United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on

Small Business.

FOOD ADDITIVES: COMPETITIVE,
REGULATORY, AND SAFETY PROBLEMS

HEARINGS

BEFORE THE

SELECT COMMITTEE ON SMALL BUSINESS
UNITED STATES SENATE

NINETY-FIFTH CONGRESS

FIRST SESSION

ON

FOOD ADDITIVES: COMPETITIVE, REGULATORY,
AND SAFETY PROBLEMS

PART 1

JANUARY 13 AND 14, 1977

Printed for the use of the Select Committee on Small Business

95-866 O

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1977

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20402

CONTENTS

OPENING STATEMENT

Nelson, Hon. Gaylord, a U.S. Senator from the State of Wisconsin, and Page

Chairman, Senate Small Business Committee_--

1

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF WITNESSES

THURSDAY, JANUARY 13, 1977

Ahart, Gregory J., Director, Human Resources Division, U.S. General Ac-

counting Office, accompanied by Albert B. Jojokian, GAO; and Stuart

Fleishman, GAO---

Gardner, Sherwin, Acting Commissioner, Food and Drug Administration,

Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare, accompanied by Dr. Howard R. Roberts, Acting Director,

Bureau of Foods, FDA; Richard A. Merrill, Chief Counsel, FDA; Mr.

Ronk, Bureau of Foods, FDA; and Dr. Blumenthal, Director, Division

of Toxicology, FDA__

Wolfe, Sidney, M.D., Public Citizen's Health Research Group----

EXHIBITS

Letter dated March 1, 1977, to Sherwin Gardner, Acting Commissioner,

Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health, Education,

and Welfare, from Senator Gaylord Nelson, Chairman, Senate Small

Business Committee_-_-

Letter dated May 6, 1977, to Senator Gaylord Nelson, Chairman, Senate

Small Business Committee, from Sherwin Gardner, Acting Commis-

sioner, Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health,

Education, and Welfare_.

Letter dated January 31, 1977, to Judy Robinson, professional staff mem-

ber, Subcommittee on Migratory Labor, Committee on Labor and Public

Welfare, from Robert C. Wetherell, Jr., Director, Office of Legislative

Services, Food and Drug Administration___.

Letter dated February 21, 1977, to Senator Gaylord Nelson, Chairman,

Senate Small Business Committee, from Robert M. Heywood, M.D.,

Allergy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Marshfield Clinic__.

Letter dated January 17, 1977, to Senator Gaylord Nelson, Chairman,

Senate Small Business Committee, from Del Harding. Director of Public

Relations, National Jewish Hospital and Research Center----

Summaries of GAO Studies:

3

36

441

134

137

417

424

425

"Need to Establish the Safety of Color Additive FD&C Red No. 2,"

report of the Comptroller General of the United States, October 20,

1975

427

"Regulation of Food Additive Aspartame," report of the Comptroller

General of the United States, April 8, 1976.

432

435

"Need to Resolve Safety Questions on Saccharin," report of the Comp-

troller General of the United States. August 16, 1976__.

Article, "Toxicological Methods and Trends in Toxicological Research,'

by Leo Friedman. Director, Division of Toxicology, from FDA Bylines

No. 4. January 1974.

Letter dated January 11, 1977. to the Acting Commissioner, Food and Drug

Administration, from Anita Johnson, Esq., and Sidney Wolfe, M.D.,

Public Citizen's Health Research Group___

(III)

455

463