problem of deterioration: (1) improved efficiency resulting from an increase of wages; (2) an increase in wages followed by no improvement in efficiency; (3) improvement in the skill and energy of farmers. Small holdings would obviate the difficulty of unemployment.-Reginald Lennard, Economic Review, October, 1912. R. E. S. Syndicalism and Socialism.-Syndicalism and socialism are derived from the same situation-the universal discontent of workingmen. This discontent is due to economic injustice, education, and the sympathy of the church. The ultimate goals of syndicalism and socialism are different, though their genesis is the same. Syndicalism would make the operative in each group politically and economically supreme, and would eliminate the employer, for labor has been kept from its fair reward. But this attitude of syndicalism cannot be justified, for the organization of labor and legislation have effected an approximate equilibrium of economic forces. The remedy for their attitude lies in an investigation of the facts, and the cultivation of sympathy based on knowledge.-J. A. R. Marriott, Nineteenth Century, November, 1912. R. E. S. Socialism in California Municipalities.-The California Socialist party in local politics stands for "immediate demands." The local campaigns have not been struggles between Socialism and Capitalism, but have been general discussions of Socialist doctrines, and the issues have been those which stood for a reform program, for an extension of city activities and powers, for public ownership, and for clean government. The Socialist vote has almost trebled itself since 1908. This increase has been due to popular dissatisfaction with current political and administrational conditions, the socialist periodicals, and the McNamara trial. Party victories and the actual work being done by successful candidates can be noticed by reviewing the situation at Berkeley, Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Santa Cruz, Daly, etc. The ability and personality of the Socialist candidates have been powerful factors in the local success of the party.-Ira B. Cross, National Municipal Review, October, 1912. R. E. S. L'assistance par le travail.-Dr. Edouard Courmouls-Houlès has published a large work entitled L'assistance par le travail, in which he favors a plan by which the state shall come to the aid of its workmen, especially when they are thrown out of employment or are laboring for an inadequate wage. The theories of the book are impractical and chimerical, for the introduction of machinery is a benefit rather than a detriment to the laborer, and indiscriminate charity serves no lasting purpose in solving the problem of pauperism, but often encourages a class of professional loafers and vagabonds. Dr. Courmouls-Houlès is more of a solidarist than a collectivist and the solidarists are not to be counted on to help solve the problem of the unemployed.-Georges de Nouvion, Journal des économistes, August 15, 1912. E. E. E. Sozialreform und öffentliche Meinung in England.-In the general strikes of 1912 the laborers have demanded (a) recognition of the union, (b) exclusive union labor, and (c) a minimum wage. The settlement of the controversy was submitted to arbitration in parliament and a bill was passed which established: (a) a joint district wage board, composed of miners and mine-owners in equal numbers, the duty of which should be to draw up a graduated minimum-wage scale, and general district instructions for the regularity of work, and its efficiency, and for the provision for old-age and emergency insurance; (b) a standard of private rights, namely, the laborer may demand payment of the minimum wage, the employer is not obliged to hire anyone willing to work for the minimum wage, and both employers and laborers are allowed to fight for other wage laws by strikes or shut-outs. The reform movements of recent years indicate that the conservatives fight against the general principle of recognizing laborers; the laborer as a party fails to hold to any fundamental principle; the general public concedes that the strike is a necessary weapon for reform, but prefers arbitration as more efficient; socialism, liberalism, and syndicalism are especially important.