An Ecological Approach to International Law: Responding to the Challenges of Climate ChangeRoutledge, 2008 M01 28 - 464 pages An Ecological Approach to International Law shows that international environmental law is fundamentally flawed and not equipped to meet global challenges. The book examines international legal responses to global climate change by analysing key concepts such as the doctrine of state sovereignty, the law on state responsibility, environmental rights and common heritage of mankind. |
From inside the book
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Page 10
... atmosphere and the earth's surface is warmed and maintained at a global average temperature of 15°C. Without it the global temperature would be about -20°C.7 Water vapour, carbon dioxide and clouds are responsible for 90 per cent of the ...
... atmosphere and the earth's surface is warmed and maintained at a global average temperature of 15°C. Without it the global temperature would be about -20°C.7 Water vapour, carbon dioxide and clouds are responsible for 90 per cent of the ...
Page 11
... global scales'.9 The anthropogenic disruption of the natural balance, together with the spectre of increasing global ... atmosphere for many years 'after emission, concentrations become uniform regardless of geographic origin. Therefore ...
... global scales'.9 The anthropogenic disruption of the natural balance, together with the spectre of increasing global ... atmosphere for many years 'after emission, concentrations become uniform regardless of geographic origin. Therefore ...
Page 12
... atmosphere. By destroying forests and vegetation and altering land-use patterns, the natural circulation of carbon through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and geosphere is disrupted.27. (ii). Methane28. Recent figures estimate that ...
... atmosphere. By destroying forests and vegetation and altering land-use patterns, the natural circulation of carbon through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and geosphere is disrupted.27. (ii). Methane28. Recent figures estimate that ...
Page 13
... atmospheric levels have been rising rapidly. In 1977 there were approximately 150 pptv (parts per trillion by volume) of CFC 1 1 in the atmosphere. This increased to 268 pptv by 1994.39 Future emission levels will largely depend on the ...
... atmospheric levels have been rising rapidly. In 1977 there were approximately 150 pptv (parts per trillion by volume) of CFC 1 1 in the atmosphere. This increased to 268 pptv by 1994.39 Future emission levels will largely depend on the ...
Page 14
... atmosphere is short lived, their impact tends to be regional and as they dissipate through improved air quality controls the impact of other greenhouse gases will remain. The 1995 report by Working Group I reveals that progress has been ...
... atmosphere is short lived, their impact tends to be regional and as they dissipate through improved air quality controls the impact of other greenhouse gases will remain. The 1995 report by Working Group I reveals that progress has been ...
Contents
Human rights and the enviroment | 196 |
52 The existence of a human right under current international law | 197 |
522 An independent norm under customary international law? | 200 |
53 Progressive development toward an environmental human rights | 209 |
54 A new international human right? | 212 |
542 Development of existing human rights? | 220 |
543 Environmental rights | 221 |
55 Specific issues of content | 222 |
24 | |
26 | |
State responsibility for environmental harm | 61 |
32 The obligation to present environmental harm | 65 |
33 Scope of the obligation to prevent environmental harm | 78 |
333 Locus of harm | 80 |
334 Degree of harm | 86 |
a hypothetical case | 87 |
a rule of customary international law? | 88 |
342 The legal basis of responsibility? | 89 |
343 Attribution | 91 |
344 Locus standi | 92 |
345 The wrongdoer | 102 |
346 Causation | 103 |
347 Remedies | 105 |
348 Conclusion | 108 |
35 An appropriate legal response? | 109 |
351 State sovereignty and the transboundary approach | 110 |
352 Protection of property rights | 118 |
353 Reciprocity and coexistence vs cooperation | 122 |
36 Conclusion | 123 |
International liability for injurious consequences arising out of acts not prohibited by international law | 144 |
42 Doctrine | 146 |
422 Concepts and principles | 147 |
423 Relationship with state responsibility | 148 |
424 Basis of liability | 151 |
425 Doctrinal debate | 152 |
43 Greenhouse effect within the topics scope? | 153 |
431 Pre 1988 | 154 |
432 Post 1988 | 159 |
44 An appropriate legal response? | 165 |
442 Protection of property rights | 169 |
443 A piecemeal approach | 171 |
444 Liability regime | 177 |
445 Environmental harm per se | 180 |
446 Cooperation | 181 |
45 Conclusion | 182 |
552 Enforcement whose right? | 224 |
553 Obligations | 230 |
56 An appropriate legal response? | 231 |
561 Anthropocentrism | 232 |
562 Balancing competing rights | 237 |
563 Developing states | 238 |
564 Sovereignty | 240 |
565 Future generations | 242 |
566 International standards and cooperation | 243 |
567 Prevention | 244 |
The common heritage of mankind | 258 |
62 The meaning of common heritage of mankind | 260 |
622 Writings of Arvid Pardo and the 1970 SeaBed Declaration | 262 |
623 Legal theory | 269 |
624 Common interest | 277 |
625 Intergenerational equity and trust | 280 |
63 Specific environmental obligations | 285 |
631 1970 SeaBed Declaration | 286 |
632 LOS Convention | 287 |
633 Moon Treaty | 288 |
64 Current trends | 289 |
65 An appropriate legal response? | 291 |
651 Environmental ethics | 292 |
653 Breach of obligations? | 293 |
655 Sovereignty | 295 |
656 Flexibility of meaning | 297 |
661 The ethical issue | 299 |
662 Protection of the global environment | 304 |
a global environmental treaty | 305 |
68 Conclusion | 309 |
Rio an opportunity lost? | 323 |
73 Conclusion | 341 |
Conclusion | 349 |
Appendices | 354 |
Bibliography | 407 |
Index | 431 |
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Common terms and phrases
action activities anthropocentric areas beyond national Article Barboza's biosphere Bosselmann Brown Weiss Brownlie carbon dioxide cause chapter Climate Change Convention co-operation common heritage common interest concept concern Conference consequences considered context customary international law damage developing countries discussion documents draft Earth Charter earth's ecocentric ecological economic ecosystems emissions emphasis added enforcement environmental ethic environmental harm environmental human right environmental protection environmental right example existing future global atmosphere global commons global environment greenhouse effect greenhouse gases humanity's Ibid impact implementation individual intergenerational equity international environmental law IPCC IPCC WG issue Kiss liability limited ment Montreal Protocol national jurisdiction Nuclear Tests obligation to prevent ozone Pardo Parties pollution Principle 21 problems property rights Protocol Quentin-Baxter's recognise referred regime relevant responsibility Rio Declaration ronmental scientific sea-bed sovereign sovereignty specific state's Stockholm Declaration suggested territory tion tional topic Trail Smelter UNCED United Nations Zealand