Officers and employes are paid in the same manner as members.
Members of the assembly receive a per diem of $7, including Sundays.
Contingent and incidental expense vouchers are approved by the secretary

of state.

Members are allowed a mileage of fifteen cents each way, by the most direct traveled route from their place of residence to the capitol.

Among the first bills usually introduced is one to defray a part of the expenses of the legislative, executive and judicial departments of state. Such a measure usually provides pay for members until the latter part of the session.

Members of the general assembly are given legislative vouchers for mileage and per diem, which are approved by the lieutenant-governor and the secretary of the senate, and by the speaker and chief clerk of the house, respectively. The vouchers are presented to the auditor of state, who issues warrants on the state treasurer.

ENGROSSMENT AND ENROLLMENT.

Nothing pertaining to the routine of legislation is of more importance than the engrossment and enrollment of bills, and in the selection of members and clerks of committees having these matters in charge the greatest' care and discrimination should be exercised. Mistakes or errors in engrossment or enrollment, no matter how palpable or how glaring, become a part of the law itself, and there is no power to remedy them, once the bill has passed from these committees.

It is the duty of the committee on engrossment to see that all amendments are properly inserted in the proper place in all bills, and the utmost vigilance and care should be exercised in comparing the engrossed bill with the original. Only those thoroughly familiar with such work should be entrusted with matters of engrossment or enrollment.

Good scholarship, good penmanship and accuracy of thought and action, together with a knowledge of legal forms and technicalities, are the essentials of satisfactory results in the working force of the committee on enrollment. Here the final work is done, and here all errors must be discovered and corrected, if at all. A bill, when enrolled, is ready for the signature of the governor, and is not read again, except by title, when signed by the presiding officer of either branch of the legislature.

It is the duty of the committee on enrollment to see that all bills are properly and correctly enrolled, to have them signed by the presiding officer of each house, and to present them to the governor, taking a receipt from him, indicating the day and hour of delivery, and to report their action to their respective houses. The enrollment committees of the two houses constitute a joint committee to present bills to the governor.

The enrollment committees practically have charge of a bill from the time it is received for enrollment until it is presented to the governor. The chairman of the senate committee and the chairman of the house committee are presumed to work together in getting the bills signed in their respective houses, and present the bills to the chief executive in person.

COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE.

The most important work of legislation in either branch of the general assembly is done in committee of the whole, upon the second reading and consideration of bills. When either house desires to resolve itself into committee of the whole, a motion to that effect is made and adopted. The presiding officer then retires, calling a member of the body to the chair. A bill is taken up and read section by section, together with the recommendations or amendments of the committee to whom it had been referred. Such amendments may be accepted, altered or rejected by the committee of the whole; and it may take such action on the bill as it may be disposed.

A roll call is never taken in committee of the whole; the vote is either viva voce or by rising, and no record is kept of same.

When the committee rises, the presiding officer of the body resumes the chair, and the chairman of the committee of the whole reports its proceedings from the floor. A vote is then taken for record upon the adoption of the report. The report is entered upon the journal, with a record of the action had upon it.

All bills for consideration in committee of the whole are placed upon the calendar under the head of general orders, and take precedence for consideration in regular order as reported from committee.

All amendments to bills considered in committee of the whole, when proposed, should be sent to the presiding officer in writing.

The reading clerk of either house is clerk of the committee of the whole.

JOINT CONVENTIONS.

Joint conventions of the senate and the house of representatives are held for the purpose of canvassing the vote for state officers, to receive the message of the retiring governor, for the induction into office of the governor-elect and state officers, for the election of United States senator, and for any other purpose that may be agreed upon between the two houses.

The vote for state officers is canvassed in joint session immediately upon the organization of the assembly. The convention is accomplished by concurrent resolution, usually originating in the senate. The message of the retiring governor generally precedes the canvass of the state vote.

All joint sessions are held in the hall of the house of representatives, the chief officer of the senate presiding.

INAUGURATION CEREMONIES.

The inauguration of the chief executive and other state officers occurs on the first Tuesday after the opening of the general assembly. The date for the coming inauguration is Tuesday, January 13, 1903. A special committee, consisting of two senators and three representatives, is named by concurrent resolution to arrange and execute the plans for the occasion. The expenses are paid out of the legislative contingent fund by order of the two houses jointly. The inauguration committee has exclusive charge of all arrangements.