-Mary Agnes Hamilton, Zeitschrift für Volkswirtschaft, Sozialpolitik und Verwaltung, IV. Heft, 1912. V. W. B. Massnahmen zur Verhütung von Betriebsunfällen, Gewerbekrankheiten und Volkskrankheiten.-Great emphasis should be placed on measures for the prevention of accidents and occupational diseases-increase and improvement of preventive regulations, development of the technique of protecting labor, disseminating knowledge of protective acts by means of books, journals, conferences, expositions, museums, etc. Expert supervision is indispensable. Attention must be given to the construction and method of employment of industrial apparatus. Penalties should be imposed for selling machinery which does not comply with the safety requirements. The co-operation of the workmen is highly desirable. Merely publishing or posting the regulations is not sufficient. Workmen must be aroused to active interest by means of workmen's committees, frequent conferences, traveling exhibitions, etc. Regulations should be scientifically and systematically prepared.-Dr. Konrad Hartmann. Bulletin des assurances sociales, 1912, Supplement. R. F. C. Grundsätze des Heilverfahrens in der Sozialversicherung, insbesondere auch bei Betriebsunfällen Gewerbekrankheiten und Volkskrankheiten.-Medical treatment and preventive measures are the principal tasks of social insurance, the payment of indemnities is only of secondary importance. The object, in medical treatment, should be the complete restoration of the earning power. Patients, physicians, and insurance societies must co-operate. The treatment must be prompt and energetic, each case individualized, specialists employed when needed, special hospitals and sanatoria provided, contagious disease cases isolated, dispensaries established. There should also be established institutions for the general improvement of the public health-workmen's homes, workmen's gardens, rest stations, etc.-Dr. Klein, Bulletin des assurances sociales, 1912, Supplement. R. F. C. BIBLIOGRAPHY Adler, Karl. Kapitalzins und Preisbe- Alberti, Mario. L'economia mondiale Asmis, W. Wie kann den Landarbeitern ein besserer Auschluss in wirtschaftlicher und sozialer Hinsicht geboten werden? Berlin: P. Parey. Pp. 122. M. 0.80. IS. Babson, Roger W. The Future of the Barthélemy, J. L'organizatión du suf- Beer, M. Geschichte des Sozialismus Benson, Allen L. The Truth about Bligh, Stanley M. Social Therapeutics. Bottari, Nic. La colonizzazione dell, Braga, Theophilo. Solucoes positivas da Brawley, B. G. A Short History of the ganized Speculation. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin Co. Pp. 12+290. $1.50. Calippe, Abbe Charles. Ozanam. Paris: A. Tralin. Pp. 5+206. Caronna, F. La teoria della erenzione tributaria dei redditi minimi. Palermo: Reber. Caullet, P. Eléments de sociologie. La Conyngton, Mary. How to Help. A cents. Cummings, John Raymond. Natural York: The Bankers Publishing Co. Pp. 210. De Matteis, F. La condizione giuridica della donna nella legislazione di Giustiniano. Torino: Tip. Bonis. Pp. 137. Dietrich, Albr. Mutter Erde. Ein Versuch über Volksreligion. Leipzig: Teubner. Pp. 6+138. M. 4. Dominion of Canada. Wholesale Prices in Canada, 1912. Ottawa: Government Printing Bureau. Pp. 17+255. Donati, B. Il valore della guerra e la filosofia di Eraclito. Genoa: A. F. Formiggini. Pp. 56. L. 1.50. Effertz, O. Le principe ponophysiocratique et son application à la question sociale. Paris: Rivière et Cie. Pp. 65. Fairchild, Harry Pratt. Immigration: A World Movement and Its American Significance. New York: Macmillan. Pp. 11+455 Fanno, M. Le banche e il mercato monetario. Rome: Athenaeum. Pp. 395. L. 8. Famam, Henry W. The Economic Utilization of History and Other Economic Studies. New Haven: Yale University Press. Pp. 8+220. Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, Proceedings. Quadrennial Session, Chicago, 1912. New York: Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America. Pp. 292. $1.00. Ferenczi, Emerich. Die Arbeitslosigkeit und die internationale Arbeiterwanderungen. Jena: Fischer. Pp. 88. M. 2.50. Fischer, Alfons. Die Mutterschaftsversicherung in den europäischen Ländern. Leipzig: Dietrich. M. 1.25. Fischer, Alfons. Grundriss der sozialen Hygiene. Berlin: Julius Springer. Pp. 8+448. M. 14. Fisher, Mark. Evolution and Revolution. Chicago: Kerr. Pp.61. 