or shipped or delivered for shipment or otherwise introduced into or received in such State from any place outside thereof.

The Secretary of the Treasury shall give reasonable public notice, and afford to interested parties opportunity for hearing, prior to prescribing regulations to carry out the provisions of this section. (Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 814, § 5, 49 Stat. 981; Feb. 29, 1936, ch. 105, § 2, 49 Stat. 1152; June 25, 1936, ch. 804, 49 Stat. 1921; June 26, 1936, ch. 830, title V, §§ 505, 506, 49 Stat. 1965, 1966; 1940 Reorg. Plan No. III, § 2, eff. June 30, 1940, 5 F. R. 2108, 54 Stat. 1232; Apr. 20, 1942, ch. 244, § 1 (h), 56 Stat. 219.)

CODIFICATION

In subsec. (e), reference to "the district court of the United States for the District of Columbia" was omitted since the District of Columbia constitutes a judicial district, and the district court of the United States for the District of Columbia is included within the term "District Courts of the United States" as used in such subsection. See sections 88 and 132 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

AMENDMENTS

1942-Subsec. (f). Act Apr. 20, 1942, amended par. 1 of subsec. (f).

1936-Act June 25, 1936, changed the name of "Supreme Court of the District of Columbia" to "district court of the United States for the District of Columbia." An amendment to the second proviso of subsection (e) was contained in act June 26, 1936, § 506, which was to have taken effect when a majority of the members of the Federal Alcohol Administration authorized to be appointed under former section 202b took office. The members, however, were never appointed.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

By sections 2, 8, 9 of 1940 Reorg. Plan No. III, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, the Federal Alcohol Administration was abolished and its functions, records, property, personnel, and funds transferred to the Secretary of the Treasury to be administered through the Bureau of Internal Revenue [now Internal Revenue Service].

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in sections 204, 207 of this title.

§ 206. Bulk sales and bottling.

(a) Offenses.

It shall be unlawful for any person

(1) To sell or offer to sell, contract to sell, or otherwise dispose of distilled spirits in bulk except, under regulations of the Secretary of the Treasury, for export or to the following, or to import distilled spirits in bulk except, under such regulations, for sale to or for use by the following: A distiller, rectifier of distilled spirits, person operating a bonded warehouse qualified under the internal-revenue laws or a class 8 bonded warehouse qualified under the customs laws, a winemaker for the fortification of wines, a proprietor of an industrial alcohol plant, or an agency of the United States or any State or political subdivision thereof.

(2) To sell or offer to sell, contract to sell, or otherwise dispose of warehouse receipts for distilled spirits in bulk unless such warehouse receipts require that the warehouseman shall package such distilled spirits, before delivery, in bottles labeled and marked in accordance with law, or deliver such distilled spirits in bulk only to persons

to whom it is lawful to sell or otherwise dispose of distilled spirits in bulk.

(3) To bottle distilled spirits unless the bottler is a person to whom it is lawful to sell or otherwise dispose of distilled spirits in bulk.

(b) Penalty.

Any person who violates the requirements of this section shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year or both, and shall forfeit to the United States all distilled spirits with respect to which the violation occurs and the containers thereof. (c) "In bulk."

The terms "in bulk" mean in containers having a capacity in excess of one wine gallon. (Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 814, § 6, 49 Stat. 985; 1940 Reorg. Plan No. III, § 2, eff. June 30, 1940, 5 F. R. 2108, 54 Stat. 1232.) TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

By sections 2, 8, 9 of 1940 Reorg. Plan No. II, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, the Federal Alcohol Administration was abolished and its functions, records, property, personnel, and funds transferred to the Secretary of the Treasury to be administered through the Bureau of Internal Revenue [now Internal Revenue Service].