The governor's inaugural address is delivered at this time, and the ceremonies are held in the largest hall available, the public being invited to attend.

ELECTION OF SENATOR.

Balloting for the election of United States senator begins on the second Tuesday after the organization of the assembly, at noon, this time on January 20, 1903. Each house votes viva voce separately on that day, the proceedings being spread upon the record. On the day following, the two houses meet in joint session, and that portion of the journal of each relating to the election is read. If the journals show that any person has received a majority of the vote of both houses, an election is declared to have taken place. If no election has occurred, the joint convention proceeds to vote viva voce, the secretary of the senate calling the roll of the senate, followed by a roll-call of the house by the chief clerk. If no election occurs, the joint convention meets each day following, at 12 o'clock meridian, taking at least one and as many more votes as may be agreed upon until an election is secured or the legislative term expires for the session.

A majority vote of all members of the assembly is required in order to secure an election.

JOINT CONVENTION RULES.

The president of the senate shall preside.

Joint conventions have authority to compel attendance of members. Adjournments may be taken from time to time, as expediency suggests. The sergeant-at-arms of each house is required to be present at all joint sessions.

When presiding, the president pro tempore may vote, but a tie vote is declared to be lost.

The rules of the house of representatives, so far as applicable, govern all joint proceedings.

The secretary of the senate and the chief clerk of the house act conjointly, but the proceedings are only spread upon the house journal. The result of the convention is announced to the senate by its president.

OFFICERS AND EMPLOYES.

The chief officer of the senate is the lieutenant governor, and the speaker of the house is the chief officer of that body. Unlike the speaker, the president of the senate is not a member of the body over which he presides, and has authority to vote only in case of a tie. He can not vote on the passage of a bill. The president pro tem., being a senator, is entitled at all times to his vote.

Candidates for the principal positions to be filled in the assembly are usually agreed upon in caucus, previous to the organization of either house.

EMPLOYES OF THE SENATE.

The employes of the senate are thirty-seven in number. The list, with their daily compensation, as provided by law, is as follows:

A secretary at $6.00, assistant secretary at $5.00, reading clerk at $5.00, bill clerk at $4.00, docket clerk at $4.00, sergeant-at-arms at $5.00, 2 assistant sergeants-at-arms at $4.00 each, chaplain at $3.00, chief enrolling clerk at $4.00, 1 assistant enrolling clerk at $4.00, chief printing clerk at $4.00, 1 assistant printing clerk at $4.00, 2 messengers at $3.00 each, 1 doorkeeper at $3.00, 1 assistant doorkeeper at $3.00, 1 janitor for chamber at $3.00, 1 janitor for committee rooms at $3.00, 1 janitor for cloak room and gallery at $3.00, 1 telephone mes

senger at $3.00, 1 night watchman at $4.00, 1 matron for woman's gallery at $3.00, 4 pages at $2.00 each, 1 clerk for judiciary committee at $4.00, 2 clerks for revision committee at $4.00 each, 1 clerk for finance committee at $4.00, 1 clerk for railroads and corporations and banking and insurance committees, jointly, at $4.00; 1 clerk for agriculture and irrigation and education and educational institutions committees, jointly, at $4.00; 4 assignable clerks at $4.00 each.

EMPLOYES OF THE HOUSE.

The employes of the house are forty-three in number. The list, with their daily compensation, as provided by law, is as follows:

A chief clerk at $6.00, assistant clerk at $5.00, reading clerk at $5.00, stationery and bill clerk at $4.00, docket clerk at $4.00, sergeant-at-arms at $5.00, 1 assistant sergeant-at-arms at $4.00, chaplain at $3.00, chief engrossing clerk at $4.00, 8 assistant engrossing clerks at $4.00, chief enrolling clerk at $4.00, 8 assistant enrolling clerks at $4.00 each, chief printing clerk at $4.00, 4 assistant printing clerks at $4.00 each, 2 messengers at $3.00 each, 1 doorkeeper at $3.00, 1 assistant doorkeeper at $3.00, 1 janitor for chamber at $3.00, 1 janitor for committee rooms at $3.00, 1 janitor for cloak room and gallery at $3.00, 1 night watchman at $4.00, 6 pages at $2.00 each, 1 clerk for judiciary committee at $4.00, 1 clerk for revision and constitution committee at $4.00, 1 clerk for finance, ways and means committee at $4.00, 1 clerk for corporations and railroads committee at $4.00, 1 clerk for agriculture and irrigation and stock (jointly) committee at $4.00, 1 clerk for appropriations and expenditures committee and fees and salaries (jointly) at $4.00, 1 clerk for education and state institutions (jointly) and 6 assignable clerks at $4.00 each.

