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Notwithstanding, and in spite of what can be formidable undertakings, many standard methods, specifications, and practices were listed as needed and advice was given:

(a) Several requests for:

- Simple methods to replace expensive engine oil sequence tests.

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Standards for recycled fuel oils; little control over burning of untreated waste oil.

Quality determination of waste feedstock; additional tests besides BS&W
[bottom settlings and water] and light distillates.

Dealing with recycled hydraulic and industrial oils rather than complex
engine oils.

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- Standard methods for testing and classifying waste oils and recycled basestocks.

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- Methods for rust inhibition, oxidation resistance, demulsibility, extreme pressure (EP) and antiwear properties, etc. Many existing procedures should be applicable.

Metallic contamination tests.

Showing equivalency if recycled formulated oil is to be interchangeable
with virgin-based oil.

(b) Fewer requests for:

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Modified grease tests for grease containing recycled oil.

Lower standards for residual or heavy fuel oil (No. 6) from waste products.

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Less time-consuming oxidation test for hydraulic oils.

Standard specification for recycled aircraft turbine engine oil.

Methods for trace chemicals and hazardous materials in recycled oils.

- Empirical screening test for contaminants.

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- Methods for assessing activity of inhibitor package (life expectancy) in lubes.

- Tests for cleanness, quality, and API gravity.

- Peroxide level of hydraulic oil, oxidation level of machining and hydraulic oils, organic additive level, contamination level, and flash point of all oils.

- Easily conducted physical evaluations for viscosity, distillation, residual additive content, and rust and corrosion.

- Data on filtration, blend ratios, and operational procedures when using used engine lube oil as a diesel engine fuel.

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Information on the collection and storage of waste products prior to recycling.

Method for disseminating the processes used for recycling.

Methods for viscosity, distillation, rust and corrosion, metals, and emulsification.

Quick test for evaluating "street drainings."

- Accurate and reproducible test to predict coking tendencies of re-refinery feedstocks.

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Methods for BS&W, sediment, metals, bromine number, etc., to characterize spent and re-refined lube oil.

- Tests for lubricity, plate out, burn off, cleanability, sludge.

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- Estimating heating value of derived fuel oils.

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Methods of classification for recycled lube base stocks by molecular type or physical properties.

Methods to characterize and determine quality of waste oil as fuel or fuel blending component.

Developing processes for re-refining all types of used lubricating oils.

· Statement on handling or treatment of waste oil prior to viscosity test.

Ash analysis procedures for waste oils.

- Consistency of batch quality of recycled oils.

- Standardization of any after-marker automotive fluid.

- Defining criteria for acceptable recycled base oils by conventional physical and chemical lab tests. If additional standards are necessary, can consider (a) infrared, (b) analytical techniques for impurities in waste oil, and (c) standards associated with the re-refining techniques themselves.

Supplementary tests in addition to those in existence to ensure quality, particularly for engine oils.

Tests to show batch-to-batch variations in additive response and oil quality.

- Tests on basestocks: (a) storage, light and heat stability; (b) compatibility with virgin and other recycled stocks; (c) odor; and (d) clarity.

- Short-term screening tests of somewhat less precision and significance. Changing law requiring separate labeling for recycled petroleum products.

- Re-refining engine oil right on engine.

- Simple method for determining naphthenic oil content in lube quality feedstock.

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Specific tests for specific use applications.

Dissolved metals by AA, etc.

7. Foam tendency.

Tests for:

1.

Fuel oil

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water, ash, lead, halogens, sulfur, flash point, pour point, propane insolubles.

2.

3.

Ester-based turbine oil - ash, foam, hydrocarbon contamination, oxidation stability (with additives), pour point, viscosity index, propane insolubles.

Automotive lube oil

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ash, lead, halogens, oxidation stability (with additives), pour point, viscosity index, propane insolubles, ester contamination.

