of the students; will give them at any time any needed aid, and when the information on special subjects is difficult to obtain, should supplement the course by lectures. The instructors will meet their classes weekly, and assign the lessons for the following week.

FIRST WINTER'S COURSE.

2. The course for engineer officers spending their first winter at the school will be: Electricity and torpedoes, 19 weeks; surveying, 2 weeks. For officers of other arms of the service detailed for special instruction in the torpedo service: Electricity and torpedoes, 21 weeks.

ELECTRICITY.

3. Study of, in its application to torpedo warfare, arc and incandescent lighting, and transmission of power, supplemented by extensive laboratory practice in the solution of the special problems involved. Text-books and books of reference, as follows: Abbot's Notes on Electricity; Ayrton's Practical Electricity; Thompson's Electricity and Magnetism; Maier's Arc and Glow Lamps; Swinburne's Practical Electrical Measurements; Kapp's Electrical Transmission of Energy; Part II of Professional Papers No. 23, Corps of Engineers, U. S. A.; Gray's Absolute Measurements, Volume II; Monroe and Jamieson's Pocket Book of Electrical Rules and Tables.

TORPEDOES.

4. Text-book: The Torpedo Manual. Practice will be had in making all the adjustments and tests required in planting and operating torpedoes, the operations on the water being simulated as far as practicable by special indoor appliances. Book of reference: Bucknill's Submarine Mines and Torpedoes as applied to harbor defense; Scheidnagel's Treatise upon Defensive Submarine Mining.

5. Attendance at the electrical laboratory will be regulated by the instructor. Theoretical study will be done as far as practical in quarters. All laboratory work will be done without the use of text-books, or text-book diagrams. Officers may, however, use manuscript notes or diagrams prepared before going to the laboratory. Laboratory practice will be had from 8 a. m., to 12 m., and from 1 to 5 p. m. During the last two weeks of the course each officer will prepare a plan (map and memoir) for the defense of such harbor as may be designated by the instructor, special attention being given to the torpedo defense and the batteries protecting the torpedo lines.

SURVEYING.

6. (Last two weeks of course, and preparatory to actual field work.) Subjects: (1) Adjustment, use and care of instruments; (2) Topographical surveying with transit and stadia; (3) Hydrographic surveying and gauging of rivers; (4) Geodetic surveying. Text-book: Such parts as may be designated by the academic staff, of Johnson's Theory and Practice of Surveying.

SECOND WINTER'S COURSE.

7. Civil engineering, 5 weeks; military engineering, 7 weeks; photography, 5 weeks; torpedoes, 4 weeks.

CIVIL ENGINEERING.

8. (Five weeks.) Subjects: (1) Improvement of non-tidal rivers; (2) improvement of tidal rivers; (3) canals.

9. Text-books: Vernon Harcourt's Rivers and Canals; Schlichting's Improvement of Non-Tidal Rivers. Books of reference: (see third winter's course.)

MILITARY ENGINEERING.

10. (Seven weeks.) Subjects: (1) Modern guns, carriages, and projectiles; (2) steel, compound, wrought and cast-iron armor; (3) modern ships of war and seacoast defenses; (4) modern fortifications, and their attack and defense.

11. Text-books: Such parts of the following books as may be designated by the academic staff: Woolwich Text Book of Fortifications; Maguire's Attack and Defense of Coast Fortifications; Fortifications of To-day; Inglis' paper in Professional

Papers Royal Engineers, 1884, and a lecture on armored defense in Ordnance Notes No. 151; Very's Development of Armor; Naval Intelligence Papers, June, 1886; Adams's Spezia Experiments, 1886; Baylay's Types of Modern Guns; The Protection of Heavy Guns for Coast Defense, Sir A. Clark; Abbot's Lectures on Seacoast Defense

12. Books of reference: Articles on Fortification and Gunnery, Encyclopædia Britannica; Ordnance Notes, No. 135, and Appendix; Volume 9, Professional Papers Royal Engineers; Report Board on Fortifications; Text Books on Gunnery, McKinlay; Naval Annual, 1887, Brassy.

MILITARY PHOTOGRAPHY.