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 204 of this title

§ 207. Penalties; jurisdiction; compromise of liability. The District Courts of the United States, and the United States court for any Territory, of the District where the offense is committed or threatened or of which the offender is an inhabitant or has his principal place of business, are vested with jurisdiction of any suit brought by the Attorney General in the name of the United States, to prevent and restrain violations of any of the provisions of this chapter. Any person violating any of the provisions of section 203 or 205 of this title shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof be fined not more than $1,000 for each offense. The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized, with respect to any violation of this chapter, to compromise the liability arising with respect to such violation (1) upon payment of a sum not in excess of $500 for each offense, to be collected by the Secretary and to be paid into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts, and (2) in case of repetitious violations and in order to avoid multiplicity of criminal proceedings, upon agreement to a stipulation, that the United States may, on its own motion upon five days' notice to the violator, cause a consent decree to be entered by any court of competent jurisdiction enjoining the repetition of such violation. (Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 814, § 7, 49 Stat. 985; June 25, 1936, ch. 804, 49 Stat. 1921; 1940 Reorg. Plan No. III, § 2, eff. June 30, 1940, 5 F. R. 2108, 54 Stat. 1232; 1940 Reorg. Plan No. IV, § 2, eff. June 30, 1940, 5 F. R. 2421, 54 Stat. 1234.)

CODIFICATION

Reference to "the district court of the United States for the District of Columbia" was omitted since the District of Columbia constitutes a judicial district, and the district court of the United States for the District of Columbia is included within the term "District Courts of the United States" as used in this section. See sections 88 and 132 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

The function of approving compromises made in accordance with this section was transferred from the Attorney General to the Secretary of the Treasury, to be exercised by him or under his direction and supervision by officer in the Department of the Treasury designated by him, by 1940 Reorg. Plan No. IV, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Said reorganization plan, in addition, contained following proviso: "Provided, That exclusive jurisdiction to compromise cases arising under the Federal Alcohol Administration Act which are pending before the courts or which have been or may hereafter be referred to the Department of Justice for action shall be vested in the Attorney General, and may be exercised by him or by any officer in the Department of Justice designated by him." By sections 2, 8, and 9 of 1940 Reorg. Plan No. III, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, the Federal Alcohol Administration was abolished and its functions, records, property, personnel, and funds transferred to the Secretary of the Treasury to be administered through the Bureau of Internal Revenue [now Internal Revenue Service].

§ 208. Interlocking directorates. (a) Offenses.

Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, it shall be unlawful for any individual to take office, after August 29, 1935, as an officer or director of any company, if his doing so would make him an officer or director of more than one company engaged in business as a distiller, rectifier, or blender of distilled spirits, or of any such company and of a company which is an affiliate of any company engaged in business as a distiller, rectifier, or blender of distilled spirits, or of more than one company which is an affiliate of any company engaged in business as a distiller, rectifier, or blender of distilled spirits, unless, prior to taking such office, application made by such individual to the Secretary of the Treasury has been granted and after due showing has been made to him that service by such individual as officer or director of all the foregoing companies of which he is an officer or director together with service in the company with respect to which application is made will not substantially restrain or prevent competition in interstate or foreign commerce in distilled spirits. The Secretary of the Treasury shall, by order, grant or deny such application on the basis of the proof submitted to him and his finding thereon. The District Courts of the United States, and the United States court for any Territory shall have jurisdiction of suits to enjoin, annul, or suspend in whole or in part any final action by the Secretary upon any application under this subsection.

(b) Conditions of lawfully taking office.

An individual may, without regard to the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, take office as an officer or director of a company described in said subsection while holding the position of officer or director of any other such company if such companies are affiliates at the time of his taking office and if—

(1) Such companies are affiliates on August 29, 1935; or

(2) Each of such companies has been organized under the law of a State to comply with a requirement thereof under which, as a condition of doing business in such State, such company must be organized under the law of such State; or

(3) One or more such companies has been organized under the law of a State to comply with a requirement thereof under which, as a condition of doing business in such State, such company must be organized under the laws of such State, and the other one or more of such companies not so organized, is in existence on August 29, 1935; or

(4) One or more of such companies has been organized under the law of a State to comply with a requirement thereof under which, as a condition of doing business in such State, such company must be organized under the law of such State, and not more than one of such companies is a company which has not been so organized and which has been organized after August 29, 1935. (c) "Company."

As used in this section, the term "company" means a corporation, joint stock company, business trust, or association, but does not include any agency of a State or political subdivision thereof or any officer or employee of any such agency.

(d) Penalty.

Any individual taking office in violation of this section shall be punished by a fine of not exceeding $1,000. (Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 814, § 8, 49 Stat. 986; June 25, 1936, ch. 804, 49 Stat. 1921; 1940 Reorg. Plan No. III, § 2, eff. June 30, 1940, 5 F. R. 2108, 54 Stat. 1232.)

