problems connected with the actual operation of farms. To this end, the Institute maintains a demonstration farm, which consisted of about 150 acres in 1958-59, with plans to increase its size. Financially, the farm is maintained as a business undertaking separate from the Institute, and is expected to be self-sustaining. Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture The Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture located at St. Augustine, Trinidad, near Port-of-Spain, is the British Caribbean's institution of higher education in agriculture. It dates back to 1921, when on the recommendation of a Committee appointed in 1919 by the British Secretary of State for the Colonies, it was founded as the West Indian Agricultural College to conduct research and provide instruction in tropical agriculture. Formal instruction began in 1922. In 1924 it received its present name, and in 1926 it was incorporated by Royal Charter. A principal development for the future of the Imperial College is its scheduled conversion into the Agricultural Faculty, or School, of the University College of the West Indies in the autumn of 1960, and the anticipated initiation of programs for regular university degrees in agriculture. The development is discussed in more detail in the following chapter on the University College. The Imperial College was intended from the outset to serve as an institution for education and training in tropical agriculture for the British Commonwealth as a whole. In view of this purpose, administration and finance have been on an overall Commonwealthwide basis. The headquarters of its Governing Board have been at London, and funds for its capital costs and recurrent expenditures have been contributed by the various Commonwealth Governments, including those of the West Indies territories and the United Kingdom. Other funds have come from Colonial Development and Welfare grants, resources of the College's own experimental farm, private contributions, tuition fees, and other sources. The College has had two principal but distinct functions-formal instruction and directed research. The line between them has been rather sharply drawn insofar as the responsibilities of staff members are concerned. A staff member has belonged to either the teaching or the research staff and has not normally engaged in the other function at the College unless formally transferred to it. Instruction is divided into undergraduate and graduate levels. the undergraduate level emphasis is on Caribbean agriculture, and instruction is intended primarily for West Indian students. A large portion of these come with scholarships granted by British West Indian Governments and subsequently serve in the territorial Departments of Agriculture. Undergraduates from other areas may be At admitted if there are vacancies unfilled by West Indians. There have been two undergraduate Diploma courses of 3 years in length, one leading to a Diploma in Agriculture and the other to a Diploma in Sugar Technology. The admission requirement to the undergraduate programs has been a good grade School Certificate, or a comparable General Certificate of Education at Ordinary Level, or the equivalent, with those preferred who do well in science and mathematics subjects. A student who has met the entrance requirements at any university in the British Commonwealth may also be accepted. At the graduate level the Imperial College has been the recognized Commonwealth center for required training in tropical agriculture and the agricultural sciences. At this level instruction has been intended primarily for officers destined to serve in the Agricultural government services of the various tropical Commonwealth territories. The College has offered three regular graduate level programs, the most significant in numbers enrolled in recent years being the 1-year Special Diploma course in Tropical Agriculture. The other programs have been 2-year courses leading to the Associateship in Agriculture or the Associateship in Sugar Technology. Graduate students are normally required to have completed appropriate undergraduate programs and to have received their undergraduate degrees, or as an alternative for entrance to either of the Associateship programs, they may present the Imperial College's undergraduate diploma. For admission to the Diploma courses in tropical agriculture, they must also normally have had at least 1 year of graduate level training. Graduate students have usually received their country assignments, or "postings," prior to entering the Imperial College. As a result of the College's being the only recognized center in the Commonwealth for graduate training in tropical agriculture and related sciences, most of the senior staff of Departments of Agriculture of Commonwealth tropical countries have received their graduate training at the College. In the past several years the total number of students at the Imperial College has reached its highest level. The following figures show the enrollment for the indicated years: The 43 undergraduate students in 1958-59 included 37 studying for the Diploma in Agriculture, divided 14, 14, and 9 into 1st, 2d, and 3d year students, respectively. The 6 remaining undergraduates were all in the first year of the 3-year course for the Diploma in Sugar Technology, the course being offered only once every 3 years subject to there being a sufficient number of candidates. Of the 43 undergraduates, 38 were from the British Caribbean territories, divided as follows: 15 from Trinidad, 6 from British Guiana, 5 from Barbados, 7 from the various Windward