13. (Five weeks.) Practice will be had in the following methods: Negatives by wet and dry processes; developers and intensifiers; silver printing, and finishing and mounting of prints; map printing; photolithography, including the negative and transfer to stone and printing. Each officer to submit 12 printed copies of his map. Text-books: Griffin's Notes on Photography; von Sothen's The Development of the Latent Image on Gelatino-Bromide of Silver.

TORPEDOES.

14. (Four weeks.) One or more officers of the second and third winter's course will be detailed weekly to report to the instructor in torpedoes, as assistant for testing core joints and instructing enlisted men on the torpedo detail.

THIRD WINTER'S COURSE.

15. Civil engineering, 10 weeks; military engineering, 6 weeks; torpedoes, 5 weeks.

CIVIL ENGINEERING.

16. (Ten weeks.) Subjects: (1) Wave and current action, and improvement of harbors; (2) steam engines and pumps; (3) building superintendence; (4) preparation of project for, or the history of, the improvement of some designated river or harbor. 17. Text-books: Such parts of the following books as may be designated by the academic staff: Vernon Harcourt's Harbors and Docks; Edward's Steam Engineers' Guide; Clark's Building Superintendence.

18. Books of reference: Rankine's Civil Engineering and Steam-Engine, Bixby's Point de Grave; articles on hydromechanics and steam-engine, in Encyclopædia Britannica; Cotterill's Applied Mechanics; Jameison on Steam-Engine; Steam Boilers, Wilson; Modern Steam-Engine, Rose; Canal and River Engineering, D. Stevenson; Construction of Harbors, T. Stevenson; Hydraulics of Great Rivers, Revy; Trautwine's Engineers' Pocket Book; Berg's Safe Building; Bullock's Architecture and Building; Billing's Ventilation and Heating.

MILITARY ENGINEERING.

19. (Six weeks.) Hanley's Operations of War, and preparation of project for the defense of such place as may be designated by the instructor.

TORPEDOES.

20. (Five weeks.) See paragraph on torpedoes in second winter's course.

COURSE FOR ENLISTED MEN.

INSTRUCTION OF ENLISTED MEN IN TORPEDOES.

21. Instruction will comprise telegraphing with the dial instrument, including the code for action and practice in the Morse system of telegraphy; the duties of the loading room, and, so far as practicable, of the boat service as prescribed in the Torpedo Manual, comprising preparing the plugs of the buoyant and ground torpedoes; charging the mines; charging the cut-off boxes, three methods; jointing the cores; making turk's heads in the electrical cable; using the junction boxes; attaching a cable stop; splicing and knotting hemp rope; inserting thimble in wire mooring

rope. They will also receive from the instructor in torpedoes or his assistant, lectures respecting the fuses, explosives, torpedo material (except that of the operating room), voltaic batteries, simple electrical testing, and the use of the portable appa ratus for the electrical ignition of mines.

The "unit" detail for this instruction will consist of 1 noncommissioned officer and 4 privates. Six such details will report for duty Monday morning and will continue their instruction during fatigue hours until their work has been inspected and accepted by the officer in immediate charge. One or two of the unit details will probably finish their tasks by Tuesday evening, when other details may be made to commence work Wednesday morning. As soon as a man has had his work accepted, i. e., has received a rating of "2.5," he will be excused from further attendance, and in case he has shown a commendable amount of skill and intelligence in his duties, will be a candidate for such special privileges as it may be deemed expedient to give him. A soldier qualifying twice as "2.5" will be excused from further detail during the winter season.

Recruits on their first detail will be kept under instruction indefinitely until they have done each task at least twice, and have received a rating of at least "2.0" They will then be placed on the same footing as old soldiers for further details.

The officer in immediate charge will be present in the loading rooms a large portion of each day, frequently inspecting the work of the several details. He will make it a special object to note the character of the instruction given by the noncommissioned officers, who should know their duties well, and who should be held to a strict account for any defective work that their details may do. He will rate the men as they complete their tasks by a detailed examination of their finished work and a more or less detailed course of questioning. In determining a man's "mark" regard will be had to the degree of intelligence displayed, as well as to the meehanical skill with which the work has been done. At the close of each week he will submit a "proficiency" report of the detail and state what verbal or other instruction was given during the week.