CODIFICATION

In subsec. (a), reference to "the district court of the United States for the District of Columbia" was omitted since the District of Columbia constitutes a judicial district, and the district court of the United States for the District of Columbia is included within the term "District Courts of the United States" as used in such subsection. See sections 88 and 132 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

1940 Reorg. Plan No. III, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, abolished the Federal Alcohol Administration and provided that its functions, funds, personnel, and property should be transferred to the Secretary of the Treasury to be administered through the Bureau of Internal Revenue [now Internal Revenue Service].

§§ 209, 210. Omitted.

CODIFICATION

Section 209, acts Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 814, § 9, 49 Stat. 987; June 26, 1936, ch. 830, title V, § 507, 49 Stat. 1966, which related to disposal of forfeited alocholic beverages, was omitted from the Code as superseded. See section 5688 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code of 1954.

Section 210, act Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 814, § 10, 49 Stat. 987, abolished the Federal Alcohol Control Administration established by Ex. Ord. Nos. 6474, Dec. 4, 1933; 6576, Jan. 25, 1934; 6683, Apr. 19, 1934; 6778, 6788, June 30, 1934; 6829, Aug. 21, 1934, issued under provisions of former section 702 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade

§ 211. Definitions; amendment or repeal of chapter; separability of provisions.

(a) As used in this chapter

(1) The term "United States" means the several States and Territories and the District of Columbia; the term "State" includes a Territory and the District of Columbia; and the term "Territory" means Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico.

(2) The term "interstate or foreign commerce" means commerce between any State and any place

outside thereof, or commerce within any Territory or the District of Columbia, or between points within the same State but through any place outside thereof.

(3) The term "person" means individual, partnership, joint stock company, business trust, association, corporation, or other form of business enterprise, including a receiver, trustee, or liquidating agent and including an officer or employee of any agency of a State or political subdivision thereof; and the term "trade buyer" means any person who is a wholesaler or retailer.

(4) The term "affiliate” means any one of two or more persons if one of such persons has actual or legal control, directly or indirectly, whether by stock ownership or otherwise, of the other or others of such persons; and any one of two or more persons subject to common control, actual or legal, directly or indirectly, whether by stock ownership or otherwise.

(5) The term "distilled spirits" means ethyl alcohol, hydrated oxide of ethyl, spirits of wine, whiskey, rum, brandy, gin, and other distilled spirits, including all dilutions and mixtures thereof, for non-industrial use.

(6) The term "wine" means (1) wine as defined in section 610 and section 617 of the Revenue Act of 1918 as now in force or hereafter amended, and (2) other alcoholic beverages not so defined, but made in the manner of wine, including sparkling and carbonated wine, wine made from condensed grape must, wine made from other agricultural products than the juice of sound, ripe grapes, imitation wine, compounds sold as wine, vermouth, cider, perry and sake; in each instance only if containing not less than 7 per centum and not more than 24 per centum of alcohol by volume, and if for non-industrial use.

(7) The term "malt beverage" means a beverage made by the alcoholic fermentation of an infusion or decoction, or combination of both, in potable brewing water, of malted barley with hops, or their parts, or their products, and with or without other malted cereals, and with or without the addition of unmalted or prepared cereals, other carbohydrates or products prepared therefrom, and with or without the addition of carbon dioxide, and with or without other wholesome products suitable for human food consumption.

(8) The term "bottle" means any container, irrespective of the material from which made, for use for the sale of distilled spirits, wine, or malt beverages at retail.

(b) The right to amend or repeal the provisions of this chapter is expressly reserved.

(c) If any provision of this chapter, or the application of such provision to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the remainder of the chapter

and the application of such provision to persons or circumstances other than those as to which it is held invalid, shall not be affected thereby. (Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 814, § 17, 49 Stat. 989; 1940 Reorg. Plan No. III, § 2, eff. June 30, 1940, 5 F. R. 2108, 54 Stat. 1232.)