Islands, 3 from the Leeward Islands, and 1 each from British Honduras and Jamaica. The remaining 5 undergraduates were distributed 1 each from Kenya, Aden, the Fiji Islands, and the nearby non-British Caribbean areas of Martinique and Surinam. It is perhaps normal to expect a greater number of undergraduates from Trinidad, than any other territory. Presumably the almost complete absence of students from Jamaica is accounted for by the existence of the Jamaica School of Agriculture and the feeling in Jamaica that there is not sufficient difference in level and quality of offerings at the Imperial College to justify the expense of sending students to Trinidad. Of the 57 graduate students enrolled at the beginning of the year 1958-59, 46 were studying for the Diploma in Tropical Agriculture, and the remaining 11 in the other graduate programs, including 1 in Sugar Technology. About half the total had previously studied at the University of Cambridge in England, which has been a principal center for prior agricultural education of Colonial Office "probationers" planning to proceed to tropical posts. One graduate student in 1958-59 was from Portugal. Three had been educated in an institution in the United States, one of these being "posted" for Ghana, another having recently served in the U.S. Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands, and the third apparently being an ICA official taking a special course before proceeding to Vietnam. Most of the total of 57 were "posted" for service in British African territories and others for the Pacific Islands and Asian territories. There were only two graduate students indicated as destined for the British Caribbean area, both of them for British Guiana, and three other graduate students who were West Indian undergraduate diploma holders of the Imperial College. This is a reflection of the fact that there has been more interest in official circles in the Caribbean Territories at this stage in training undergraduates than graduates in this field. The contributions of the members of the West Indies Federation, which are now made through the Federal Government, are intended primarily for the maintenance of the undergraduate Diploma courses. The directed research function of the Imperial College is considered to be of equal significance for Caribbean and tropical agriculture with the teaching programs. While research activities have been carried on at the College practically from its inception, its research potential was greatly extended in 1946-47 by the establishment of four so-called research schemes for cacao, bananas, soils, and sugar chemistry. In 1955 the administration of the first three of these projects was incorporated into a Regional Research Center. Separately organized and administered under the College is the British West Indies Sugar Research Scheme. Facilities for research and experimentation, as well as for teaching and demonstration, are provided through experimental plots, research and demonstration farms, and other means. In addition to such facilities forming part of the College grounds, the College operates a 300-acre mixed crop and livestock farm 3 miles distant, as well as a 420-acre estate about 20 miles away, where large-scale cacao experimental tracts have been laid out. Also forming part of the College facilities is an experimental sugar factory used both in sugar technology research and in instruction of students. CHAPTER VII The University College of the West Indies T IS in higher education that the most spectacular educational advance has been made in the British Caribbean since World War II. This is due to the founding and development of the Universtiy College of the West Indies located at Mona, near Kingston, Jamaica. The Role of Codrington College Prior to 1948 the only facilities for higher learning in the British Caribbean, aside from those for agricultural education at the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, were at Codrington College in Barbados. It offered programs in the classics and theology for a small number of students. Dating back to the will of Sir Christopher Codrington, who died in 1710 and wished to found an institution of theological training for the Anglican clergy in the West Indies, Codrington College had passed through various vicissitudes and achieved recognized status as an institution of higher learning when it was affiliated to the University of Durham in 1875. Under this affiliation classics were added to the theological base of the institution, and the University of Durham bestowed its degrees on students completing university level work in these fields at Codrington. Since 1841 more than half the clergy in the West Indian Province of the Anglican Church have been trained there. Numerous British West Indian schoolmasters and lawyers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries also attended Codrington. In 1946 the role of Codrington College as a training center for the Anglican Church was given official recognition when it was designated as the Provincial Theological College of the Anglican Province of the West Indies. In 1955 the Anglican Order of the Community of the Resurrection assumed direction of the College, and it again became almost exclusively an institution for theological training. From 1953-54, when there were 12 university level students at Codrington studying for University of Durham degrees, the number declined to 3 in 1957 and 1 in 1958. In the latter year the College had 5 faculty members and a total student enrollment of 32. Thus, simultaneously with the founding and growth of the University |