All clerks of the revision and enrollment committees, except detailed clerks, must be expert typewriters, and the work of engrossment and enrollment may be done by typewriter with indelible ribbon.

The president of the senate or speaker of the house may, at the request of the revision or enrollment committee, when the labor required to be done by the clerks of said committees can not be done by the said clerks, detail any other competent clerk of the senate or house to assist in the labor to be done by said committees.

In case of an emergency during the last ten days of the session the president of the senate and the speaker of the house may each employ not to exceed two enrolling clerks.

All clerks are assignable, and all printing clerks must be skilled and competent proof readers.

All of the above employes are selected by the house employing them, either by ballot or resolution, and shall perform such duties as may be required of them by the proper members or officers.

The pay of all officers and employes ceases upon final adjournment of the general assembly except the pay of the secretary of the senate, assistant secretary of the senate, clerk and assistant clerk of the house, who are each allowed pay for ten days after final adjournment for completing the records of the proceedings of the session and turning the books and papers over to the secretary of state, taking his receipt therefor.

PRESIDING OFFICERS.

In the senate, a president pro tempore is elected at the opening of each session. Another election is held at the close of the session, and a hold-over senator is elected as president pro tempore, to serve during the interim of adjournment, thus providing for a chief executive of the state in case of the death or disqualification of the governor and lieutenant governor.

In case the lieutenant governor and the president pro tempore are both absent at the convening of the senate, the eldest senator present shall preside until an acting president shall have been elected, which election shall be the

first business of the senate. Hon. Casimiro Barela is senior senator of the Fourteenth General Assembly.

If the speaker of the house be absent and has appointed no member to the chair, the chief clerk calls the body to order and the house selects some member to occupy the chair pro tempore.

ROUTINE OF BILLS.

Bills may be introduced on the first day of the session, and on every legislative day during the first thirty days. After that period no new bills can be introduced, but committees may report substitutes with amendments. Only the general appropriation bill can be introduced after the thirty-day limit.

The body of a bill must be headed with a full and complete title. It is not necessary to place the full title on the bill cover. No limit is placed on the number of bills which a member may introduce.

READING OF BILLS.

Immediately following its introduction, a bill is read by title, which is considered the first reading. It is then referred to the appropriate standing committee for consideration as to whether or not it shall be printed, and, if favorably reported, is referred to the committee on printing. Two hundred and forty copies are printed, and in this form the bill is again referred to the original committee. If still favorably considered, it is next reported back to the body from which it was received, with the recommendation that it be referred to the committee of the whole for second reading.

Upon passage by the committee of the whole, it is referred to the committee on revision, from whence it goes to the committee on engrossment, to be copied in legislative script. When engrossed, it is reported back to the house for third reading and final passage.

All bills must be read by title when introduced, and at length on two different days in each house.

The final passage of a bill requires a majority vote in either house of all members elected thereto.

A bill can not be amended on third reading without first having obtained unanimous consent to offer the amendment.

AMENDMENT OF BILLS.

A bill having passed one house, and being amended in the other, is returned as amended to the house from whence it came. A vote by roll-call must be taken on the amended bill, the same as on third reading, the question usually being, "Shall the amendments be concurred in?" If the amendments are concurred in, the bill is sent to the committee on enrollment.

If the amendments are not concurred in, and the house amending refuses to recede, a conference committee is appointed, and the house amending the bill is asked, by message, to appoint a like committee on conference. If the conference committees are unable to agree, the fact is so reported to each house, and another conference committee is requested, so continuing until an agreement is reached or the measure is dropped by common consent.

All amendments to a bill are recorded upon the journal.