ADMISSION OF ALASKA AND HAWAII TO STATEHOOD Alaska was admitted into the Union on Jan. 3, 1959, upon the issuance of Proc. No. 3269, Jan. 3, 1959, 24 F.R. 81, 73 Stat. c16, and Hawaii was admitted into the Union on Aug. 21, 1959 upon the issuance of Proc. No. 3309, Aug. 21, 1959, 24 F.R. 6868, 73 Stat. c74. For Alaska Statehood Law, see Pub. L. 85-508, July 7, 1958, 72 Stat. 339, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions. For Hawaii Statehood Law, see Pub. L. 86-3, Mar. 18, 1959, 73 Stat 4, set out as a note preceding section 491 of Title 48. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

As originally enacted subsection (a) (1) of this section defined the term "Administrator" whose appointment was authorized under section 202 of this title. This definition is no longer effective since 1940 Reorg. Plan No. III, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, abolished the Federal Alcohol Administration and provided that its functions, funds, personnel, and property should be transferred to the Secretary of the Treasury to be administered through the Bureau of Internal Revenue [now Internal Revenue Service].

§ 212. Appropriations; transfer to Administration CODIFICATION

Section, act June 26, 1936, ch. 830, title V, § 504, 49 Stat. 1965, proposed a transfer of the appropriations authorized for the Federal Alcohol Administration created by section 202 of this title to the Administration created by former section 202b of this title. It was to have taken effect when a majority of the members authorized to be appointed under former section 202b of this title took office. The members, however, were never appointed.

Chapter 9.—LIQUOR ENFORCEMENT ACT OF 1936 S$ 221 to 228. Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 21, 62 Stat. 862, eff. Sept. 1, 1948.

Section 221. act June 25, 1936, ch. 815, § 1, 49 Stat. 1928, related to citation of former chapter.

Section 222, act June 25, 1936, ch. 815, § 2, 49 Stat. 1928, related to definitions, and is now covered by sections 1262 and 3615 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Section, act June 25, 1936, ch. 815, § 3, 49 Stat. 1928, related to transportation of liquor into states where sale is prohibited, and is now covered by section 1262 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Section 224, act June 25, 1936, ch. 815, § 4, 49 Stat. 1928, related to searches and seizures, and is now covered by section 3615 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Section 225, act June 25, 1936, ch. 815, § 5, 49 Stat. 1929, related to enforcement of former chapter, and is now covered by section 1261 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Section 226, act June 25, 1936, ch. 815, § 10, 49 Stat. 1929, related to effect of former chapter on other laws, and is not now covered.

Section 227, act June 25, 1936, ch. 815, § 11, 49 Stat. 1930, related to separability provisions of former chapter, and is not now covered.

Section 228, act June 25, 1936, ch. 815, § 12, 49 Stat. 1930, related to effective date of former chapter, and is not now covered.

AMENDMENTS

1968 Pub. L. 90-578, title I, § 102(b), Oct. 17, 1968, 82 Stat. 1114, substituted "United States magistrates" for "United States Commissioners" as the heading of chapter 43.

1967-Pub. L. 90-219, title II, § 204, Dec. 20, 1967, 81 Stat. 669, added chapter 42.

1966-Pub. L. 89-554, § 4(a), (b), (d), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 611, 621, substituted "Department of Justice" for "United States Attorneys and Marshals" in the heading of Part II, added chapters 31, 33, and 158, and redesignated former chapters 31 and 33 as 35 and 37, respectively. 1960-Pub. L. 86-682, § 10, Sept. 2, 1960, 74 Stat. 708, added chapter 173.

LEGISLATIVE CONSTRUCTION

Section 33 of act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 991, provided that: "No inference of a legislative construction is to be drawn by reason of the chapter in Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, as set out in section 1 of this Act, in which any section is placed, nor by reason of the catchlines used in such title."

SEPARABILITY OF PROVISIONS

Section 34 of act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 991, provided that: "If any part of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, as set out in section 1 of this Act, shall be held invalid, the remainder shall not be affected thereby."

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section 38 of act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 992, provided that: "The provisions of this Act shall take effect on September 1, 1948."

REPEALS; RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES SAVED Section 39 of act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 992, repealed the sections or parts thereof of the Revised Statutes of the United States, Statutes at Large, or the Revised Statutes of the District of Columbia covering provisions codified in this title, but saved any rights or

liabilities then existing under said sections or parts thereof.

