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TABLE 3.-Employees working in State and local public assistance programs on educational leave during fiscal years 1958-61, by year and leave status-Continued

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1 Partly estimated.

2 Not available.

Exclusive of salary.

(B)

(ACD)

31

73770

040000

032370

9

26, 470 8, 600 6, 960

0

41, 666

0

16, 963

001000

0

0

9,060

15, 435

16, 828

34, 550

0

Source: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Social Security Administra tion, Bureau of Family Services, Jan. 30, 1962.

Mr. CURTIS. Yes. We are interested in rates, too. I mean, for instance, graduation rates. May I make a suggestion? Probably there ought to be one category of those who are graduate school welfare workers. What degree is it they give, Dr. Cohen? What is the graduate degree you get in welfare work?

Secretary RIBICOFF. Master of social work.

Mr. CURTIS. Master of social work. But you are saying here that only a fraction completed the requisite 2 years in a school of social work. That would not require a college degree?

Secretary RIBICOFF. Yes, it would.

Mr. CURTIS. That would?

Secretary RIBICOFF. Yes, it would.

Mr. CURTIS. You are talking there about that?

Secretary RIBICOFF. Yes. These figures may be of interest. The total of all employees in 1960 was 34,539; in graduate social work study it was 6,218. I will place this table in the record.

(The table referred to above follows:)

TABLE 1.-Study in graduate school of social work of employees working primarily on public assistance, 1960 and 1950

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1 Data include a few employees who did not report whether or not they had had graduate social work study.

Source: "1960 Survey of Salaries and Working Conditions of Social Welfare Manpower," DHEW, SSA, Bureau of Public Assistance, Children's Bureau, 1961.

TRAINING OF PUBLIC CHILD WELFARE PERSONNEL-STUDY IN GRADUATE SCHOOLS OF SOCIAL WORK

All employees working primarily on public child welfare programs, 1960 and 1950

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1 Includes a few employees who did not report whether or not they had had graduate social work study Caseworkers working primarily on public child welfare programs, 1960 and 1950

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Source: "1960 Survey of Salaries and Working Conditions of Social Welfare Manpower." DHEW SSA Bureau of Public Assistance, Children's Bureau, 1961.

Mr. CURTIS. I wonder if someone could give an evaluation for the record of the relationship of your trained people in this field where you have your graduate degree work and then how they work through the trained people who maybe have not had that much work. Like the doctor to the specialist, to the general practitioner, to the nurse, to the technician, and so on, so that we can see what our problem is and a little more breakdown of the needs of professional and trained people in this area.

I think you are hitting at what I regard as one of the real crucial points in this whole field. We could bring out all the money in the world and if we do not have the trained personnel we are going to be wasting a great deal of it.

I am most interested in seeing what we are doing. The other thing, which relates to it, is what are we doing now in some of our Federal educational assistance programs toward putting money into the training of these people? I know some of our programs now must be doing something.

Secretary RIBICOFF. Just to give you some figures, of the sum total of all the welfare workers, of the 34,539, 18 percent have had graduate social work study of one sort or another; 42 percent have had 2 years or more; 1 year, less than 2, 4.3 percent; less than 1 year, 9.2 percent; no graduate social work at all, 82 percent.

Mr. CURTIS. I guess we have a lot of sort of on-the-job trained people, have we not? Is there anyway you can evaluate their competence? Secretary RIBICOFF. You might be interested, Mr. Curtis, to know that in one of the administrative rulings the Department is requiring that each State welfare department set up within its own department a training program of an inservice training where they even start training their own, and that is seven.

I think you and I are in agreement. You might be interested in this administrative ruling:

The central core of proper and efficient administration is personnel-adequate in number and appropriately trained to do the job required. With the changing characteristics of the public assistance caseload, and the need to emphasize more and more the preventive and rehabilitative aspects of public welfare, the existence in each State of an adequate staff development program is imperative. Each State should have a statewide staff development plan which would include both inservice training and opportunities for professional and technical education.

In other words, we are asking the States to start a 5-year plan and to have at least one full-time training position in each State agency by July 1, 1962. You are not going to be able, Mr. Curtis, to suddenly get so many people.

However, you do have people and there is much that could be done by bringing in a full-time training person. There might be lecturers you might bring in from each State university or school of social service, give time off to some of these employees that take extra courses, give them summers off, have periods of lectures and inservice training, and that is what we are requiring to be done internally by each State doing some of its own training to make sure it has effective personnel.

Mr. CURTIS. There is one other area I know our committee will go into at least I hope it will-in considerable depth. There is one other general area in the Federal educational program now, and of course we are not talking about the professionals, but the technician, and we do need technicians in this field to assist the professionals, do we not?

Secretary RIBICOFF. Yes.

Mr. CURTIS. Has our Federal vocational education program geared itself in any way toward possibly assisting this manpower shortage? Secretary RIBICOFF. No; it has not in the past, and I recognize the deficiency in this field, too, Mr. Curtis, and I have appointed a committee which represents all groups in this field and which is undertaking a complete restudy of the whole vocational educational program in this country to come up with recommendations for next year in a realistic approach to what has to be done.

Mr. CURTIS. I am most pleased to hear it. Incidentally, to relate it, I was very happy to sponsor and introduce a bill, along with others, which is now law, to extend vocational education to practical nursing. I think we have two problems we meet. One of our great areas of unemployment is women who come into the labor market at 45 or 50 who have had real practical experience in this kind of thing and possibly with good adult vocational education they could become excellent technicians. So we would be hitting the very labor market we need to do something with and also get people that would be well suited to move into this kind of work.

I have two other questions and one will just be a breakdown for the record. However, on page 15 you go into the question of residence requirements, and I was under the impression our States had pretty generally gotten together on reciprocity agreements.

How many States do we have that do not have reciprocity agreements in regard to residence?

Secretary RIBICOFF. We do not have the figures of how many have reciprocity agreements, but we can supply that to you, Mr. Curtis. (The following information was supplied to the committee:)

INFORMATION ON RECIPROCAL AGREEMENTS IN PUBLIC ASSISTANCE

The Bureau of Family Services has summarized the latest available information on the subject of reciprocal agreements among the States in dealing with the problems of State residence requirements. Eighteen States have the authority under their law to make reciprocal agreements, of which 12 are located in the northeastern part of the United States. In half of these States, the authority to make agreements covers all four of the assistance programs (old-age assistance, aid to dependent children, aid to the blind, and aid to the permanently and totally disabled). In contrast, in two States, the authority covers but one of the State's four programs; and in four States, it covered only two programs. States with authority to make agreements are predominately States that have low residence requirements.

No State has authority to enter into reciprocal agreements with all States; such agreements are made usually with a few nearby States. The following limited information about the use of authority to make reciprocal agreements is available:

New Hampshire has agreements with seven States.

Rhode Island has agreements with six States.

Connecticut and Maine each have agreements with five States.

West Virginia has agreements with three States.

Vermont has agreements with two States.

Pennsylvania had agreements (in 1958) with 18 States.

COMPILATIONS BASED ON CHARACTERISTICS OF STATE PUBLIC ASSISTANCE PLANS IN EFFECT NOVEMBER 1, 1959, WITH REVISIONS THROUGH DECEMBER 1961

Residence as an eligibility factor in old-age assistance

Federal requirement: The State plan may not include any residence requirement more restrictive than the maximum in the act for old-age asssitance-5 years in the last 9 years and 1 year immediately preceding application.

No durational requirement on residence (seven States):

Connecticut

Guam
Hawaii

New York
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island

Virgin Islands

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