of qualified students to obtain funds to finance their education and the heretofore purely residential nature of the University College. With respect to the first of these, about 50 percent of the student body are "grant-aided," i.e., are scholarship holders. (This is in contrast to colleges in British West Africa where all or practically all of the students receive financial assistance.) Various University College, territorial Government, and privately endowed and commercial scholarships are available for students attending the College, but in UCWI circles there is general recognition that there should be a substantial increase in the number of scholarships and grants.10 In this connection the Ford Foundation in November 1959 announced a grant of $100,000 to the UCWI for "exhibitions," i.e., examinations for additional scholarships. Candidates from the Leeward and Windward Islands and British Honduras were to be given first consideration, but awards from this grant might also go to candidates from other British Caribbean territories.11

With respect to the long existing residential requirement, it was originally instituted in the hope that a completely residential institution would bring about close contact among all students and make for a general West Indian outlook. With residence quarters for only 600 students in 1959, a severe limitation was imposed upon the expansion of enrollment if the residential requirement were adhered to. Consequently, beginning with the fall term of 1959, this requirement was rescinded for those who have completed 2 years' residence. Henceforth they are required to live off the College premises unless permission is given to remain in the College residential quarters. It is anticipated that in line with the overall expansion in enrollment anticipated by 1964 the residential requirement may have to be modified still further even though the building expansion program calls for residence halls for an additional 1,000 students.

Relationship to University of London

Another aspect of the University College's development is its relationship with its "foster mother," the University of London, and its hope of qualifying for full independence as a University in its own right by 1963. Some discussion of the history and nature of the existing relationship is in order at this point. The University College of the West Indies was one of several institutions of higher learning established in British overseas territories as a result of the recommendations of the so-called Asquith Commission appointed in 1943 by the British Secretary of State for the Colonies to inquire into Higher Education in the Colonies. The Irvine Committee, already mentioned, was the sub-group of the Asquith Com

10 UCWI Newsletter, No 294, July 27, 1959.

11 UCWI Newsletter, No. 312, No. 30, 1959.

mission which concentrated its investigations and recommendations on the British Caribbean. The Asquith Commission recommended that all institutions which might be developed in colonial territories should, during their formative years, be affiliated Colleges of the University of London, before achieving independent university status of their own.

University College of the West Indies

Admission of Undergraduates in October 1959

1. Applications are invited for admission to the University College of the West Indies in October 1959.

2. A number of Open Scholarships, Government Exhibitions and other awards will be offered in 1959, as a result of the University College Scholarship Examination which will be held in each territory from 24th February to 28th February. The Entry fee to the Scholarship Examination is £1.0.0. Some candidates for entrance only may also be asked to write some papers in the Scholarship Examination.

3. Candidates may qualify for normal minimum entrance requirements with A. Passes in five subjects at the G.C.E. of which at least two must be passed at Advanced Level.

OR

B. Passes in four subjects at the G.C.E. of which at least three must be passed at Advanced Level.

Normally a credit at the Cambridge School Certificate is equivalent to an Ordinary Level pass G.C.E. and a pass at Principal Standard H.S.C. is equivalent to a pass at Advanced Level G.C.E.

4. Candidates with five passes at Credit Standard of five 'O' Level subjects G.C.E. including English Language, Mathematics and a foreign language may be considered for entry to the Faculty of Medicine or to the Preliminary Course in Science.

5. Students wishing to read for an Arts Degree should have included in their qualification either English and at least one foreign language at the Ordinary or Advanced G.C.E. Level, or two foreign languages including Latin or Greek. 6. Further details about entry requirements. Faculty requirements, scholarships available and an outline of courses, may be found in the appropriate pamphlets, which is available from the Registrar, U.C.W.I., or from the Resident Tutor, Extra-Mural Studies or the Education Officer in the territories. 7. The closing date for applications is January 31, 1959.

8. Please note that in the Scholarship Examination 1959 each candidate will be required to write a General Paper and any two of the following subjects irrespective of the faculty for which he is applying:

provided however that (1) Biology is not taken with Botany or Zoology; (2) Pure & Applied Mathematics is not taken with Pure Mathematics or Applied Mathematics.

[Reprinted from Kingston, Jamaica Daily Gleaner, Nov. 22, 1958, p. 17.]

As a result of this recommendation, the University College of the West Indies was accepted by the University of London into a special relationship.12 Admission requirements for the UCWI may be either those of the University of London or a special scheme operating between the two institutions.13 In 1959 these were as indicated in the UCWI announcement reproduced from the Kingston Daily Gleaner of November 22, 1958. (See page 87) (See page 87) Under the relationship between the two institutions, the University College may propose and obtain approval for degree programs and syllabuses for the examinations for degrees. These syllabuses in each affiliated College "are adjusted to the geographical, linguistic and educational conditions of the territory, but represent no relaxation in the standards of the University." 14 The two institutions collaborate in the examination process, with London representatives responsible for the final form of the papers and determination of the results for each candidate. Degrees granted are those of the University of London and the standard of performance required of candidates from the UCWI is equal to that demanded from London University students generally.