INSTRUCTION OF ENLISTED MEN IN PHOTOGRAPHY.

22. Two noncommissioned officers will be detailed each week for instruction in photography. Practice will be had in the following methods: Negatives by wet and dry processes; developers and intensifiers; silver printing, and finishing and mounting of prints; map printing.

II. The following assignment of instructors is made:

Torpedoes: Capt. C. B. Sears, Corps of Engineers.

Military engineering: Capt. R. L. Hoxie, Corps of Engineers.

Civil engineering: Capt. E. Bergland, Corps of Engineers.

Military photography: First Lieut. G. A. Zinn, Corps of Engineers, battalion quartermaster.

By order of Lieutenant-Colonel King:

APPENDIX C.-PROGRAMME OF STUDY AND INSTRUCTION FOR SUMMER SEASON.

The following programme of study and instruction for the ensuing summer season, to commence May 4 and end November 14, 1891 (28 weeks), having been recommended by the academic staff and approved by the Chief of Engineers, will be carried into effect.

MILITARY ENGINEERING.

1. Instruction by the company officers in the nomenclature, dimensions, and construction of modern siege batteries and saps.

2. A full course of trestle and pontoon drill.

3. Instruction in building spar bridges.

4. Instruction in military mining.

5. Military map making. Each lieutenant of Engineers, who has not already

done so, and such noncommissioned officers and privates as may be selected from each company, will make satisfactory foot reconnoissances about 4 miles long in the vicinity of the post, the maps thereof to be submitted by company commanders to post headquarters on or before November 14, 1891.

TORPEDO DRILLS.

6. After receiving such preliminary practice as may be necessary to acquaint them with the practical details of preparing and planting a torpedo, the officers of the torpedo class will be divided into details of at least two officers each, for the purpose of taking charge of the preparation and planting of a grand group of torpedoes under the direction of the instructor in torpedoes, assisted by one Engineer officer of the second winter's class.

7. The senior officer will be in general charge and will keep a daily journal of operations, noting particularly any difficulties encountered and any suggestions that may occur to him, looking to the avoidance of similar difficulties in the future.

8. The officers will frequently interchange duties, so that each one shall have some experience in each part of the drill.

9. The electric light will be set up and operated.

10. The grand group being completed and the search-light in position, the post commander will order an exhibition drill illustrating the operations of the torpedo defense against an attempted passage of the mine field by an enemy's vessel under cover of night.

11. The group will then be taken up by the same detail and the parts dismantled, cleaned, and conveniently grouped for the inspection of the instructor.

12. The detail will be instructed and exercised in automatic and judgment firing drills at such times as may be most convenient before the final exhibition drill.

13. The detail of enlisted men for each grand group drill will consist of 3 noncommissioned officers and about 12 privates.

14. The hours of work will be from 7 to 11:30 a. m., and from 1 to 4:30 p. m. In bad weather, when no work is done and the men are in barracks, the latter will attend the same company duties and roll-calls as daily duty-men.

15. Weekly reports of progress will be rendered by the senior officer of the detail, and at the conclusion of the work, each officer will submit a report of the work done by him, mentioning difficulties encountered and any suggestions he may desire to make.

16. A detailed record will be kept of what each man does, with the view of tracing out the author of the defective work and determining the degree of proficiency developed by individual members of the detail. An account of the character of work done by each man will be submitted by the senior officer with his final report.

17. Occasionally, if practicable, loaded mines will be planted and fired as in actual service, height of jet, effect on neighboring mines, and other phenomena being carefully observed and recorded.

18. At such times as will not interfere with the drills above mentioned, the officers of the class will make practical experiments in calibrating commercial ammeters and voltmeters, testing efficiency of dynamos and motors.

CIVIL ENGINEERING.

19. The following instrumental surveys will begin as soon as practicable, and officers when detailed for this purpose will be excused from all other duty when actually engaged in the field work.

