BANKS, NATHANIEL P. Speaker of the House, n. 26, p. 73.
BARBOUR, JAMES. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 38, p. 79.
BARBOUR, PHILIP P. Speaker of the House of Representatives,
n. 26. One of the supreme judges, n. 197, 193.

BARTLETT, JOSIAH, of N. H. Signed the Dec. of Ind. p. 7; and
Articles of Confederation, p. 21.

BASSETT, RICHARD. Deputy from Delaware. Signed this Constitu-
tion, pp. 42, 252.

BEDFORD, Jr., GUNNING. Deputy from Delaware. Signed this Con stitution, pp. 42, 252.

BELL, JOHN. Speaker of the House, n. 26, p. 73.

BENJAMIN, JUDAH P. Expelled from the Senate, n. 50.

BILL of attainder. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed

(See Attainder, n. 142.) Inflicts legislative punishment without a legal trial, n. 142, pp. 146, 147. The Missouri constitutional test oath is a bill of attainder, Id.

BILL. Civil Rights, n. 6. Constitutional; discussed and explained, n. 274. Tenure of office, n. 184, p. 179.

BILL. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President of the United States; if he approve, he shall sign it, but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all such cases, the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house, respectively.... When bills take effect, n. 66. Veto or negative defined, n. 67. History of the subject, Id.

BILL. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjourn ment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law..

There must be ten entire days, n. 69. BILL. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the United States; and, before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by twothirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill

Joint and concurrent resolution defined, n. 70. BILLS. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives, but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments, as on other bills Copied, n. 64. Revenue defined, n. 65.

BILLS of credit. No State shall emit bills of credit

Defined and discussed, n. 154. Proposed in the clause to borrow money, n. 82. And to coin money, n. 97.

BILLS of credit. Not to be emitted by Congress, under the Con-
federation, without the consent of nine States, Art. IX.
p. 18. What, assumed by the Confederation, Art. XII. p. 19.
BINGHAM, WILLIAM. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 38, p. 78.
BLAIR, JOHN. Deputy from Virginia. Signed this Constitution,
pp. 42, 252.

BLESSINGS of liberty, to ourselves and posterity. Preamble.....
Defined, n. 12.

BLOOD. No attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood or
forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted ..
Corruption of blood defined, n. 217.

BLOUNT, WILLIAM. Deputy from North Carolina. Signed this Con-
stitution, pp. 42, 252. Expelled from the Senate, n. 42.
Tried on impeachment, n. 39. His offense, n. 194. Dis-
missed for want of jurisdiction, n. 194.

BOND given to "fill up a vacancy "does not cover matters after
nominat on and confirmation, n. 186.

BORROW money. Congress shall have power to borrow money on
the credit of the United States..
How it originally read, n. 83.

Authorizes bills of credit,

n. 84. And to issue treasury notes and to make them
legal tenders, n. 84. That subject discussed, Id. The
sums borrowed and owing, n. 72. The treasury notes an
equivalent of coin, n. 84, p. 105. Money defined, n. 98.
(See Money, notes 97-100.)

BOUND. Persons bound to service for a term of years, included in
representative numbers..

See full notes upon, notes 226-228.

BOYD, LYNN. Speaker of the House, n. 26, p. 78.

BRADFORD, WILLIAM. Presiding officer of the Senate, p. 78.
BRADLEY, STEPHEN R. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 38,
p. 79.

BRAXTON, CARTER, of Virginia. Signed the Dec. of Ind. p. 8.
BREACH of the peace. For a breach of the peace, a senator or
representative may be arrested..

For any indictable offense, n. 56.

BREARLEY, DAVID. Deputy from New Jersey. Signed this Consti-

tution, pp. 42, 252.

BRECKINRIDGE, JOHN C. Vice-President, n. 37, p. 78.

BRIBERY. All civil officers shall be removed from office on im-
peachment for, and conviction of, bribery, &c...........
Bribery defined, n. 193.

BRIDGES. A charter for is a contract, n. 154. p. 156. A railroad
bridge is not a bridge within the statutes of 1790, Id.

The power of Congress to build, is not found in the
Constitution. It exists in the States, n. 89. But Congress
may regulate those over navigable waters, n. 89, p. 108.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL. Ten in the army, n. 124. Not less than a

Brigadier to be assigned to command the Districts in the
rebel States. n. 276, p. 282, § 2.

BRIGHT, JESSE D. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 38, p. 81. Ex-
pelled from the Senate, n. 50.

BROOM, JACOB. Deputy from Delaware. Signed this Constitution,
pp. 42, 252.

BROWN, ALBERT G. Expelled from the Senate, n. 50.

BROWN, JOHN. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 33, p. 79.
BUCHANAN, JAMES. President, n. 166.

BUILDINGS. Congress shall have power to exercise exclusive
legislation over needful buildings in places purchased by
the consent of the legislatures of the States

This includes the power of taxation, n. 36. And exclusive
jurisdiction, Id. But the title must be acquired with the
consent of the State, n. 137.