It was the full intention of the Asquith Commission that the relationship with the University of London would serve a transitional purpose and that the overseas Colleges operating under it would attain full University status as quickly as possible. It was thought that to this end the arrangements for consultation and collaboration between the staffs of the University and the respective Colleges would enable the latter to acquire the necessary experience, understanding, and sense of responsibility. One of these colleges has been transformed into the University of Khartoum, in the Sudan, and grants its own degrees.

Insofar as the University College of the West Indies is concerned, full independence remains the goal, with the target date of 1963 reflecting the same desire for West Indian self-expression that originally set the same date for the attainment of full Commonwealth status for the Federation. The new Principal of the University College has observed that to qualify for independence the number and quality of academic programs must be strengthened. In addition to the projected additions to instructional programs already mentioned, he has stated that considerable expansion is planned for the Faculty of Medicine and that "the College must be able to do the full range of honours work and post graduate work in Arts and

13 See the section, "Schemes of Special Relation with University Colleges Overseas," in the discussion of the University of London in the Commonwealth Universities Yearbook, 1959, p. 846.

13 Ibid., p. 1148.

14 Ibid., p. 846.

Science." To this end he has noted that the teaching staff must be much more highly specialized than it has been, which means a larger staff, and that it is the plan to have a staff of more than 200 by the end of 1960.15

A further trend in this connection is the anticipated gradual increase in the percentage of West Indians on the staff of the University College as the numbers of adequately trained specialists from the area increase. In 1959, approximately 50 percent of the teaching staff were British, 30 percent West Indian, and the remaining 20 percent from a wide range of other regions. With the appointment of a West Indian as Principal of the University College in 1959, the two top positions in the College were held by West Indians for the first time. Thus, this trend is looked on by some West Indians as further evidence of a movement leading eventually to full assertion of the West Indian character of the University.

Financing the University College

The financing of the proposed expansion of the University College's programs of study involves efforts to increase drastically funds for both recurring and capital expenditures. The original method of financing agreed on by the mother country and the Governments of the territories served by the College at the time of its origin was that the capital expenditures would be met by a direct grant from Colonial Development and Welfare Funds (CD&W), and the recurring or operating expenditures would be financed by contributions from the territorial Governments on a pro-rata population. basis. These territorial contributions might include funds received by the territories from their individual CD&W allocations, so that CD&W funds going into the UCWI were actually greater than the special direct capital grant. The site of the College was provided by the Government of Jamaica at a nominal rent.

The original CD&W capital grant to meet the aforementioned first phase of building construction was £1,500,000. Colonial Development and Welfare also contributed additional funds toward the major part of the cost of construction and equipping the Teaching Hospital connected with the University College. Some of the hospital construction expense was borne by the Jamaican Government from its own CD&W allocations, since it was the territory benefitting most from the hospital services thus provided. The capital cost of the total plant as it existed early in 1959 was approximately £2,446,000 (U.S. $6,848,000). The pro-rata schedule of contributions for recurring expenditures in effect just prior to the

15 UCWI Newsletter, No. 311, Nov. 23, 1959.

birth of the Federation was as follows: Jamaica, 45.4 percent; Trinidad, 20.2 percent; British Guiana, 13.4 percent; Windward Islands, 8.7 percent; Barbados, 6.7 percent; Leeward Islands, 3.4 percent; and British Honduras, 2.2 percent. Total income for the year 195758 was £520,416, of which 90.4 percent came from the territorial Governments, 6.24 percent from special grants, and 3.33 percent from fees.1 16

With the establishment of the West Indies Federation, official responsibility for the UCWI, insofar as the territories making up the Federation are concerned, was transferred to the Federal Government. The Constitution of the West Indies, as noted, puts the UCWI on the so-called Exclusive Legislative List. Accordingly, it was anticipated that arrangements would be made for the recurring expenditures of the UCWI to be met by an allocation of funds from the Federal Government in addition to the continuation of grants from British Guiana and British Honduras, the two non-Federation members. Included in these allocations would be amounts to cover the teaching function of the Hospital, with the rest of the recurrent costs of operating the Hospital borne by the Government of Jamaica.

In 1959, the financing of the planned expansion of the University College involved efforts to obtain increased funds from the British Caribbean territorial governments, the Government of the United Kingdom, the United Nations, and private Foundations, concerns, and individuals. The new Principal of the University College indicated late in 1959 that additional operating costs stemming from the proposed expansion would amount to an extra BWI $2,000,000 a year (about U.S. $1,176,000), and that the capital cost of adding new teaching buildings, an Engineering Faculty, halls of residence, and staff housing accommodations would be 10 times that figure.17 Intensive efforts were being made to obtain agreement from the British Caribbean territorial Governments to increase their total contributions for recurring expenditures by BWI $6,000,000 for the 3-year period 1960-63, and the Governments of Jamaica, Trinidad, Barbados, Montserrat, and other territories had agreed to make substantial increases for this purpose. It was anticipated that other territorial Governments would do likewise.

Along with and on the basis of actual and anticipated support from the local Governments in meeting the additional recurring expenditures of the proposed expansion, the much larger amounts needed for capital expenditures were being solicited from other sources in 1959. Approximately BWI $5,000,000 had been offered

16 Commonwealth Universities Yearbook, 1959, p. 1148. 17 UCWI Newsletter, No. 311, Nov. 23, 1959.