...ronmenta I deterioration but also aggravate poverty and i mbalances, and, in that context, reiterates that national authorities should endeavour to promote the...the use of economic instruments, taking into account that the polluter should, in principle, bear the costs of pollution; 8. Notes the work done so far...

...Sustainable Development », in Saunders 1990 at 378. 313. Agenda 21, Chapter 8 at 12. The principle that « national authorities should endeavour to promote the...environmental costs and the use of economic instruments » is also found in Principle 16 of the 1992 Rio Declaration. 314. See Kramer 1991. Conclusion This...

...of the precautionary approach in accordance with their capabilities (Principle 15) and promotion of the internalization of environmental costs and the use of economic instruments, taking account of the polluter-pays principle, with due regard to the public interest and without distorting...

...other environmental damage (Article 13). (d) "Polluter pays" principle: national authorities should promote the internalization of environmental costs and the use of economic instruments, reflecting the principle that the polluter should bear the cost of pollution, with due regard to the...

...this position is, however, highly unclear. Principle 16 of the Rio Declaration states for example that 'National authorities should endeavour to promote...environmental costs and the use of economic instruments . . . without distorting international trade and investment.' (see Appendix 2 for the full quotation.)...

...precautionary principle - is embodied in the Rio Declaration which states that national authorities, in their endeavour to promote the internalization of environmental costs and the use of economic instruments, take "into account the approach that the polluter should, in principle, bear the cost of pollution"33...

..."National authorities should endeavour to promote the intenulization of environmental costs and the me of economic instruments, taking into account the approach that the polluter should, in principle, bear the colt of pollution, with due regard to the public interest and without distorting international trade...

...Environment and Development, Principle 16 calls for national authorities 'to promote the internalisation of environmental costs and the use of economic instruments,...polluter should, in principle, bear the cost of pollution . . . ' Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, UN Conference on Environment and Development,...

...efficient manner harmful environmental impacts'; 'shall strive to take precautionary measures'; 'agree that the polluter should, in principle, bear the cost...pollution (...) with due regard to the public interest'; 'take into account environmental considerations', 'encourage cooperation (...)' 'promote market-oriented...

...Declaration, although in rather weak language. Principle 16 states (emphasis added): "National authorites should endeavour to promote the internalization of...interest and without distorting international trade and development." Although gaining worldwide acceptance, the principle does not deal with liability. The...