BURR, AARON. Vice-President, n. 37.

BUSINESS. A majority of each house shall constitute a quorum to

do business

BUTLER, PIERCE. Deputy from South Carolina. Signed this Con-
stitution, pp. 42, 252.

CALHOUN, JOHN C. Vice-President, n. 37.
CALIFORNIA. Qualifications of electors, n. 17. Three representa-
tives, by census of 1860, n. 24, p. 68; population of, through
each decade, pp. 69-71. Assigned to ninth judicial cir-
cuit, n. 197. Effect of purchase upon citizenship, n. 220.
Admitted into the Union, n. 230. Ratified the 13th amend-
ment, n. 274; and failure to act on the 14th, n. 275.

CAMPBELL, JOHN A. One of the Judges of the Supreme Court,

n. 197.

CANADA might be admitted into the Union of the Confederation,
Art. of Confederation, xi. p. 19.

CANDIDATES for the Presidency, spirit of the Constitution
changed as to, n. 296.

CAPACITY of measures for liquids, n. 102, p. 118, § 2.

CAPITAL crime. No person shall be held to answer for a capital
or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or
indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the
land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual ser-
vice in time of war or public danger. Amendments....
"Person" excluded slaves. Presentment or indictment
applies to all offenses against the United States. Pre-
sentment, indictment, and grand jury, defined, n. 253.
The exception defined and discussed, n. 254. Twice in
jeopardy defined and discussed, n. 255. Witness against
himself would be contrary to justice, n. 257. "Without
due process of law," fully defined and discussed, n. 257.
Piracy is a capital offense, n. 111. Is in restraint of legis-
lative power, Id. n. 257.

CAPITATION tax. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid,
unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein-
before directed to be taken...

Capitation defined, n. 144. See also n. 22. Direct taxes must be by the rule of apportionment, notes 22, 144. What are direct taxes, Id.

CAPITATION tax. No amendment shall be made prior to 1808 to

letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning
captures on land and water..

affect the preceding clause..

5

CAPTAIN. A rank in the army, n. 124. In the navy, n. 128.
CAPTURES. Congress shall have power to declare war, to grant

40, 246

CAPTURES on land and water under the Confederation, Art. IX. p. 14. See notes 117-121.

CARE. The President shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed...

The reason of this power explained, n. 189.

CARROLL, CHARLES, of Maryland. Signed the Dec. of Ind. p. 7;
and the Articles of Confederation, p. 21.

CARROLL DANIEL. Deputy from Maryland. Signed Articles of
Confederation, p. 21; and this Constitution, pp. 42, 252.
CATHOLIC CHURCH. Reduced from the established church in
Texas, n. 245.

CATRON, JOHN. One of the Associate Justices of the Supreme
Court of the United States, n. 197, p. 193.

CASES to which the judicial power shall extend. (See Judicial
Power.)....

When a case arises, notes 199, 201. Defined, Id. Cases in
equity, n. 200. Affecting ambassadors, 202. In admiralty
(see Admiralty), n. 202. Where the United States is a
party, 204. Between States, 205. Between a State and
citizens of another State 205a. Between citizens of dif-
ferent States, 206. Between land grants of different
States, 207. Between a State and citizens, 208. Between

a State and aliens, or between aliens, &c., 209. The court
has not jurisdiction of every case, 210.

CAUSE. No warrant shall issue but upon probable cause. Amend

ments...

Must be by authority of law, n. 251. Warrant defined,

n. 252.

CENSUS to be taken within three years after first meeting of Congress, and every ten years thereafter, in such manner as they shall by law direct..

Numbers under each, n. 24, pp. 68-71. Ratio each year, n. 21. Number of representatives under, in 1860, n. 24, p. 68. Defined; has reference to numbers. n. 145.

CENSUS. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in

proportion to the census or enumeration hereinbefore
directed to be taken...

CENSUS. No amendment shall be made prior to 1808 to affect the
preceding clause

CENTARE. One square meter, n. 102, p. 117, § 2.
CENTIGRAM. A measure of weight, n. 102, p. 118, § 2.
CENTILITER. A measure of capacity, n. 102, p. 118. § 2.
CENTIMETER. A measure of length, n. 102, p. 117, § 2.

CESSION. On the cession by particular States of a district (not exceeding ten miles square), and the acceptance of Congress, it may become the seat of government of the United States..

The District of Columbia was ceded, n. 136. The inhabitants are citizens, and taxable, notes 136, 137.

CHARGE of treason. A person charged in any State with treason,
&c., who may flee from justice, to be delivered up and
removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime....
"Person" and "flee" defined, n. 223. The executive
cannot go behind the demand, n. 223. He cannot be
coerced by the Supreme Court, Id. The requisites of the
demand, Id. On what evidence shall be delivered up, Id.
CHARTERS. For taking away our, and abolishing our laws. Dec.
of Ind. p. 4.