20. Each lieutenant of engineers, who has not already done so, will make and plot a careful instrumental survey of about 1 square mile of ground. He will be assisted in the field work by details of noncommissioned officers and privates of his company. The work will include contours 10 feet apart, determined with a surveyor's level, and will be plotted to a scale of 12 inches to the mile. Several good level bench-marks should be established and located on the map, their reference being given in a column of notes. The names of the residents should be recorded on the map. A field azimuth of one of the lines will be determined astronomically. The finished maps will be submitted on or before November 14, 1891.

21. A careful hydrographic survey of about one quarter of a square mile, including enrrent measurements with electric current metre and double floats, will be made, if practicable, by the lieutenants of engineers who have not already done so.

FIELD ASTRONOMY.

22. All the lieutenants of engineers who have not already completed the course, and been excused from further observations, will constitute the observers, being called upon by the officer in charge as wanted, in addition, when officer of the day

(except on Sundays), the weather permitting, they will determine the error of chronometer by single altitude of sun or by east or west star, submitting computations to the instructor on day of marching off.

23. The following system will govern the observations at the observatory. The course covers two seasons-the first including theory and use of astronomical instruments, and sextant, transit, and telescope work with the instruments in the east wing and on the outer pier; and the second including sextant work, and transit and zenith telescope work, and with chronograph, with the new combined instruments in the west wing.

24. Officers wishing to use the instruments for special observations or practice, must apply for authority to do so and are not permitted to handle any instruments unless specifically assigned to them by the instructor.

25. In case of damage to instruments or apparatus, it will be promptly reported to the instructor for the action of a board of survey.

26. The following will be the ordinary routine of observations with the several instruments, after reasonable proficiency has been attained by preliminary practice. Sextant.-After becoming skillful in the use of this instrument upon the sun, ob servers will deduce at least one satisfactory latitude by observing a north and a south star, using the time deduced from an east and a west star-each based on ten altitudes taken on the same night. These observations for latitude and time must be made at the observatory. The observer may get "time" from an assistant, using a portable chronometer, and will determine, by comparison, the error of standard chronometer at observatory.

Chronograph.-Daily determination, by time signal from Washington, D. C., error and rate of astronomical clock, by roster of senior class.

Transit.—A satisfactory set of time observations will be taken by each officer on 2 nights, successive if possible, determining satisfactorily the error of sidereal clock The junior class will employ the eye and ear method; the senior class will use the chronograph. The observer will not receive any assistance.

Zenith telescope.-Observers will first determine the level correction by daylight, using a distant terrestrial object, or at night using a slow circumpolar star. They will then find the value of a turn of the micrometer by observing Polaris at elongation. Lastly, they will observe for latitude, until they have obtained a satisfactory determination based on 3 nights' work upon not less than twenty pairs.

Astronomical azimuth.-Each officer serving his second year will determine an astronomical azimuth-using a large theodolite for the purpose.

27. Each officer shall receive instructions in the use of the personal equation machine and chronograph, and in comparison of chronometers.

28. Suitable blank forms will be provided, both for observations and computa tions; and all problems must be submitted, complete in every detail, upon thes forms. The original records after inspection by the commanding officer will be returned to the officers as their personal property.

29. Hours of attendance at the observatory will be for both classes daily, except Saturday and Sunday, from 8 to 10 a. m., from 2 to 4 p. m., and from to 10 p.m. Evening hours will be extended when it is necessary to secure complete sets of observations.

MILITARY PHOTOGRAPHY.

30. The officers' laboratory will be open daily from 1:30 p. m. to 4 p. m. 31. The building, apparatus, chemicals, etc., will be under the charge of the battalion quartermaster, whose duty it is to furnish any desired assistance, and who will be held responsible for the judicious use of the property.

32. Officers are invited to avail themselves of the advantages of the laboratory, making such arrangements with the officer in charge as shall insure no confusion in his official duties, or in those of the men under his instruction.

33. The instruction of enlisted men will be restricted to a weekly detail of one noncommissioned officer from each company.

34. The battalion quartermaster will submit to this office weekly reports showing the nature of the instruction given, the results attained, and the progress made. By order of Lieutenant-Colonel King:

J. G. WARREN,

First Lieutenant of Engineers, Post Adjutant.