Characterizing waste oil by:

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Do you have standards or test methods to offer for consideration?

Seven respondents stated that they would have methods in the future. respondents offered the following methods, many of which are obviously applicable to virgin oils as well. Some gave comments only.

Eighteen

- Many current standard methods should be applicable to waste oil feedstocks and re-refined basestock standards.

- Standard military and Federal specifications and qualification procedures.

- Coulometric method for sulfur, chlorine, and nitrogen.

Some commercial airlines and some engine builders may have standards for recycled aircraft turbine engine oils.

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Laboratory oxidation stability test for fuels and lubricants.

Percent ash and identification by emission spectroscopy.

Coking and fouling prediction test for re-refinery feedstocks.

Emulsion stability index test and sludge test.

Quantitative and qualitative test for particulate contamination.
Oxidation test.

Heating value test similar to ASTM D 1405.

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7.

- Different methods for the examination of waste oil.

Company maintains extensive specifications for automotive factory-fill and service-fill products and for all sorts of manufacturing lubricants, cutting oils, hydraulic fluids, etc.

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Are you interested in becoming a member of the division, if formed?

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9. Will you participate actively in the work of some sections and/or study groups of the proposed new division? 115

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Yes

Many comments were received. Some offer much encouragement.

Herewith are a few that are representative.

B. W. Hutchings/F. W. Kroll, Exxon Company, U.S.A.

"In view of the growing interest in recycling and the work underway at the National Bureau of Standards and elsewhere, ASTM effort in this area is indicated to be necessary."

S. J. Lestz, U.S. Army, Fuel and Lubricants Research Laboratory, Southwest
Research Institute

"Information exchange is required between major oil company refiners, re-refiners, end users, equipment builders, and military."

R. L. Riedel, SOHIO

"Believe ASTM should attempt to guide NBS in decisions and encourage reblenders to join our group."

G. A. Gettinger, Midwest Oil Refining and Recycling Company

"As a field representative, I would supply practical information and data as it accrues in the midwest section. I am glad to see ASTM take an interest in the waste oil problems in collection and reuse. It is vitally important to everyone in the nation for conserving energy and its vital national resources, which in turn through reuse will help protect our environment. This industry can use the help of Committee D-2 and ASTM as a whole to upgrade its image and its service to the committee."

W. W. Crouse, Suntech, Inc.

"I would like to point out that standards for a given product area (such as engine oils) should be handled by the appropriate technical committee (Tech B in this case) and that the new Technical Division concern itself with the feedstock-base stock consistency, rather than product standards. However, if there is a need for an additional standard for a product area, it should be turned over to the appropriate Technical Division, since that is where the expertise lies."

T. F. Sparks, Vac sol Corporation

"We are presently utilizing the ASTM Standards developed for virgin lube oils and are in most cases able to effectively use them. But in many areas associated with re-refining, there are no ASTM Standards applicable. For instance, in reference to re-refining feedstock, waste oil, it has been necessary for us to generate 'standards' within our own organization. These 'standards' are effective in determining what we feel are the important properties of waste oil, but they are, in no sense of the word, universally accepted. Accredited ASTM Standards in this particular area would be extremely helpful. There are several other specific areas, in re-refining, that ASTM Standards would also be helpful. We are commencing, right now, to prepare what we feel would be helpful synopsis on both the problem areas of re-refined product testing and also how we feel these areas should be viewed."

M. Willingham/D. J. Ellerbe, Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.

"The Agency is interested in the creation of an ASTM Technical Division on Recycled Petroleum Products to carry out indicated objectives. Given the accomplishment of its missions, the Division will enable and assist us in providing a means for satisfying the objectives of the law as prescribed [Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA) and Energy Conservation and Production Act of 1976 (ECPA)]."

Summary prepared by P. L. Strigner for Questionnaire Task Group:

D. A. Becker (NBS), B. R. Hall (API), P. L. Strigner (NRC Canada).

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