R. S. § 1012 as affected by act Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 291, 36 Stat. 1167 [former section 880 of Title 28], provided that appeals from district courts shall be subject to the same rules, regulations, and restrictions as are or may be prescribed in law in cases of writs of error. This provision was repealed by act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, § 39, 62 Stat. 992. Section 2 of act Jan. 31, 1928, ch. 14, 45 Stat. 54, as amended Apr. 26, 1928, ch. 440, 45 Stat. 466; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, § 23, 62 Stat. 990 [former section 861b of Title 28], provided that: "All Acts of Congress referring to writs of error shall be construed as amended to the extent necessary to substitute appeal for writ of error."

WRITS OF ERROR

Act Jan. 31, 1928, ch. 14, § 1, 45 Stat. 54 [former section 861a of Title 28], provided that: "The writ of error in cases, civil and criminal, is abolished. All relief which heretofore [Jan. 31, 1928] could be obtained by writ of error shall hereafter be obtainable by appeal." This provision was omitted from the 1948 Revised Judicial Code as obsolete, and repealed by act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, § 39, 62 Stat. 992.

TITLE 28 AS CONTINUATION OF EXISTING LAW; CHANGE OF NAME OF CIRCUIT COURTS OF APPEALS

Section 2 (b) of act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 985, provided that: "The provisions of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, of the United States Code, set out in section 1 of this Act, with respect to the organization of each of the several courts therein provided for and of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, shall be construed as continuations of existing law, and the tenure of the judges, officers, and employees thereof and of the United States attorneys and marshals and their deputies and assistants, in office on the effective date of this Act [Sept. 1, 1948], shall not be affected by its enactment, but each of them shall continue to serve in the same capacity under the appropriate provisions of title 28, as set out in section 1 of this Act, pursuant to his prior appointment: Provided, however, That each circuit court of appeals shall, as in said title 28 set out, hereafter be known as a United States court of appeals. No loss of rights, interruption of jurisdiction, or prejudice to matters pending in any of such courts on the effective date of this Act shall result from its enactment."

CROSS REFERENCES

District of Columbia, organization of courts, see Title 11 of District of Columbia Code, 1967 ed.

Territorial courts, see Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

United States Tax Court, see section 7441 et seq. of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Part I.-ORGANIZATION OF COURTS

Chap.

1. Supreme Court..

CROSS REFERENCES Allotment of Supreme Court Justices to circuits, see section 42 of this title.

Circuit justices competent to sit as judges of the courts of appeals, see section 43 of this title. Jurisdiction of Supreme Court, see section 1251 et seq. of this title.

RULES OF THE SUPREME COURT See Appendix to this title.

§ 1. Number of justices; quorum.

The Supreme Court of the United States shall consist of a Chief Justice of the United States and eight associate justices, any six of whom shall constitute a quorum. (June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 869.)

LEGISLATIVE HISTORY

Reviser's Note.-Based on title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., § 321 (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 215, 36 Stat. 1152). Appointment of "judges of the Supreme Court" by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate is provided by U. S. Constitution art. 2, § 2, cl. 2. CROSS REFERENCES

Appointment of Supreme Court Justices, see U. s. Const., Art. 2, § 2, cl. 2.

Creation of Supreme Court, see U. S. Const., Art. 3, § 1. Justices to hold office during good behavior, see U. S. Const., Art. 3, § 1.

Oath of Justice, see section 453 of this title. Official station of Supreme Court Justices, see section 456 of this title.

RULES OF THE SUPREME COURT Quorum and adjournments, see rule 4, Appendix to this title.

§ 2. Terms of court.

The Supreme Court shall hold at the seat of government a term of court commencing on the first Monday in October of each year and may hold such adjourned or special terms as may be necessary. (June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 869.)

LEGISLATIVE HISTORY

Reviser's Note.-Based on title 28, U. S. C., 1940 ed., § 338 (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 230, 36 Stat. 1156; Sept. 6, 1916, ch. 448, § 1, 39 Stat. 726).

Minor changes in phraseology were made.

CROSS REFERENCES

Courts always open, see section 452 of this title. Official station of Supreme Court Justices, see section 456 of this title.

Seat of the Government, see chapter 3 of Title 4, Flag and Seal, Seat of Government, and the States.

RULES OF THE SUPREME COURT

Sec.

1

Term, see rule 3, Appendix to this title.