An Ecological Approach to International Law: Responding to the Challenges of Climate ChangeRoutledge, 2008 M01 28 - 464 pages An Ecological Approach to International Law shows that international environmental law is fundamentally flawed and not equipped to meet global challenges. The book examines international legal responses to global climate change by analysing key concepts such as the doctrine of state sovereignty, the law on state responsibility, environmental rights and common heritage of mankind. |
From inside the book
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Page 10
... carbon dioxide and other gases, and possible consequences for the Earth's climate. In order to consider this phenomenon in the proper perspective, one must first recognise a fact long known by climatologists, namely that climate is not ...
... carbon dioxide and other gases, and possible consequences for the Earth's climate. In order to consider this phenomenon in the proper perspective, one must first recognise a fact long known by climatologists, namely that climate is not ...
Page 11
... carbon dioxide, methane, the chlorofluorocarbons and nitrous oxide. These increases will enhance the greenhouse effect, resulting on average in an ... Carbon dioxide is the primary greenhouse 11 SCIENTIFIC AND ETHICAL DIMENSIONS 2.2.1 Causes.
... carbon dioxide, methane, the chlorofluorocarbons and nitrous oxide. These increases will enhance the greenhouse effect, resulting on average in an ... Carbon dioxide is the primary greenhouse 11 SCIENTIFIC AND ETHICAL DIMENSIONS 2.2.1 Causes.
Page 12
... Carbon dioxide is the primary greenhouse gas. The IPCC states that; '[c]arbon dioxide has been responsible for over half the enhanced greenhouse effect in the past, and is likely to remain so in the future'.17 Recent figures identify ...
... Carbon dioxide is the primary greenhouse gas. The IPCC states that; '[c]arbon dioxide has been responsible for over half the enhanced greenhouse effect in the past, and is likely to remain so in the future'.17 Recent figures identify ...
Page 13
... carbon dioxide.37 CFCs do not occur naturally. They have been manufactured in increasing quantities since the 1950s.38 Their primary uses are as aerosol propellants, coolants in air-conditioners and refrigerators, in expanding foams and ...
... carbon dioxide.37 CFCs do not occur naturally. They have been manufactured in increasing quantities since the 1950s.38 Their primary uses are as aerosol propellants, coolants in air-conditioners and refrigerators, in expanding foams and ...
Page 16
... carbon-cycle models. These reduced projections do not result in more easily achieved stabilisation targets. Stabilisation of carbon dioxide concentrations of between 450 ppmv- 1,000 ppbv (the 1994 level is 358 ppbv), over time scales of ...
... carbon-cycle models. These reduced projections do not result in more easily achieved stabilisation targets. Stabilisation of carbon dioxide concentrations of between 450 ppmv- 1,000 ppbv (the 1994 level is 358 ppbv), over time scales of ...
Contents
Human rights and the enviroment | 196 |
52 The existence of a human right under current international law | 197 |
522 An independent norm under customary international law? | 200 |
53 Progressive development toward an environmental human rights | 209 |
54 A new international human right? | 212 |
542 Development of existing human rights? | 220 |
543 Environmental rights | 221 |
55 Specific issues of content | 222 |
24 | |
26 | |
State responsibility for environmental harm | 61 |
32 The obligation to present environmental harm | 65 |
33 Scope of the obligation to prevent environmental harm | 78 |
333 Locus of harm | 80 |
334 Degree of harm | 86 |
a hypothetical case | 87 |
a rule of customary international law? | 88 |
342 The legal basis of responsibility? | 89 |
343 Attribution | 91 |
344 Locus standi | 92 |
345 The wrongdoer | 102 |
346 Causation | 103 |
347 Remedies | 105 |
348 Conclusion | 108 |
35 An appropriate legal response? | 109 |
351 State sovereignty and the transboundary approach | 110 |
352 Protection of property rights | 118 |
353 Reciprocity and coexistence vs cooperation | 122 |
36 Conclusion | 123 |
International liability for injurious consequences arising out of acts not prohibited by international law | 144 |
42 Doctrine | 146 |
422 Concepts and principles | 147 |
423 Relationship with state responsibility | 148 |
424 Basis of liability | 151 |
425 Doctrinal debate | 152 |
43 Greenhouse effect within the topics scope? | 153 |
431 Pre 1988 | 154 |
432 Post 1988 | 159 |
44 An appropriate legal response? | 165 |
442 Protection of property rights | 169 |
443 A piecemeal approach | 171 |
444 Liability regime | 177 |
445 Environmental harm per se | 180 |
446 Cooperation | 181 |
45 Conclusion | 182 |
552 Enforcement whose right? | 224 |
553 Obligations | 230 |
56 An appropriate legal response? | 231 |
561 Anthropocentrism | 232 |
562 Balancing competing rights | 237 |
563 Developing states | 238 |
564 Sovereignty | 240 |
565 Future generations | 242 |
566 International standards and cooperation | 243 |
567 Prevention | 244 |
The common heritage of mankind | 258 |
62 The meaning of common heritage of mankind | 260 |
622 Writings of Arvid Pardo and the 1970 SeaBed Declaration | 262 |
623 Legal theory | 269 |
624 Common interest | 277 |
625 Intergenerational equity and trust | 280 |
63 Specific environmental obligations | 285 |
631 1970 SeaBed Declaration | 286 |
632 LOS Convention | 287 |
633 Moon Treaty | 288 |
64 Current trends | 289 |
65 An appropriate legal response? | 291 |
651 Environmental ethics | 292 |
653 Breach of obligations? | 293 |
655 Sovereignty | 295 |
656 Flexibility of meaning | 297 |
661 The ethical issue | 299 |
662 Protection of the global environment | 304 |
a global environmental treaty | 305 |
68 Conclusion | 309 |
Rio an opportunity lost? | 323 |
73 Conclusion | 341 |
Conclusion | 349 |
Appendices | 354 |
Bibliography | 407 |
Index | 431 |
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Common terms and phrases
action activities anthropocentric areas beyond national Article Barboza's biosphere Bosselmann Brown Weiss Brownlie carbon dioxide cause chapter Climate Change Convention co-operation common heritage common interest concept concern Conference consequences considered context customary international law damage developing countries discussion documents draft Earth Charter earth's ecocentric ecological economic ecosystems emissions emphasis added enforcement environmental ethic environmental harm environmental human right environmental protection environmental right example existing future global atmosphere global commons global environment greenhouse effect greenhouse gases humanity's Ibid impact implementation individual intergenerational equity international environmental law IPCC IPCC WG issue Kiss liability limited ment Montreal Protocol national jurisdiction Nuclear Tests obligation to prevent ozone Pardo Parties pollution Principle 21 problems property rights Protocol Quentin-Baxter's recognise referred regime relevant responsibility Rio Declaration ronmental scientific sea-bed sovereign sovereignty specific state's Stockholm Declaration suggested territory tion tional topic Trail Smelter UNCED United Nations Zealand