CHASE, SALMON P. Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court, n. 197.
CHASE, SAMUEL, of Maryland. Signed the Dec. of Ind. p. 7. One
of the Associate Justices, n. 197, p. 193. Impeached; oath
on trial of, n. 39. History of his trial, n. 194, p. 188.
CHEVES, LANGDON. Speaker of House of Representatives, n. 26,
p. 73.
CHIEF-JUSTICE shall preside when the President of the United
States is tried on an impeachment by the Senate, the.....
(See n. 39.)

CHIEF-JUSTICES. List and ages of, of the Supreme Court, n. 197.
CHOOSING senators defined, n. 41.

CHOSEN. (See Elected, &c., n. 168.) Amendments.
CHURCH. Congress shall inake no law respecting the establishment
of religion. Amendment

This cut down any established church, n. 245.

CHUSE. (See Elect, notes 41. 168.)

CIRCUITS of the United States Courts defined and judges allotted, n. 197, pp. 191, 192.

CITIZEN of United States. No person shall be a senator in Congress who has not been nine years a citizen of the United States

Shields rejected for want of nine years' naturalization, n. 35. (See n. 46.)

CITIZEN. If not in military service, guarantied the right of trial by jury, n. 260.

CITIZEN. No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of the Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President.... Not made by law, natural members of the body politic, n. 169. The Constitution does not make the citizens-it is made by them, n. 169. Or a citizen of the United States discussed and defined, n. 170. Citizen defined, n. 274. Citizen made by naturalization, n. 93.

CITIZENS. The judicial power shall extend to controversies between a State and citizens of another State; between citizens of different States; between citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States; and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or subjects

(See n. 274.) A citizen cannot sue a State, n. 205a. They must be citizens of the United States, n. 206. The situation rather than character gives the jurisdiction, Id. Does not embrace citizens of Territories and District of Columbia, It is enough that the grants were made by different States, Id. The jurisdiction depends upon the character

of the real parties, n. 208. Indian tribes not a State, Id.
The annexation of Texas made citizens of all, n. 209.

CITIZENS. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privi-
leges and immunities of citizens in the several States....
This is copied from the fourth Article of the Confedera-
tion, p. 10. There is no authoritative definition of citizen,
notes 220, 274. Those who became such by the Revolution,
n. 220. § (n 274, p. 273,) 1; the descendants of such, Id.
$2; of Louisiana Territory, Id. § 3; of Florida, Id. § 4;
of Texas Id. § 5; of California, Id. § 6; of Arizona, Id.
§7; naturalized by special acts, Id. § 8; the late slaves,
Id. § 9, n. 274; the naturalized, Id. § 10; certain Indians,
Id. § 11; corporations, Id. § 12; natural born and natural-
ized, Id. § 12, and n. 74. Privileges and immunities de-
fined, n. 221. The power of the States over the sub-
ject, Id.
The rights are fundamental, Id. p. 226.
The question of those of African descent discussed, n.
221, pp. 227, 228, and n. 274. The object of the guaranty, n.
222. The citizen does not carry the law of his State into
another State, n. 222.

CITIZENS. The judicial power of the United States shall not be
construed to extend to any suit in law or equity com-
menced or prosecuted against one of the United States by
citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any
foreign State. Amendments

The reason of this amendment, n. 270. Its effect was to dismiss all pending suits, Id. CITIZENS. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Amendments..

Defined, n. 274. When the right to vote at any election, &c., is denied to any of the. (See Representatives.) Amendments...

CITIZENS. Used synonymously with "people," n. 6, p. 54. Negroes
not included, Id. p. 55; but, they are by the Civil Rights
Bill, notes 6, 274. None but, allowed to vote in the Confeder-
ate States, n. 16, p. 59. To be, a necessary qualification in
Inany States of the Union, n. 16, pp. 59-64. The eleven
different classifications of, n. 220.

CITIZENS. Commerce with foreign nations means commerce be-
tween our citizens and foreign citizens, n. 87.
CITIZENSHIP does not give the right to vote, nor the want of it
invalidate it; does not depend upon the legal capacity to
hold office; political rights in contradistinction to poli-
tical powers, n. 18. A necessary qualification for a repre-
sentative, n. 19. Senator, n. 35, President, n. 169. By
naturalization; extent of, notes 93, 274. The effect of
emancipation and the Civil Rights Bill upon, n. 274.

CIVIL office. (See Office.)

CIVIL officers. All civil officers of the United States shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors

Who are civil officers; strictly confined to offices of the United States-not members of Congress, n. 191. Treason and bribery defined, n. 192. High crimes and misdemeanors defined, notes 193, 194. The impeachments discussed, n. 194. For what it may and may not be had. Impeachment of the President, n. 194. See Tenure of Office, n. 184. CLAIM. Fugitive slaves shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom they belong, &c....

(See Fugitives and Slaves.)