10 cents. Friedlaender, Hugo. Interessante Kriminalprozesse von kultur-historischer Bedentung. Berlin: H. Barsdorf. Pp. 8+318. M. 4. Gini, Corrado. Contributi statistici_ai problemi dell' Eugenica. Rome. Pp. 112. Govi, Mario. Il socialismo internazionalista e la guerra italo-balcanico-turca. Modena: G. T. Vincenzi e nipoti. Pp. 16+203. Graziani, A. Principii di economia commerciale. Naples: Alvano. Griziotti, Benvenuto. Le imposte sugli incrementi di valore nei capitali e sulli rendite nei redditi (interessi, salari e profitti). Caserta: Liberia moderna. Pp. 233. Grunzel, Josef. Allgemeine Volkswirtschaftslehre. Wien: Hölder. Pp. 161. Hayes, Carlton. British Social Politics. Materials Illustrating Contemporary State Action for the Solution of Social Problems. New York: Ginn & Co. Pp. 11+580. Howe, Frederic C. European Cities at Work. New York: Scribner. Pp. 14 +370. $1.75. Howerth, Ira W. Work and Life. A Study of the Problems of Today. New York: Sturgis & Walton. Pp. 278. $1.25 net. Hug-Hellmuth, H. von. Aus dem Seelenleben des Kindes. Eine psychonalytische Studie. Leipzig und Wien: Franz Deuticke. Pp. 11+170. Ingenieros, J. Sociologia argentina. Madrid: Daniel Jorro. Pp. 447. Pes. 4. Isaacson, Edward. The New Morality. An Interpretation of Present Social and Economic Forces and Tendencies. New York: Moffat, Yard & Co. Pp. 16+203. $1.25 net. Ischchanian, B. Die ausländischen Elemente in der russischen Volkswirtschaft. Berlin: Siemenroth. Pp. 18+ 3009. M. 7. Israel, H. Editor. The Country Church and Community Co-operation. New York: Association Press. Pp. 170. $1.00. Jastrow, J. Handelspolitik. Berlin: federacion en Bogota: imp. Johns, Alfred Raymond. Socialism: Its Strength, Weakness, Problems and Future. New York: Eaton & M. Pp. 75. 50 cents. José de la Vega. La Colombia, 1810-1912. de la Cruzada. Kirchhoff, Hermann. Vereinheitlichung des deutschen Eisenbahnwesens. Stuttgart: Cotta. Pp. 6+228. M.5. Lamprecht, Karl. Deutsche Geschichte der jüngsten Vergangenheit und Gegenwart. 2 Bd. Berlin: Weidmann. Pp. 14+563. M. 8. Leuba, James H. A Psychological Study of Religion. New York: Macmillan. Pp. 14+371. $2.00. Lippmann, W. A. A Preface to Politics. New York: Kennerley. Pp. 318. $1.50. Luquet, G.-H. Les dessins d'un enfant. Etude psychologique. Paris: Alcan. Pp. 26+262. Pl. 150. Luxemburg, Max. Russische obligatorische Arbeiterversicherung. Warschau: Gebethner & Wolff. Pp. 60. M. 2. McCann, Alfred W. Starving America. New York: Doran. Pp. 270. $1.50. McCracken, Elizabeth. The American Child. New York: Houghton, Mifflin McVey, Frank L. The Making of a Massachusetts. Report of the Com- Merkle, Benno. Arbeitslosigkeit, ihre statistische Erfassung und ihre Bekämpfung durch den Arbeitsnachweis. München: Duncker und Humblot. M. 3: Meyer, Hermann H. B. Library of Congress. Additional References on the Cost of Living and Prices. Washington: Government Printing Office. Pp. 120. 15 cents. Meyer, Hermann H. B. Library of Congress. List of References on Federal Control of Commerce and Corporations. Washington: Government Printing Office. Pp. 164. 15 New York: Macmillan. Pp. 15+ 339. $1.75. Mori, Aug. I corpi consultivi dell' amministrazione coloniale negli stati d'Europa. Roma: C. Colombo. Pp. 19+633. Morpurgo, Giulio. L'importanza economica della sintesi chimica. Trieste: La scuola di fondazione revoltella. Pp. 31. Münsterberg, Hugo. American Patriotism and Other Social Studies. New York: Moffat, Yard. Pp. 260. $1.50. Murdoch, John G. Economics as the Basis of Living Ethics. A Study of Scientific Social Philosophy. Troy, New York: Allen Book & Printing Co. Pp. 10+373. $2.00. Oneal, James. Sabotage, or Socialism vs. Syndicalism. New York: E. S. Gorham. Pp. 156. $1.00. Friendly Pais, E. Storia critica di Roma durante i primi cinque secoli. Vol. I. Rome: E. Loescher & Co. Parliamentary Publications. Societies, Workmen's Compensation Schemes, Industrial and Provident Societies, and Trade Unions. Reports of Chief Registrar for 1911. (Commons Reports and Bills 123-XV.) H. M. Stationary Office. With postage IS. Id. Parliamentary Publications. Housing and Town Planning-Memorandum of the Local Government Board for Scotland. (Papers by Command 6676.) H. M. Stationary Office. With postage 2 d. Parliamentary Publications. Purchase of Land. (England and Wales). To Provide Facilities for Sale of Land to Occupying Tenants. (Commons Bills 21.) H. M. Stationary Office. With postage 2d. Parliamentary