States shall, on application of the
legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature can-
not be convened), protect each State against domestic
violence or insurrection..

Acts of the Congress upon the subject, n. 235. The
President must decide upon the facts of the case, Id. p. 246.
INSURRECTIONS. Congress shall have power to provide for calling
forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress
insurrections, and repel invasions....

Insurrections defined and discussed, n. 182. Invasions
defined, n. 133.

INTERIOR Waters. The admiralty jurisdiction over defined, n.

203.

INTERCOURSE cannot be restricted by the States, n. 87, p. 106.
INVADED. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, engage
in war unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger
as will not admit of delay..

The States may repel invasions upon emergencies, n. 164.
INVASION. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not
be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or inva-
sion, the public safety may require it...

(See Habeas Corpus, note 141.) The President sus-
pended the writ, Id. n. 141, p. 143.

INVASION. The United States shall protect each State against
invasion

Invasion defined, notes 133, 234. Extends to domestic
as well as foreign hostility, n. 234. A political question,
n. 234. History of, during the rebellion, Id.

INVASIONS. Congress shall have power to provide for calling
forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, sup-
press insurrections, and repel invasions

This is coupled with the guaranty to protect against,
n. 133. It may be by State authority, n. 133.

INVENTORS may secure exclusive rights to their discoveries for a
limited time..

Inventors defined, n. 108.

IOWA. Qualifications for suffrage in, n. 17, p. 61. Six representa-
tives in 1860, n. 24. Population during the different
decades, n. 24, pp. 69, 70. Assigned to the eighth judicial
circuit, n. 197, p. 192. Admitted into the Union, n. 230.
Ratified the 13th amendinent; n. 274, and the 14th, n. 275.
IREDELL, JAMES. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, n. 197
IZARD, RALPH. President of the Senate, n. 38, p. 78.

JAY, JOHN. Chief-Justice, n. 197, p. 192.
JACKSON, ANDREW. Views upon nullification, Pref. p. v. n. 144.
President of the United States, n. 166. Vetoes, n. 67.
JACKSON, WILLIAM. Attested the Constitution, pp. 42, 252
JEFFERSON, THOMAS, of Virginia. Signed Dec. of Ind. p. 7; Presi-

dent, n. 166.

JENIFER, DAN: OF ST. THOMAS, of Maryland. Signed the Constitu-
tion, pp. 42, 252.

JEOPARDY. Nor shall any person be subject, for the same offense,
to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb. Amendments.
Jeopardy defined and discussed, n. 255.

JOHNSON, ANDREW. Vice-President, n. 37, p. 77. President,