Publications. Unemployment Insurance. (Statutes and Statutory Publications 387.) H. M. Stationary Office. Parliamentary Publications. Unemployment. To Establish a Minister of Labour to Make Provision for Prevention and Treatment of Unemployment. (Commons Bills 37.) H. M. Stationary Office. With postage 24d. Parsons, Elsie Clews. The Old Fashioned Woman. Primitive Fancies about the Fair Sex. New York: Putnam. Pp. 8+373. $1.50 net. Pasteris, E. Umanesimo e cristianesimo nei primi secoli e le origini della civilta moderna: la vita, il pensiero, le lettere e le arti. Firenze: Libr. edit. Fior. Pp. 15+370. L. 4. Pflüger, Paul. Sozialpolitische Reden und Aufsätze. Zürich: Schweitz. Grütliverein. Pp. 384. M. 5. Piga, A. Relaciones entre la lujuria y las perturbaciones del instinto sexual con la criminalidad. Toledo: Viuda é Hijos de J. Peláez. Pp. 38. Pes. 1. Pohle, Ludwig. Die Entwickelung des deutschen Wirtschaftslebens im letzten Jahrhundert. Leipzig: Teubner. Pp. 7+154. M. 1.25. Prison Labor. Philadelphia: American Academy of Political and Social Science. Pp. 240. $1.00. Public School Alliance of New Orleans. Exceptional Children in the Public Schools of New Orleans. New Orleans: The Public School Alliance. Pp. 36. Quillan, Frank U. The Color Line in Ohio. A History of Race Prejudice in a Typical Northern State. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Geo. Wahr. Pp. 16+ 178. Richartz, E. Erwerbsberufe für schulentlassene Knaben. Essen: Fredebeul & Kornen. Pp. 63. M. 0.15. San Francisco Relief Survey. The Organization and Methods of Relief Used after the Earthquake and Fire of April 18, 1906. Compiled from Studies by C. J. O'Connor, Francis P. McLean, Helen S. Artisda, James M. Motley, Jessica Peixotto, Mary Roberts Coolidge. New York: Survey Associates. Pp. 25+483. $3.50. Savorgnan, Franco. La distribuzione dei redditi nelle provincie e nelle grandi citta dell' Austria. Trieste: Museo Commerciale. Pp. 51. Schloesser, Henry H. Trade Unionism. London: Methuen. Pp. 176. 2s. 6d. Schmidt, Geo. Lohnformen und Arbeitsverhältnisse in der Landwirtschaft. Berlin: Buch. Vorwärts Paul Singer. M. 2. Pp. 90. Segre, A. Manuale di storia del commercio. Vol. I. Dalle origini alla Rivoluzione Francese. Turin: S. Lat tes. Pp. 459. Sombart, Werner. Luxus und Kapitalismus. München: Duncker und Humblot. Pp. 8+220. Spann, Othmar. Zur Soziologie und Share in Social Culture. New York: Kennerley. Pp. 11+330. $2.00. Straus, Oscar S. The American Spirit. New York: Century Co. Pp. 379. Tenerelli, F. G. Le finanze communali. Milan: Società editrice libraria. Pp. 450. Thorndike, E. Lee. An Introduction to the Theory of Mental and Social Measurements. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University. Pp. 11+277. $2.50. Thurnwald, Richard. Vorschläge zur psychologischen Untersuchung primitiver Menschen. Leipzig: J. A. Barth. Pp. 124. Thwing, C. F., and Thwing Carrie F. Butler. The Family. Boston: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. Pp. 258. $1.60 net. Trask, J. W. Public Health Administration. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Pp. 8. U.S. Bureau of Census. Financial Statistics of Cities Having a Population of Over 30,000. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Pp. 308. U.S. Congress. Annual Report of Commissioner General of Immigration, Fiscal Year 1912. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Pp. 224. 20 cents. U.S. Congress. Commission on Economy and Efficiency, Message of the President Transmitting the Reports Jan. 8, 1913. (H. Doc. 1252.) Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Pp. 923. U.S. Congress. Hearings on H. 27281 Relating to Limitation of Hours of Labor of Women Employed in District of Columbia. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Pp. 174. U.S. Congress. Hospital Relief for Rural Districts. From Public Reports V. 28, No. 5.) Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Pp. 7. 5 cents. U.S. Congress. Report Amending S.5382 to Provide Exclusive Remedy and Compensation for Accidental Injuries. (H. Rept. 1441). Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Pp. 218. U.S. Congress. Report on Condition of Woman and Child Wage-Earners in U.S.: Vol. 14. Causes of Death among Woman and Child Cotton-Mill Operatives. (S.Doc. 645, 61st Cong., 2d sess.) Washington, D.C.: Govern |